Detailed Report: Industrial Complex Construction at Heathrow Airport

This report examines the construction of an industrial complex near Heathrow Airport, focusing on various aspects of the construction process. The report covers professionalism in the construction industry, outlining key elements such as maintaining regulations, implementing new technologies, and effective resource management. It details the roles of different parties involved, including architects, civil engineers, project leads, and quantity surveyors, and discusses the significance of tendering processes, specifically serial tendering for the given project involving multiple similar buildings. The report also explores organizational structures, emphasizing the suitability of a matrix structure for this scenario, and highlights the importance of ethical principles in construction. Furthermore, it classifies the project under industrial infrastructure development and heavy engineering construction. It delves into stakeholder relationships, tender versus contractor distinctions, and the stages of modern construction, including initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closure. The report also discusses construction methods like pre-cast panel systems, and macro/micro planning, highlighting the suitability of precedence diagrams and the implementation of Business Information Modelling (BIM) to improve project management and stakeholder communication.

Running head: INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note:

1INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
Table of Contents
Task 1.........................................................................................................................................2
Task 2.........................................................................................................................................4
Task 3.........................................................................................................................................6
Task 4.........................................................................................................................................8
References................................................................................................................................10

2INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
Task 1
Professionalism in the construction industry is about maintaining the current
regulations and standards, implementing new technologies to build up a construction project
with quality materials, within the stipulated time, and optimising the use of the resources
(Oladotun and Edosa 2016). The construction professionals are duty-bound to look into the
various aspects of a construction project to maintain the professionalism such as time, money,
equipment, technology and managing the staffs in the team effectively. Hence, the
construction industry is successfully maintaining professionalism by:
a) Organizing resource materials of optimum quality
b) Determining the sequence of the work procedure in the projects
c) Completing projects within the specified budget and time
d) Assimilating different organizations to accomplish a common goal
e) Resolving conflicts between the stakeholders
f) Implementing trending technologies for optimum delivery of the projects
In a well-established construction company, the four major parties are:
a) The Architect who is responsible for designing the construction
b) The Civil Engineer who looks after the technical issues and queries of the project
c) The Project Lead who manages the team, resources, time and quality
d) The Quantity Surveyor who determines the financial aspects of the construction
In the given scenario, the Architect designer should plan the buildings and factories
by keeping in mind the inter-connecting infrastructure that will connect the buildings along

3INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
with the highway, which is on the opposite side of the river. The Civil Engineer of the project
should look into the technical issues raised by the Contractor and determine the technical
feasibility of the plan made by the architect (Dardiri et al. 2017). The Project Lead needs to
make sure that the factory buildings are made of steel, concrete or a combination of both the
materials. He should also determine the risks in the project site and take mitigation strategies
against them. The Quantity Surveyor should make the financial plans and update the relevant
stakeholders about the project.
There are different tendering processes in the industry of construction where the
selection of the contractors who will complete the coursework in due time are done based on
their experience and their functionalities. The open tendering processes allows the any
contractor to submit the tender, whereas, in selective tendering process the suppliers invite a
list of contractors analysing their previous performances (Oladimeji 2019). However, in the
given scenario, since this is an industrial project, one should go for the serial tendering
process. Serial tendering allows for preparation of the documents based on the work schedule
and the tendering procedure can be repeated in this type of tendering (Zaiat, Laing and Kestle
2019). Since the given scenario consists of constructing twenty buildings and factories of
similar type, serial tendering will allow for the repetition of the processes and thus reduce the
cost of tendering to beneficial extent.
The construction organizations has emerged from traditional project designs to
matrix, horizontal and virtual structures to cope with the trending structures. The virtual
structure of the companies is based on geographically apart units that communicate via
Internet while the horizontal designs the teams are hold responsible for the success in the
assigned tasks (Duan, Wang and Zhou 2019). In the given construction scenario, the matrix
organization structure will be the most suitable one, where the lead of the project will report

4INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
to the general manager and each functional unit will determine the work process at different
sites.
The construction companies have evaluated their business ethics by following the
ethical principles such as honesty, reliability, fairness, integrity, objectivity and
accountability. All these ethical principles if followed by the construction projects will lead to
proper business execution with avoidance of risks (Wang and Buckeridge 2016). Due to the
development of these ethical principles the stakeholders of the project will determine the
sustainable development of the industrial and factory buildings and develop the mitigation
strategies associated with the risks of the project in advance.
Task 2
The construction industry comprises of several types such as the civil engineering
companies, the general contractors, the heavy engineering and construction, the industrial
infrastructure developers, the real estate constructors, the small renovator constructors and
many more (Sarhan et al. 2017). Each of these companies possess key features according to
their areas of application. For instance, the small renovator constructors are efficient in
providing a planned layout to small offices or buildings and incorporating a traditional
organizational structure is sufficient for them. The real estate companies on the other hand is
not applicable for industrial constructions and mainly used in development of residential
locations (Adeleke, Bahaudin and Kamaruddeen 2018). These companies builds huge
residential complexes for the people of the society and involves natural resources such as
crops, minerals and water in their construction.
The heavy engineering construction refers to the development of bridges, highways,
dams, railway tracks or utility systems. The general construction companies does not have
any specialised criterion. They are responsible for providing construction material and

5INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
equipment, manages the vendors and supplies materials throughout the course of the
construction. The civil engineering companies only take up construction projects related to
foundation, structural steel or concrete desks (Bukreev et al. 2017). More than building up
the assigned structure, they hire a subcontractor and provide services to them for the efficient
construction of the given structure. The civil engineering companies undertake large projects
such as the construction of airports, sewage systems, canals, pipelines and many similar
structures.
In the given scenario of construction around the Heathrow Airport in South England,
the construction involves an industrial complex of consisting of twenty industrial buildings
and manufacturing factories of commodities. Since, this construction revolves around
building manufacturing companies it falls under the category of the industrial infrastructure
developers (Hastie, Sutrisna and Egbu 2017). Along with these industrial complexes, a
walkway and a bridge will also be constructed to connect with the highways. Hence, this
bridge construction will fall under the category of heavy engineering construction.
The rise in the joint ventures or collaborating contracts have led to the increase in the
necessity of building effective relationships amongst the stakeholders of the construction
business. The different stakeholders in the given construction business involves the vendors,
the suppliers, the distributors, the contractors, the manager of the project and many more
people. Each of these stakeholders belong to different companies of their own or might
collaborate each other to deal with the construction projects. Hence, to maintain an effective
relationship with all the stakeholders, the private investor should build good networking skills
with all types of stakeholders and be aware of the various specifications of the construction
before signing the contractual agreement (Urquhart and Whyte 2018). The payment should be
a vital part of the agreement because he is the one who is investing in the construction of the
industries.

6INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
The elementary difference between a tender and a contractor is that a tender is
someone who is invited by the construction owners to trade with them upon certain
conditions on the trade of construction, whereas a contractor is someone who signs the
agreement between the significant buyer and the other party. The construction owners invites
the tenders through mails or newspapers and signs contract with the most efficient tender
only if that tender can deliver the construction within specified time and budget (Holum
2018). The contractor on the other hand can negotiate with the construction owners between
the budget, time and resource materials and specify each of them in the contractual agreement
between both the parties.
Task 3
The key stages in the modern day construction procedure comprises of the five stages.
The initiation phase of the project, where a feasibility study is prepared to detect whether the
project has a positive outcome or not. Then comes the planning phase where the timeframes
are created and the tasks are outlined according to the budget and requirements. The project
manager defines the scope of the project to the other members in the team at this stage. In the
third stage, the execution of the processes are done to along with the report of the progress to
the executives in different meetings (Khemani, Singh and AC 2018). The fourth stage that is
monitoring and control of the project that is aligned with the third stage to check every
process of construction and quality assurance in each stage. The fifth stage is the closure of
the construction where the project resources are released and supplier contracts are
terminated while communicating with the stakeholders.
The modern day construction processes are efficient in reducing extra time and cost
and maintains sustainability throughout all the stages of the development of the construction.
The pre-cast flat panel system involves construction by parts off-site and then brought to the

7INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
site for fitting (Smith 2017). This method is best applicable for construction projects that are
repetitive. The 3D volumetric construction is another method that are constructed off-site and
are best suited for repetitive projects. The precast concrete foundation is the best suitable for
the given scenario of constructing industrial complexes at the Heathrow Airport. It is
advantageous because it helps in decreasing the soil excavation quantity and assembles the
connected systems.
The macro planning in the contract planning techniques involves detailed planning
and procedure of the overall project and the execution of multiple tasks at a time. Macro
planning, as the name suggests aims to look into the bigger picture and in the contract
planning technique, involves a detailed view of the project (Cardoso and Bordini 2016).
However, the micro planning is determined for a single project that is monitored at a time and
emphasizes on visibility of data as well as visualising the change in data. In the given
scenario, the construction of industrial complexes involves heavy construction and thus falls
under the category of macro project. The contract planning techniques varies in four sub-
sections, which are the bar charts, the critical path analysis, the precedence diagrams and the
line of balance techniques. The precedence diagrams are the best suitable contract planning
technique for the construction of the industrial complexes near the Heathrow Airport. The
diagrams will help to describe the sequence of the activities and thus the project lead can
guide his team members to carry out activities according to that sequence. The terminology
and the relationship diagrams in the precedence diagrams of the contract planning techniques
elaborates the processes that need to be conducted for the construction of the factories and
buildings.
Another important innovation of the construction industry is the implementation of
the Business Information Modelling that incorporates the use of digital representation of the
different aspects of construction (Scherer 2019). Hence, the contract planning technique that

8INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
will be used for the given construction scenario, which is the precedence diagrams can be
implemented digitally using the BIM innovation. The BIM is responsible for managing the
physical as well as the functional information associated with the construction activities (John
2018). The project managers with the help of BIM can build up a realistic model of the
buildings and factories and share them with the contractors and other stakeholders for
effective communication about the project. The BIM makes way for the simulation and
development of the constructions and thus the leader can apply real-life conditions to
experiment its success with the model (Vilutiene et al. 2019). In this way, the project
managers can detect whether to use concrete, steel, or a combination of both for the
construction of the factory buildings. Thus, the BIM creates a positive influence on the
construction organizations by helping them to optimize and schedule the costs, detect
conflicts and take mitigation steps against risks, promote collaboration amongst the
stakeholders and thus contribute to the easy maintenance of the life cycle of the construction.
Task 4
The construction industry possess high risks for the workers to work at immense
heights with building materials and equipment and poor maintenance of the working
conditions. It also causes a significant health impact due to the resources and the raw
materials that are used in the industry such as airborne fibres and toxins, wood dusts, asbestos
and many similar materials (Nnedinma 2016). Hence, health and safety legislations
incorporated by the governments of the nation prove to be a necessity for the on-site
employees in the construction industry. The ‘Building Act’ passed in 1984 is one of the
primary legislations passed by the government that incorporates the purpose to ensure safe
and healthy working conditions and the convenience of the people working in the industry
(Jaafar et al. 2018). The other two legislations that are highly relevant with respect to the
construction industry are the ‘Health, Safety Regulations’ passed in the year 1996, and

9INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
‘Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations’ passed in the year
2013 (Memon et al. 2017). The latter one is highly effective because it determines the
hazardous incidents that tend to happen in the construction sites and includes precautionary
measures with respect to such incidents.
Hence, with the implementation of the legislations, the low-level workers and the
technicians are highly benefitted in the industry of construction. For the given scenario, the
workers who are involved in the construction of the industrial complexes near the Heathrow
Airport, will be able to take precautionary measures against scaffolding, fall protection,
electric wiring, excavations, hazard communication and many other adverse scenarios
(Jitwasinkul, Hadikusumo and Memon 2016). The competent workers will arrange for
scaffolds that will be sufficiently rigid to carry four times the load and will be erected on
solid grounding (Mendis et al. 2017). The contractors should arrange for tightly planked
platforms for the landing of the scaffolds. Safety net systems should be incorporated to take
actions against fall protection (Choudhry 2017). Most importantly, the stakeholders involved
on site, should communicate freely while collaborating with each other and ensure that safety
measures are taken against the associated risks in the construction process.

10INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
References
Adeleke, A.Q., Bahaudin, A.Y. and Kamaruddeen, A.M., 2018. Organizational internal
factors and construction risk management among nigerian construction companies. Global
Business Review, 19(4), pp.921-938.
Bukreev, A., Vasilyeva, O., Vlasenko, V. and Sizova, E., 2017. Specifics of the strategic
management of innovative activity of big development and construction companies.
In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 106, p. 08034). EDP Sciences.
Cardoso, R.C. and Bordini, R.H., 2016, October. Allocating social goals using the contract
net protocol in online multi-agent planning. In 2016 5th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent
Systems (BRACIS) (pp. 199-204). IEEE.
Choudhry, R.M., 2017. Achieving safety and productivity in construction projects. Journal of
Civil Engineering and Management, 23(2), pp.311-318.
Dardiri, A., Sutrisno, Kuncoro, T., Ichwanto, M.A. and Suparji, 2017, September. Enhancing
the competitiveness of skilled construction workers through collaborative education and
training. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1887, No. 1, p. 020005). AIP Publishing LLC.
Duan, Y., Wang, R. and Zhou, W., 2019, October. Analysis of the Dynamic Impact of
Intangible Assets on Capital Structure of Listed Companies in the Construction Industry.
In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 330, No. 2, p. 022093).
IOP Publishing.
Hastie, J., Sutrisna, M. and Egbu, C., 2017. Modelling knowledge integration process in early
contractor involvement procurement at tender stage-a Western Australian Case
study. Construction Innovation, 17(4), pp.429-456.

11INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION AT HEATHROW AIRPORT
Holum, M.L., 2018. How does competitive tendering and contracting affect satisfaction with
municipal health and care services?. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(3),
pp.520-538.
Jaafar, M.H., Arifin, K., Aiyub, K., Razman, M.R., Ishak, M.I.S. and Samsurijan, M.S., 2018.
Occupational safety and health management in the construction industry: a
review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 24(4), pp.493-506.
Jitwasinkul, B., Hadikusumo, B.H. and Memon, A.Q., 2016. A Bayesian Belief Network
model of organizational factors for improving safe work behaviors in Thai construction
industry. Safety science, 82, pp.264-273.
John, D.D., 2018. Building Information Modeling (BIM) Impact on Construction
Performance.
Khemani, D., Singh, S. and AC, I., 2018. Contract Bridge: Multi-agent Adversarial Planning
in an Uncertain Environment. In Poster Collection of the Sixth Annual Conference on
Advances in Cognitive Systems. ACS (Online available at www. cogsys.
org/papers/ACSvol6/posters/Khemani. pdf).
Memon, A.H., Soomro, M.A., Memon, N.A. and Abassi, M.N., 2017. Factors causing health
and safety hazards in construction projects in Pakistan. Mehran University Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology, 36(3), pp.559-568.
Mendis, N.S.K., Rajini, P.A.D., Rathnayake, R.M.N.U. and Weerasinghe, A.S., 2017.
IMPROVING CONSTRUCTION SAFETY THROUGH SAFE WORKING CYCLE
CONCEPT: A LITERATURE REVIEW.