Health and Human Rights: An Analysis of Indonesia's AIDS Strategy

This essay provides an analysis of Indonesia's National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Action Plan, examining its effectiveness in reducing HIV infections, mitigating the impact of the AIDS epidemic, and improving the quality of life for those affected. It highlights the strategies employed between 2010 and 2014, including prevention programs, access to care and treatment, stakeholder coordination, and evidence-based interventions. The essay also discusses the challenges faced, such as inadequate program coverage and weak health systems, while emphasizing the importance of strategic approaches, partner mobilization, and civil society engagement. Furthermore, it references global statistics on HIV/AIDS and the evolution of Indonesia's response to the epidemic, including the establishment of national AIDS groups and the implementation of harm reduction programs.

Running Head: NATIONAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN OF INDONESIA
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National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Action Plan of Indonesia
Essay

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National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Action Plan of Indonesia
Many resources are required in response to HIV and to reduce new infections. There are three main
principles which are used to determine environmental areas such as HIV transmission hazard,
implementation process for effective AIDS, and HIV disease burden. HIV transmission risk can be
determined by measuring the total number or person among key populations, disease burden can
be measured by calculating a total number of PLHIV and implement HIV process is determined by a
capacity for implementation of work at the field. There are many factors that increase the
productivity of the response to AIDS/HIV such as the social condition of the environment, economic,
political condition, law, and regulation. Prevention of HIV and AIDS infection is an accelerated
program that was discovered in 2008. There are four modules of this program such as performance
change statement, the capacity of stakeholders, supply organization of condoms, and STI
management. The main objective of this program is to find and affect sex workers (Aids Indonesia,
2010).
The AIDS epidemic is one of the wildest increasing epidemics in Indonesia. In 2007, key population
yielded many HIV levels such as around 10.4% during direct sex worker, almost 4.6% during indirect
sex worker, 5.2% during MSM, and 0.8% among female sex workers. The regulation number 75/
2006 show that response of AIDS in Indonesia increases day by day. The impact of ARV Treatment is
helpful with AIDS and it reducing deaths from 46% to 17% in 2008 (Mangroves for the future, 2012).
In 2006, overall HIV or AIDS budget was 105 billion but in 2008 it reached 542 billion. The percentage
of domestic funding had risen from 22% to 51% from 2006 to 2008. According to the department of
health, around twice the number of peoples existed in Indonesia due to AIDS/ HIV in 2014 as
compared to 2008 and it increasing from 227,700 to 501,400 in 2014.The HIV/AIDS in Indonesia
requires many efforts such as strategic approaches, mobilization of partners, and civil society.
Indonesia is the 4th biggest country in terms of populace that spread over 17000 islands. It is
separated into 33 provinces that are again separated into around 500 regions. HIV pollution
described almost 200 districts. National AIDS policy and plan of 2010-2014 is an extension of 2007-
2010 AIDS strategy and plan in Indonesia. This action idea can be used as the basis of mainstreaming
AIDS into state preparation. After 2007, there are many signs of progress in Indonesia related to HIV
and AIDS, by this development new data have available (World health organization, 2014).
In 1981, the first AIDS case was identified and it is calculated that around 60 million persons diseased
due to HIV and almost 25 million expired due to AIDS. Currently, around 35 million people existing
with AIDS and HIV, and it are calculated that almost 7,400 new HIV arise every day. In 2007, around
2 million people died due to AIDS. At the finish of 2007 almost 4.9 million persons diseased due to
AIDS in Asia and in which 440,000 people infected due to HIV and 300,000 people already died due
to HIV (Global health delivery, 2011). There is a small change in condom use during key population
from the year 2002 to 2007. ARV Therapy is reducing the number of death from HIV and AIDS, in
2006 it was 46% but in 2008 it was around 17%. As compared to external funding of AIDS, the
domestic funding also increased from 22% to 39% in 2008. There are many challenges faced in 2008
such as inadequate program coverage, uncertainty related to sustainability of program, community
service system and weak health (United nation AIDS, 2014).

