This essay examines the theory of social determinants of health (SDOH) and its profound impact on the health status of Indigenous Australians. The essay identifies key indigenous health determinants, including socioeconomic status (SES), lack of access to primary health care, and poor housing conditions, and explores their contribution to health disparities. It highlights the significant role of SES in the high prevalence of diabetes, chronic diseases, and mental disorders within the Aboriginal population, linking it to historical factors like colonization and discrimination. The essay also discusses the effects of poor housing on infectious diseases and mental health. The analysis reveals that addressing SDOH factors is crucial for improving health outcomes, reducing health inequities, and promoting well-being among Indigenous communities. The essay emphasizes the need for policy makers and health promotion programs to prioritize these factors to achieve health equity and excellence in disease control. The study reveals that SES is highly linked to high rate of diabetes, chronic disease and mental disorders in Aboriginal people. In addition, poor housing was identified as a contributing factor behind high burden of infection disease in indigenous population.