Emotion-Related Impulsivity, Risk-Taking Behavior in Young Adults

This research report delves into the psychology of personality, focusing on the interplay between emotion-related impulsivity and risk-taking behavior, particularly among young adults at a university. The study examines how impulsivity, defined as acting without thinking, is influenced by both positive and negative emotions, with negative emotions often associated with increased risk-taking tendencies like substance abuse and gambling. Through hypothesis testing, the report investigates gender differences in impulsivity and risk-taking, the association between positive/negative urgency and risk-taking, and whether these urgencies predict the direction of risk-taking behavior. The results of the independent T-tests and correlation analyses reveal significant relationships between gender, emotional urgency, and risk-taking, supporting the idea that emotion-related impulsivity is a key factor in understanding risk-taking behavior in emerging adults. Desklib provides access to similar solved assignments and study resources for students.

Psychology of Personality

ABSTRACT
The current research is being based on the analysis of the personality within psychology.
this involves the fact that there are many different traits which govern the working of the person.
this is pertaining to the act that when the person will be reacting to any of the situation without
even thinking then this reflects the fact that person’s personality is being affected. along with this
the study also highlighted that the hypothesis is being proved correct and it can be stated that the
emotion related impulsivity is being guided by the risk taking behaviour of the person to a great
extent. also the positive and negative emotions are also being guided by the risk taking behaviour
and the impulsivity.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
RESULTS........................................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The personality psychology is a type of Psychology which examines and values the
personality of the person and the variations taking place within the individual. This is
particularly essential because the personality of every person is different and it is very necessary
that it is being evaluated in proper and effective manner. One of the personality traits which are
being inculcated within the person is impulsivity (Parlangeli and et.al., 2018). Within
psychology, impulsivity is being defined as the tendency of the person to act without thinking.
Many a times there are situations when person reacts without even thinking what they are
reacting. Thus this causes a problem with the person and the other person to whom the reactions
have be made.
One of the major aspects relating to impulsivity is the emotion related impulsivity. This is
being referred to as the tendency for engaging the behaviour of person and the presence of 4th
negative and positive emotions. This positive emotion is referred to as the positive agency and
the negative emotion is being referred to as negative urgency. Hence negative is associated or
related with the taking behaviour of the person. Within the negative risk taking behaviour is very
high and this can result in smoking initiation, consumption of alcohol, drug consumption,
gambling and many other different risks taking behaviour.
With the help of the present researched the analysis of emotion related impulsivity will be
analysed and the risk taking among the young adults who are present at the University will be
analysed. This is necessary in order to analyse the Research question that whether the adults
being present at the University are having high emotion related impulsivity and the risk taking
behaviour or not. Within the current research different research questions of the hypotheses will
be test in order to prove the Research question correct. The different research questions will
include whether there is difference between male and female emerging adults attending the
universities with Negative positive urgency and the risk taking behaviour. Further it will be
analysed that whether there is an association being present between both negative and positive
and risk taking behaviour or not (Stepp, 2012). In the end the data will be analysed in order to
recognise the positive and negative version see differs in the direction of risk taking behaviour
among the emerging adults or not who are attending the universities.
Hypothesis 1

The first hypothesis relates to the fact that whether there is a difference being present
between the mail and the female emerging adults and the risk taking behaviour which state
poses. This is very necessary to be evaluated because in case there is not any relationship
between the just taking behaviour and the gender of the person then it will be affecting the
growth and development of the person to a great extent. Thus this hypothesis need to be proved
in order to evaluate that whether the risk taking determined by the gender or not.
Hypothesis 2
Along with this the second hypothesis related to the factor and analysis of the difference
between the female and male emerging adults and the positive and negative urgency is being
present among them. This is very necessary for the reason that in case the positive and negative
emotions will not be attached within the person then the impulsive it in the person will be very
high. This is particularly because of the reason that when the person is not having any emotions
either positive or negative then it will be affecting the risk taking behaviour of the person.
Hypothesis 3
In addition to this another hypothesis relates to the factor that whether there is an
association being present between the risk taking behaviour of the person and the positive and
negative urgency within the person. This is very essential to be analysing because the risk taking
behaviour and the urgency is being dependent over one another and for the person to not be
impulsive it is very necessary that they have these factors within them. Also in case the risk
taking behaviour will be high and the positive and negative emotions will be low then this will
be creating and issue for the person balance between both of them.
Hypothesis 4
At last Research question of the hypothesis will include the fact that weather there is
positive and negative urgency different in the direction of the production relating to risk taking
behaviour. With the analysis of this hypothesis is will be cleared that whether the person is
having a good knowledge of positive and negative urgency or not.
RESULTS
Hypothesis 1
H0- There is not any significant difference between the male and female emerging adults in risk
taking behaviour.