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The objective of AIDS Approach and action plan in between 2010 and 2014 is to decrease the HIV
infection, reduce the effect of AIDS epidemic, and develop quality of life (Central intelligence agency,
2018). There are following achievements of strategy and action plan in 2010-2014-
 Around 80% of key population reached by effective prevention program.
 All HIV pregnant women will receive ARV Therapy as appropriate.
 National strategy and action plan increase to the national response and sustainability
response to HIV and AIDS.
There are following strategy can be used to reduce HIV and AIDS infection-
 Expand the attention of anticipation efforts
 Expand accessibility of care, and treatment service
 Improve coordination during stakeholders and use of resources
 Increase consumption of interventions
 Implement evidence-based program and arrangement (Heywood, and Choi, 2010).
This Approach and Action Plan (2010-2014) was created as a kind of perspective for all accomplices
in the reaction to HIV/AIDS - management, government, and worldwide accomplices. At the state
level, the Achievement Plan will be utilized as a device to coordinate HIV problems into national
advancement designs, and also filling in as a reference for government divisions to grow more AIDS-
related specialized techniques (Mesquita, et al., 2007). At the provincial level, it serves to illuminate
advancement of neighbourhood HIV Plans, which will serve, thus, as the premise of neighbourhood
spending advancement. This archive will likewise be utilized as an mechanism to prepare stores at
the national and universal levels. The methodical and extensive reaction to HIV and AIDS in this Idea
will be completed in regions with the most astounding HIV pervasiveness and most astounding
number of individuals of key populaces. Particular organized projects will be arranged and
completed to achieve, effort with, and serve every single key populace. The Action Plan includes a
wide range of partners at all levels, both government and the network, keeping in mind the end goal
to accomplish conduct change that will lessen transmission of HIV disease, so people, network
everywhere can live full and beneficial lives and both add to and appreciate the advantages of
advancement (Desai, et al., 2010).
All inclusive, since the main instance of AIDS, was recognized in 1981, an expected 60 million
individuals have been tainted with HIV and around 25 million died due to AIDS. As of now, there are
around 35 million individuals living with HIV (World Health Organization, 2009). It is assessed that
7,400 new AIDS/HIV diseases happen every day. Toward the finish of 2007, an expected 4.9 million
individuals had been contaminated with HIV in Asia. Of this aggregate, 440,000 were individuals with
new HIV diseases, almost 300,000 had died. Despite the fact that methods of HIV transmission
fluctuate crosswise over Asia, the prevalent is determined by, sexual contact with an AIDS or HIV
tainted accomplice, and sharing of sullied needles/syringes, and without the utilization of a condom.
In 2007, there were almost 2.7 million new AIDS/HIV diseases and 2 million individuals died of AIDS-
related causes. From that point AIDS have expanded quickly determined by infusing drug utilize
(Magnani, et al., 2010). By 2006, 8,194 AIDS cases had been revealed. In 2006 it was assessed that
around 193,000 grown-ups alive with HIV in Indonesia. By 2009 the evaluated amount of PLHIV
expanded to 333,200, 25% of whom were ladies. In the meantime, in 2009 there were different

