Annotated Bibliography: Incels and Mass Shootings Research in the USA

This annotated bibliography explores the complex relationship between the incel subculture and mass shootings, focusing on the USA. The bibliography includes summaries and evaluations of several scholarly articles. Ging (2019) examines the rise of incel ideology within the manosphere, highlig...Read More

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Name of the Student:
Name of the university:
Author’s Note:

2ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ging, D., 2019. Alphas, betas, and incels: Theorizing the masculinities of the
manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 22(4), pp.638-657. Available from
-https://xyonline.net/sites/xyonline.net/files/2018-05/Ging,%20Alphas,%20Betas,%20and
%20Incels%202017.pdf
Incels or a group of young white men in the United States are rendering huge war on women and
also on the ones whom they consider to be racially backward than them. However it must be
noticed that this issues has even gone viral and developing themselves on a rapid rate after the
arrival of different digital applications on social media. Ging (2019) is of the opinion that earlier
there were the concepts of misogyny and also anti feminism. However the group of the
involuntary celibacy (incels) is now being launched to inject the atrocities or the war on women
in a very large and strong way. The large scale and rapid development of social media is giving a
huge boost to these groups as they are finding different easier means through which they can
gain grounds by creating larger and also big groups. They are using different applications or the
tools that are available on the social media grounds like comments section, posts, and picture
upload on platforms like facebook, twitter and others. This is making these incel and other
women hating groups spread their message or their power in a very fast manner and also to a
large number of people. 2 2-year-old Elliot Rodger killed six people was the main person behind
the Insla Vista incident when he killed six women as part of an International killing Spree also
made use of the digital or the online sites. This is because he made sure to post the online
comments or the statements on his social media saying that he hates women and that one day the
Incels will actually vet their real strength and a day will come that women will fear them. There
were also other incidents like the Oregon shootings in 2015 A manosphere is being created that
is trying to spread a huge amount of hatred towards women and also people from the non white

3ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
race.Debbie Ging is Associate Professor in the School of Communications at DCU. This article
has been published by her which shows that this is an authentic article and can easily be used for
further studies.
Bratich, J. and Banet-Weiser, S., 2019. From pick-up artists to incels: con (fidence) games,
networked misogyny, and the failure of neoliberalism. International Journal of
Communication, 13, p.25. Available from -
https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/13216/2822
Incels are a common and dreadful name that has developed over the years, particularly between
the time periods of about 2007 to 2018. This name is used to refer to a group of white young men
of US who believe in mass murder or genocide because of their intense hatred against women
and also the people coming from the non white backgrounds. The online teacher community of
the gurus have mainly given raise to this new group of women haters who actually ant to develop
their own supremacy by showing that they want women to be dominant and also not to ever raise
their voice. Therefore it can be said that this article is mainly trying to talk about the failures of
this neoliberals or the modern era that actually fails to bring the stability among the society and
also they fail to give the same respect and the equal opportunity to all the people irrespective of
their sexual or their ethnic biasness. This article is talking about a new concept like that of
networked misogyny. Bratich and Banet-Weiser (2019) is of the opinion that internet has really
human beings a great deal as it is helping people to connect with one another and at the same

4ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
time, also trying to make sure that they are able to render help for all the ones who are needed.
It is true that social media and the other networking stores have really been very helpful in
making the networks strong and also people at each and every corner of the world are really
being benefitted from the same. However, it must be noted that there are also some harmful and
life threatening activities that are now developing in the world of internet and also in many other
such places.
Gutierrez et al (2017) is of the opinion that there are many secret groups working in the world of
internet and trying to spread hatred against women. Created destruction is one of such terms that
is developing in the current scenario. This is mainly because of the fact that there are online
teaching communities who want to impose their own opinion and their ideas of women hatred or
hatred towards the non whites among the white men in general. There are different groups like
the “anti-feminists, father’s rights groups, ‘incels’ who feel that male domination is natural and
hence they try to impose the same over women by creating war on them. This aticle is composed
by Jack Bratich who is one of the well k iown and reknownd faculty members of the Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, School of Communication and Information, Department
of Journalism and Media studies. He has already published many papers in this aspect and he
tries to prove to provide an in detailed and also a very critical approach to this topic that talks
about the different aspects of the group of incels and their impacts.

5ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Vito, C., Admire, A. and Hughes, E., 2018. Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and
violence: considering the Isla Vista mass shooting. NORMA, 13(2), pp.86-102. Available
from- http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2017.13906
This article is talking about the huge extent of social violence that is created due to the mass
murder via the gun shooting by the group called Incels. However this article is also talking about
some kind of relationship that might exist between that of masculinity and violence. Rodger was
the person responsible for the Insla Vista gun shooting (mass murder) incident that took place in
the year 2014. However it is evident from this given article that perhaps the lack of opportunity
to show off his masculinity had led Roger commit such a heinous crime.
Gender expectations are also one of the major aspects being created by the society. It was
because of this reason that Rodger was frustrated. He wanted to avenge his loss or insult via the
violent retribution of a mass gun shooting. This article is describing the different facts that are
actually responsible for such growing anger and hatred. He has presented himself as unlucky and
lacking in comparison to those men who have all the accepted social physical attributes.
Therefore this article talks about all those reasons which are responsible for making such hatred
among men and thus they are forced to take up these kinds of steps. He was also the member of
PUAhate.com, that is an online community of women haters that due to show their disgust on
women due to their inability to ‘pick up’ women. (Vito, Admire and Hughes 2018). This is
evident of the fact that he wanted to fit within the accepted social norms and also wanted to make
sure that he can cause harm to women as he hated them and was also never able to get their
attention.

6ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
White, S.G., 2017. Case study: The Isla Vista campus community mass murder. Journal of
Threat Assessment and Management, 4(1), p.20. Available from-
https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ftam0000078
This article talks about the mass murder gun shooting incident that shook the entire world in the
year 2914. This happened because of the uprising of the hatred and discriminatory feelings that
arose among some men against women. A 22 year old student shoot over a group of college
students, killing six and wounding around 14 of them. The more alarming aspect of this incident
was that before committing this mass murder, the student had proudly written an entire manifesto
in order to show the worked the motif and the reasons that he had behind committing such crime.
This article has been able to talks about the authenticity of the source of the investigation. The
source was mainly collected from the office of the Sheriff’s office. It is from the office of Santa
Barbara, who was the County Sheriffe, that some proof like, the subject’s YouTube posts, and
especially his detailed and lengthy “manifesto’’ have been discovered. White (2017) has stated
that manifestos are a very good and also strong sources for the police and other investigators in
order to see the actual motif or the thought that was present within the mind of the mass
murdered before he committed or even sketched this kinds of a murder. It must be noted at the
same time that in this case of Insla Vista, the tape or the manifesto that was presented as really
different because it showed the unusual and the huge extent of the harsh feelings and the hatred
that was actually present among the 22 year old student when he was about to commit such a
heinous crime. It is also evident that Rodger was totally set with his plan because it has been said
by the eye witnesses of the Insla Vista community that he acted totally normal earlier and there

7ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
was completely no sign of him making any such crimes soon thereafter. He drove his car killing
a group of three women killing the two and seriously injuring the third one. Following this he
was seen driving to the nearby community where he continued his massacre thus killing people
at random as he kept of shooting through the windows of the houses. He was however later
traced by the cops who shot him in the course of gun fire in his hip. However following his,
Rodger killed himself by shooting himself in his head and this hoist vehicle went and crashed
into a car that was already parked. This article is actually very useful as it gives a huge amount of
information about the different experiences that Rodger has passed thorough while he was in his
academic years. It can be seen that he has been bullied since his boyhood by his schoolmates. He
has described in his manifesto that he was bullied for being shy, small and also because of his
awkward and introvert nature. However he has also started his likelihood towards pretty women
who never gave any attention towards him. As he himself never got any special attention from
girl or from women he desired he grew a severe hatred against them and was ready to kill women
and state that male domination was normal.
It seem that this threat could have been avoided if an early intervention measure was available
for him and then he would be able to develop the proper rational mindset and his destructive plan
could also have been prevented. However several years have passed since this incident and now
several steps have been taken by the Sheriffs of U.S and also Government to provide protection
against such incidents. This article is by Stephen G, who has been publishing many such works
based on trauma and risk or threat assessments. It is therefore this reason that this is a very
authentic article and also can be used for further or future studies.

8ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bitch Media. 2020. Bitchmedia.Org. [online] Available at:
<https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/incels-white-supremacists-past-never-existed>
[Accessed 17 March 2020].
This website is talking about the mass murder that was done by Rodger who was a 22 year old
student. He has committed this crime because of his huge hatred towards women and also
towards the society as a whole. This is mainly because of the fact that right from his childhood
he was always bullied by others because of his social awkwardness. Apart from this, he was also
never able to pick any women and was always suffering from a feeling of inferiority (Bitch
Media. 2020).
Incels have been defined as a group of young white man who wants women and the other people
from different racial groups to stay within certain limits as was done in previous times. They
want the strict social and legislative norms to be enforced over women and the non whites so that
they can stay within their limits.
This website is a source of authentic and original news as they have published several works on
feminist response to media and other popular cultures as well.

9ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
Baele, S.J., Brace, L. and Coan, T.G., 2019. From “Incel” to “Saint”: Analyzing the violent
worldview behind the 2018 Toronto attack. Terrorism and Political Violence, pp.1-25. Zakrison,
T.L., Milian Valdés, D. and Muntaner, C., 2019. Social violence, structural violence, hate, and
the trauma surgeon. International journal of health services, 49(4), pp.665-681.
Bitch Media. 2020. Bitchmedia.Org. [online] Available at:
<https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/incels-white-supremacists-past-never-existed> [Accessed
17 March 2020].
Bratich, J. and Banet-Weiser, S., 2019. From pick-up artists to incels: con (fidence) games,
networked misogyny, and the failure of neoliberalism. International Journal of
Communication, 13, p.25. Available from -
https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/13216/2822
Ging, D., 2019. Alphas, betas, and incels: Theorizing the masculinities of the manosphere. Men
and Masculinities, 22(4), pp.638-657. Available from
-https://xyonline.net/sites/xyonline.net/files/2018-05/Ging,%20Alphas,%20Betas,%20and
%20Incels%202017.pdf
Gutierrez, N.L., Halmay, P., Hilborn, R., Punt, A.E. and Schroeter, S., 2017. Exploring benefits
of spatial cooperative harvesting in a sea urchin fishery: an agent‐based
approach. Ecosphere, 8(7), p.e01829.
Klingner, D.E. and Williams, E., 2019. Topic: Public Safety. Public Integrity, 21(2), pp.220-224.

10ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Michaud, K.M., Emery, K.A., Dugan, J.E., Hubbard, D.M. and Miller, R.J., 2019. Wrack
resource use by intertidal consumers on sandy beaches. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf
Science, 221, pp.66-71.
Scaptura, M.N. and Boyle, K.M., 2019. Masculinity Threat,“Incel” Traits, and Violent Fantasies
Among Heterosexual Men in the United States. Feminist Criminology, p.1557085119896415.
Vito, C., Admire, A. and Hughes, E., 2018. Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and violence:
considering the Isla Vista mass shooting. NORMA, 13(2), pp.86-102. Available from-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2017.13906
White, S.G., 2017. Case study: The Isla Vista campus community mass murder. Journal of
Threat Assessment and Management, 4(1), p.20. Available from-
https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ftam0000078