This essay delves into the significant health issue of diabetes within the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Australia. It begins by defining diabetes, outlining its different types, and highlighting its prevalence, supported by current statistics that compare Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. The essay then explores the historical context, focusing on the impact of colonization on Indigenous health, particularly how changes in diet and lifestyle contributed to the rise of diabetes. It identifies and discusses two key social determinants of health, such as access to healthcare and socioeconomic conditions, which exacerbate the diabetes problem. Finally, the essay examines the influence of Indigenous culture on addressing the disease, including the potential of traditional practices and sports to promote better health outcomes. The essay concludes by emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches to manage and prevent diabetes within these communities, acknowledging the complex interplay of historical, social, and cultural factors.