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imperative improvements in management - a national general race occurred which prompted
arrangement of another bureau including another Organizing Minister for Publics Welfare as Chair of
the AIDS Instruction and advancement of Indonesia's national mid-term improvement design. These
changes required speeding up of the procedure for the plan of another National AIDS System and
Action Plan (2010-2014) despite the fact that investigating mid-term assessment of the past National
Policy and Plan was not yet entire. The consequence of these elements was that the last year of
National Action Strategy (2007-2010) turned out to be the 1st year of the new Procedure and idea
(2010-2014) (World Health Organization, 2007).
These statistics demonstrate a feminization of the AIDS prevalent in Indonesia. In 1987, the
Department of Health built up a National AIDS Group, which was controlled by the Manager General
of Infectious Diseases Control and Environmental Fitness. In 1994, Governmental Declaration No.
36/1994 was issued building up AIDS Instructions at the national, common, and local level. It is
chaired by the Organizing Minister of Publics Welfare, delivered a National AIDS Plan and multi-year
work project covering the years 1994 to 1998. In light of this arrangement, various worldwide
advancement accomplices upheld Indonesia's reaction to HIV and AIDS (National AIDS Commission,
2007). In 2003, to organize Indonesia's reaction to AIDS, the Managing Minister of Publics Welfare
built up the National AIDS Plan for 2003– 2007. In 2010, the Department of Rule and regulation set
an objective of 96 jails to execute thorough HIV and AIDS aversion programs. Starting in July 2009 15
penitentiaries had the thorough program in progress. 4,285 prisoners had utilized VCT
administrations. Four-person facilities too have methadone administrations which before the finish
of 2008 had been utilized by 1,079 prisoners. Fifty-three detainment facilities work together with
referral healing centres to furnish detainees with administrations for ART, TB what are more, sharp
diseases (OI). Jail-based projects are executed in cooperation with NGOs. There are at present 26
NGOs in 15 regions that execute jail-based programs, containing effort exercises for prisoners
(Soemantri, et al., 2007).
Avoidance of HIV contamination by sexual connection is helped out by condom advancement and
arrangement of STI treatment administrations. In 2008, there were almost 245 administration units
accessible in community healthcare private centres, corporate facilities, and network enters.
Exercises will coordinate HIV related data, instruction, and referral administrations to a more
extensive scope of both youngsters and teachers over the two areas. Programs of harm decrease
encourage infusing drug clients to embrace healthy performance, both relating to HIV pollution and
usage of anticipation and care services. Discoveries in the 2007 IBBS among most in danger
populaces demonstrate critical positive changes in conduct among infusing drug clients including
expanded condom utilize, expanded usage of antiseptic vaccinating kit and a critical reduction (5%-
52%) in distribution of vaccinating gear. Positive outcomes were especially perceptible in 4 urban
communities: Jakarta, Medan, Surabaya, and Bandung (Mahendradhata, et al., 2008).
A few elements added to this accomplishment: selection of proper strategies; creation of helpful
conditions which decriminalized infusing drug utilize; dynamic association of infusing drug clients in
program outline, usage, and administration; availability of wellbeing administration units; and limit
working for sedate clients to expand mindfulness and to guarantee their inclusion in counteractive
action programs. Exhaustive mischief diminishment programs have been actualized in numerous
territories in Indonesia, especially in regions with an expansive number of infusing drug clients. Later

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on, the anticipation of HIV transmission through infusing gear will keep on being extended after the
case of movement found to be successful (Bachtiar, et al., 2008).
Sexual program of AIDS and HIV can be stopped successfully with three approaches such as
abstinence, use of a condom, and be faithful. Since 2002, after the use of condom populaces has not
expanded fundamentally. For instance, condom use among female sex specialists expanded by just
2% per year, there is no expansion of condom use among customers of sex worker, and use of
condom among waria and MSM has reduced. It is clear, that a more compelling aversion program
and Behaviour Change Communication procedure is required. The 2007 IBBS among most in danger
populaces found that predictable condom use among key populaces was as per the following: 40%
among transgender, 20% among MSM; 35% among female sex specialists, 15% among customers of
female sex specialists; 30% among infusing drug clients. There has been an empowering and critical
increment in condom use among infusing drug clients, from 17% of every 2004 to 30% out of 2007.
An anticipation of infection through utilization of condoms is not yet viable among female sex
workers, customers of sex specialists, and MSM. There are different problems to be addressed such
as money related help from government identified with condom supplies has been unusual, absence
of satisfactory supporting approach in a few regions, proceeding with rejection of condom for this
reason among a few portions of the general population, and still advancement of condom use on a
wide scale (Irawati, et al., 2009).
It is trust that expanding data about HIV and VCT inside the network joined by development of VCT
administrations and strengthening of joint effort between social care suppliers, NGOs and target
gatherings will join to expand usage of administration and result in achievement of the objective to
give HIV-related administration including VCT to all who require them. To meet the developing
requirement for care and management identified with HIV and AIDS the number and nature of
health administration offices for example, doctor's facilities, network health focuses, and other social
insurance units will be expanded and nature of administration enhanced during the time of this
Action Plan. In a few sections of Indonesia, the scourge is caused by transmission of disease through
distribution of polluted needles among infusing drug clients in the network. In different regions, the
fundamental method of transmission is undefended, and in the two regions of Papua and West
Papua the scourge has spread into the overall public. Indonesia's reaction to AIDS centres around
anticipation programs for the populaces which are most in danger and on reinforcing of care, care
and management administrations for individuals living with HIV. The reaction has been produced
with expect to achieve most extreme effectiveness and high effect at minimum cost.
Programs of care and treatment are not yet sufficiently powerful; there is an excessive number of
restrictions in accessibility of service with the outcome that entrance for key populaces including
PLHIV is also restricted. Shortcomings in the coordination's and supply systems related to ART also
restrict the effectiveness of care and treatment programs. More leadership duty is required and also
enhanced joint effort, coordination, and HIV/AIDS-related skill preparing to defeat these challenges.
The response to AIDS in Indonesia faced many challenges such as for behavioural changes around 8
contacts are required per year for each person, due to an absence of conducive environment use of
the condom is low, sustainability program is undefined, and lack of healthcare systems (Dodds, et al.,
2009).An increment in the importance of the prevalent will obviously expand the social and
monetary trouble conveyed by the general population of Indonesia. To address the prevalent
efficiently, the HIV response requires extra intensive, and effectiveness. The objective of national

