Youth Justice and Crime: Annotated Notes on Indigenous Youth

This assignment, focusing on the over-representation of Indigenous youth in the criminal justice system, presents annotated notes derived from a provided PowerPoint presentation. The annotations cover various aspects, including psychological, social, and political factors contributing to the issue. The assignment highlights historical contexts such as colonization and racism, and their impacts on the Indigenous population, addressing concerns like trauma, mental illness, and discrimination within the justice system. It examines issues faced by Indigenous youth, such as education, substance abuse, and the over-representation in juvenile facilities. The assignment also explores governmental and media responses, and concludes with potential solutions and the importance of cultural connection and self-esteem to help these youths choose productive pathways. The references provided offer further insights into the subject matter.

RUNNING HEAD: CRIMINAL LAW
Criminal Law
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author Note

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Annotation 1 – Indigenous Young People Regarding Youth Offending
Presentation 1:
There are several factors in the context of psychology for which the indigenous youth is being suffered
like trauma, depression, problem in behavior and mental illness. This increases the risk of a person in
getting involved in the behavior that is found to be criminal. There is a clear evidence that the
discrimination is shown to the indigenous youth. Police contact only with individuals those are youth
offenders in Australia. It has been suggested by the some evidence that young individuals gain criminal
record at some young age. Restorative justice is referred by the police as the diversion is found to be
implemented in every territory and state all over Australia. Those crimes related to the property is
considered as one of the major offence that is referred by the police during the contact of the juvenile. In
the context of political response there are several issues that is found to be surrounding the state and
federal government effectiveness working together on the implementation so that the changes can be
made easily (Cunneen White & Richards 2015). There is also one of the leading issue that is concerned
about the inadequate resource of legal service that is considered as Aboriginal. In the context of media
response several impression has been provided by media that the Aboriginals are found to be
untrustworthy, threatening and aggressive in the best way they like to provide the information to the
general public.

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Annotation 2 – Indigenous Young People Regarding the Issue Facing by the
Group Presentation 2:
The representation of the youth those are indigenous within the system of justice can be
understood well in consideration of racism and colonization it is found to be experienced by the
population. Children and land is been taken from the indigenous individuals in the early period
of colonization that has resulted to negative attitude and distrust towards the authority that is
considered as non indigenous. The history and the negative relationship of the non indigenous
and indigenous individuals provides impact on the population in the context of mental and
unemployment issues that lead to the representation of the youth that is considered as indigenous
in the system of criminal justice. There are several concerns for which the indigenous youth is
worried that is depression and abuse along with alcohol and drug consumption. Several youth is
found to be struggling academically to drop the schooling and turn into rebellious or criminal
behavior. There are several formal caution that is found to be issued by the police of Australia as
an alternative of being arrested and charged. It has been observed in several studies that
indigenous young people are less likely in gaining a caution than the people those are non
indigenous ( Cunneen & Schwartz 2008). There are several indigenous juveniles those are found
to be heavily detained in the group of Australia. There are several indigenous sentencing court
that is found to be not effective in reducing the rate of recividism in the context of indigenous
youth. It has been observed that they allow collaboration between non indigenous and
indigenous individual what’s training the knowledge and the issue of understanding young
indigenous people are going through.

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Annotation 3 – Over-representation of Juvenile Facility by Indigenous Young
People Group Presentation 3:
It has been observed that the indigenous youth those are around 10 to 17 years of age is found to
be 17 times likely to be under the supervision as compared to the use those are non indigenous.
There are 48% of those are indigenous and they are aged about 10 to 17 are under the
supervision. The analysis that was conducted on the year of 2002 NATSISS found the economic
and social disadvantages is directly underpinned the indigenous use contact with the system of
criminal justice. According to the strain theory there is a direct correlation of strain between the
cultural process and the structural opportunity that has been found to be noted. The term strain
theory is explained as the main source of tension that is generated outside of the person and
instead by society leading to the commission of crime as the structure that is considered as social
order the value as it has been seen as unfair or pathological (Shaw & McKay 1942). The rate of
crime by the indigenous youth is steam for lacking in education and a lack of assistance by the
administration. Government has developed and also has taken several initiatives as it is
mentioned significantly that there is a decrease in rate by the means of giving equal opportunity
for all the youth in Australia. It has been observed that through some better education mode
chance can be given to the youth those are considered as indigenous in Australia apart from
crime.

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Annotation 4 – Indigenous Youth Justice Group Presentation 4:
It has been observed that young people those are indigenous is found to be over represented in
every jurisdiction of the youth system of justice. According to the report of 2015 and 2016 it has
been found that every 476 young Australian indigenous those are aged around 10 to 17 years are
under the supervision of the justice system of the youth. According to the figure of 2016 it is
found that the Australian those are indigenous is 16 times likely to be involved with the justice
system that is specially developed for the youth and also the child protective services. It has been
influenced by the media of popular opinion and the understanding of the pupil of social issue
through the framing technique. Negative stereotyping lead to misunderstanding and racism
between non-indigenous individual and indigenous individual. The economic and the social
challenge stemming from colonization have also provided some contribution to the rate in which
indigenous young individual engage in criminogenic behavior (Cunneen White & Richards
2015). The over representation of the young people those are found to be indigenous in
Australian justice system developed for the youth is explained as the urgent human right issue
facing some modern Australia. In utilization of the program such as Koori Justice Program that is
develop for youth, aboriginal power cup, and aboriginal sentencing circle in combination with
the resource that is given by the indigenous you justice program department can help in The
breakdown of the barrier between the indigenous community and the justice system.

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Conclusion:
It can be concluded from the above statements that there are near about 400 articles that is found
to be researched by Jasmin Jiwani in between the year 2010 and also in the year of 2013. It has
been observed that there are 18% indigenous youth those have portrayed it in a more positive
way. In application of the theoretical knowledge in the explanation of the crime that is done by
the youth among the indigenous population it can be better understood that the past policies and
the events is continuous to contribute in commission of crime nowadays. It has also been
observed that there is a disparity between the incarceration rate regarding non indigenous and
indigenous youth varying from state to state. New South Wale hold the wide number of youth
those are considered as indigenous within the center of youth detention why the west Australia
has the highest to date with you are considered as indigenous being 62 times more likely to be
incarcerated. There are several program that has been issued remote school attendance,
strengthening the smarter institute, and closing the gap that can protect in maintaining the self-
esteem and also in connecting the culture that can help cleanliness youth to choose a productive
pathway.

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Reference:
Cunneen, C., & Schwartz ,M. (2008). Funding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander legal
services: issues of equity and access. Criminal Law Journal. 32. 38-58.
Cunneen, C., White, R. & Richards, K. (2015) Juvenile Justice: Youth & Crime in Australia 5th
Edition, Oxford University Press, Australia & New Zealand.s
Cunneen, C., White, R., & Richards, K. (2015). Juvenile Justice: Youth & Crime in Australia 5th
Edition, Oxford University Press, Australia & New Zealand.
Shaw, C. & McKay, H. (1942) Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas, Chicago University
Press, Chicago

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