H1- There is a significant difference being present within the male and female emerging adults in
risk taking behaviour.
Group Statistics
Identified gender N Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
CARE Total Risk
Frequency
male 21 61.43 45.831 10.001
female 86 34.71 28.600 3.084
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df
Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
CARE Total
Risk
Frequency
Equal
variances
assumed
9.056 .003 3.368105 .001 26.719 7.933 10.989 42.449
Equal
variances
not assumed
2.55323.933.017 26.719 10.466 5.116 48.323
Hypothesis 2
H0- There is not any difference being outline between the male and female adults with respect to
positive and negative urgency.
H1- There is a statistical difference being present between the female and male adults with
respect to negative and positive urgency.
Group Statistics

Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df
Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Positive
Urgency
Score
Equal
variances
assumed
.742 .391 2.801105 .006 1.710 .610 .500 2.920
Equal
variances
not assumed
2.78930.372.009 1.710 .613 .458 2.961
Negative
Urgency
Score
Equal
variances
assumed
4.882 .029 -.933 105 .353 -.606 .650 -1.895 .682
Equal
variances
not assumed
-
1.146
41.820.258 -.606 .529 -1.674 .462
CARE Total
Risk
Frequency
Equal
variances
assumed
9.056 .003 3.368105 .001 26.719 7.933 10.989 42.449
Equal
variances
not assumed
2.55323.933.017 26.719 10.466 5.116 48.323
Hypothesis 3

H0- There is not any Association being present between the risk taking behavior and positive and
negative urgency.
H1- There is an association being present between the positive and negative urgency with risk
taking behavior.
Correlations
CARE Total
Risk
Frequency
Positive
Urgency Score
Negative
Urgency Score
CARE Total Risk
Frequency
Pearson Correlation 1 .294** .175
Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .071
N 107 107 107
Positive Urgency Score Pearson Correlation .294** 1 .371**
Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .000
N 107 107 107
Negative Urgency Score Pearson Correlation .175 .371** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .071 .000
N 107 107 107
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Hypothesis 4
H0- There is not any relationship being present between positive and negative urgency in the
direction of risk taking behaviour.
H1- There is a relationship being present between the positive and negative urgency with respect
to the direction of risk taking behaviour.
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .303a .092 .074 32.851

a. Predictors: (Constant), Negative Urgency Score, Positive Urgency
Score
b. Dependent Variable: CARE Total Risk Frequency
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 11345.400 2 5672.700 5.256 .007b
Residual 112238.667 104 1079.218
Total 123584.067 106
a. Dependent Variable: CARE Total Risk Frequency
b. Predictors: (Constant), Negative Urgency Score, Positive Urgency Score
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 6.095 12.298 .496 .621
Positive Urgency Score 3.511 1.328 .266 2.644 .009
Negative Urgency Score.982 1.288 .077 .763 .447
a. Dependent Variable: CARE Total Risk Frequency
Residuals Statisticsa
Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation N
Predicted Value 24.07 67.60 39.95 10.346 107
Residual -59.012 111.939 .000 32.540 107
Std. Predicted Value -1.536 2.672 .000 1.000 107
Std. Residual -1.796 3.407 .000 .991 107

a. Dependent Variable: CARE Total Risk Frequency
Charts

DISCUSSION
Hypothesis 1
With the help of the analysis of independent T test it is clear that the identified gender
involves total of 21 mail and 86 of email. On the other handy mean male having the risk
frequency is 61.43. On the other hand, in case of the females the average number of people
having the care total risk frequency is 34.71. On the other hands each standard deviation in both
cases involved 45.831 and 28.620 respectively in case of male and female. Moreover, with the
help of the significance value it is clear that it is 0.001 which is less than the standard of 0.05.
This simply means that the alternate hypothesis is being accepted rejecting the null hypothesis
(Steele and et.al., 2021). With the help of the significance value it can be stated the atom there is
a significant difference being present on the basis of gender and the risk taking behaviour within
the emerging adult. This is particularly because of the reason that when the risk taking behaviour
within the person will be based on gender itself.
Hypothesis 2

With the analysis of the Independent sample t-test output it is clear that the positive
urgency school is 8.52 for meals and 6.81 averages for females. On the other hand, in case of
negative version C code it is 8.43 averages for male and 9.03 average for females. Along with
this care total risk frequency for the male is 61.43 on an average and 34.7 1 for females. Thus
with the help of the significance value it is clear that in case of care total risk frequency only the
hypothesis is being proved. but in case of the positive urgency score as well the hypothesis is
being proved as the significance value is 0.006 which is less than the standard of 0.05. In against
of this the negative urgency score is not related to the risk taking behaviour because the
significance value is 0.353 which is more than the standard that is 0.05.
Hypothesis 3
This hypothesis deals with the fact that whether there is an association being present
within the risk taking behaviour or not with the negative and positive urgency. With the output of
the correlation it is clear that only the CARE total risk frequency is not correlated with the
negative urgency score. This is particularly because of the reason that the significance value is
0.071 which is more than the 0.05 and with this it can be stated that the correlation is not being
present within these two variables.
Hypothesis 4
The current study relates to the analysis of the fact that whether there is a relation being
present within the positive and negative urgency with the risk taking behaviour. With the help of
the output it is clearly evident that the relationship is being present between both the variables
that is urgency and the risk taking behaviour. this is pertaining to the fact that the significance
value is 0.007 which is lower than the standard that is 0.05. Hence, with this it can be stated that
negative and positive urgency score affects the risk taking behaviour to a great extent. also the R
is 30 % which implies that there is moderate correlation being present within all the variables. on
the other side, the R square is 9.2 % which emphasises the fact that in case there will be any
change in the independent variable will cause a change in the dependent variable for 9.2 %.
In the views of Lazuras and et.al., (2019) impulsivity is the reaction of the person without
thinking anything that whether this might affect the mental or the physical well- being of the
person. along with impulsivity there are many different types of the personality traits but having
high impulsivity is not good for the person as this might affect the person and their working
efficiency. in case the person is having high impulsivity then it might be possible that the risk