This essay explores the intricate relationship between the individual and society, focusing on how identity is constructed within the framework of modern society. It delves into the concepts of structure and agency, examining how societal structures influence individual behavior and how individuals, in turn, exercise agency. The essay discusses the nature of modern society, highlighting the impact of technology and social changes on individual identity formation, and the role of social theories, such as functionalism, in understanding these dynamics. It also addresses the influence of factors like race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic differences on identity. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of modern society on health and well-being, particularly among young people, and concludes by emphasizing the interplay of structure and agency in shaping the lives of individuals.