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plan is to: improve social mitigation, improve coverage of prevention, strengthen the organization,
health systems related to AIDS and HIV, increase care and treatment programs, and use evidence
process to implement a program (Etty, et al., 2012). The health community is very important to
provide proper attention, treatment, and maintenance for infected workers. The tourism community
protects all people of tourism industry, and workers. The main goal of National HIV/AIDS plan and
program is to decrease HIV transmission, increase treatment services, and reduce the effect of
HIV/AIDS on people, workers, and families. There are many objectives of national strategy program
such as provide proper care and treatment for HIV infection, provide care, treatment and support
services, improve social and economic support for PLHIV, and create an environment which can
promote HIV and AIDS infection. Successful execution of the 4 particular goals specified above will
make possible the fruitful scope of 80% of key populaces and conduct change among 60% of them
(Kirby, et al., 2012). In the event that the Action Plan (2010-2014) is viably done it is trusted that by
2015, almost 294,000 new diseases will have been stayed away from and if that level of helpfulness
proceeds, around 1,205,000 new pollutions will stay away from by 2025. There are following targets
of action plan (2010-2014)-
 80% of crucial populaces are to become too extensive and successful aversion programs.
 The exhaustive administration will be accessible including affirmation that all qualified PLHIV
get ARV management in a situation where they catch proficient and others conscious, given
without discrimination.
 All HIV/AIDS pregnant ladies and their youngsters will get proper ARV treatment.
 Every person or worker infected with HIV can be utilizing social and economic support and
treatment.
 To improve treatment, and support resources for anticipation of AIDS and HIV (Hinduan,
2009).
The National action plans (2010-2014) of HIV/AIDS is a extension of the National Plan (2007-2010).
The new methodology was drawn up considering knowledge and results so far. The new National
Strategy expects to defeat hindrances already experienced. They additionally influence utilization of
discoveries from the Mid-Term to survey (Culbert, and Williams, 2018). The Plan will be performed in
a facilitated way by management and common society, containing local collections and associated
groups. There are many strategies to achieve care and treatment programs such as reduce
transmission of AIDS and HIV by use of syringe, anticipation of AIDS/HIV by sexual contact, expansion
of comprehensive program for MSM, anticipation of mother to transmission of child, improve care
and support services, decrease the bad effect of the epidemic, improve resources and coordination
among stakeholders, and planning and program implementation. There are many actions plans to
achieve universal targets such as prevention, precaution, maintenance and management, effect
justification, and formation of a helpful atmosphere. This research present the national policy and
action plan of Indonesia associated to AIDS and HIV (Culbert, et al., 2015). There are many
challenges faced by the national community that explained in above document and also explained
objective, goal, targets, strategy, and action plan of the national community. This research defines
how those programs will be achieved; the resources are required to execute them, and estimation
system to be used throughout the execution of national response.

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