This report delves into the critical issues surrounding Indigenous child welfare in Australia, focusing on the overrepresentation of Aboriginal children in the child protection system. It examines the historical context, including the impact of past policies like the 'Stolen Generation' and the resulting mistrust between Aboriginal communities and welfare agencies. The report analyzes factors contributing to overrepresentation, such as systemic biases, institutional racism, and differences in child-rearing practices. It then explores contemporary best practices, including the National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children, and critically analyzes these practices, emphasizing the importance of cultural sensitivity, community strengths, and holistic approaches. Finally, the report presents strategies to address overrepresentation, such as 'Footprints in Time' and 'Closing the Gap Clearinghouse,' and highlights evidence-based practices that demonstrate engagement with social justice and human rights principles. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to reduce the disproportionate representation of Indigenous children in the child protection system and promote their well-being.