Design and Construction of an Industrial Complex: A Detailed Report

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
LO1............................................................................................................................................3
P1............................................................................................................................................3
P2............................................................................................................................................4
LO2............................................................................................................................................7
P4............................................................................................................................................7
P5............................................................................................................................................7
M2..........................................................................................................................................8
LO3............................................................................................................................................8
P6............................................................................................................................................8
P7............................................................................................................................................9
M3..........................................................................................................................................9
LO4..........................................................................................................................................11
P8..........................................................................................................................................11
P9..........................................................................................................................................11
M4........................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................12
References................................................................................................................................13
List of Figures
Figure 1: Pipe Culvert................................................................................................................5
Figure 2: Pipe-Arch Culvert.......................................................................................................5
Figure 3: Box Culvert.................................................................................................................6
Figure 4: Arch Culvert...............................................................................................................6
Figure 5: Bridge Culvert............................................................................................................7
Figure 6: Metal Culvert..............................................................................................................7

Introduction
The assessment is based on the complex that is to be built near to the bank of the river and
connecting to parts of the city. The report contains the whole explanation of the various key
techniques and the methods to be used in building this scenario. All the health regarding
issues as well as Risk management is kept in consideration.

LO1
An Industrial Complex having dimensions 1km x 1km has to be developed near the 2 parallel
expressways (Lingard, H. and Turner, M., 2015). The complex to be built would include 10
of the industrial buildings along with the factories for various commodities. For starting this
Project, evaluation of various techniques along with the resources is to be done. Further,
earthworks, various techniques and the equipment to be used are mentioned and discussed.
P1
Earthworks are referred to as the digging soil, shifting of various materials to the one or other
site. Other than these Earthworks also includes a vast amount of work. Such activities
mentioned above are just the fundamental activities in the construction part of the Civil
Engineering. Preparation of the foundations, dams embankment along with the site of the
construction, filling of the lands for the support, soil anchoring is also being included in
Earthworks. Equipment that is to be used is wheel loaders, scrapers, JCB, dump trucks,
backhoes, forward loader, etc.
Earthworks that are to be done in this scenario:
 Excavation of Topsoil- The Main aim of excavation of Topsoil is to achieve the desired
topography by cutting and material excavations.
 Filling of Land- Here too, the topography is to be achieved. Shifting of the excavated
materials from the surface to the earth to the construction site is done.
 Excavations of the Rocks along with the Muck- A large number of rocks present under
construction site are being removed here. Extra water, as well as waste soil, is also been
eliminated.
 Banking of River- Soil must not be affected by the water present, so proper should be
developed.
 Checking of the Slope- As the excavation process ends, verification of the slope made is
done.

P2
The complex to be built would include 10 of the industrial buildings along with the factories
for various commodities (Li et al., 2016). The aim of these buildings is to be capable of
holding heavier loads. Few of techniques are mentioned below that helps in finding the
building’s foundation:
 Shallow Foundation
 Deep Foundation
Deep Foundation:
The presence of the imperfect soil is not at all suitable, deep foundation is purely used to
facilitate such structures in order to transfer the load to the depth in the land. It further
includes:
 Pile Foundations- This is the first deep foundation type that helps in transferring the hard
soil and the rocks exist deep down in the earth.
 Pier Foundations- This is the next type where the cylindrical structures are being shifted
or transferred.
 Caisson Foundations- This is a bit similar to the Pile foundation but talking about
supporting heavy load capacity it is far better than Pile Foundation. It is less suitable for
clay deposits.
Shallow Foundation:
Distribution of the structure load spread horizontally in small depth. The shallow foundation
further includes the following types:
 Combined Footing- It is used and applied on the case when two or more columns are
near to each other.
 Isolated Footing- This term can also be termed as pad foundation. It is mainly used for
the construction of the single column.
 Spread Footing & Wall Footing- This type of Footing uses a wider base in comparison
to the typical wall foundations contains load bearings.
 Raft Foundation- This is mainly distributed in the entire building and mainly used to
assist the huge, heavy structures.
P3.
The flow of the water is being supported by the Culverts, they are built and covered with soil
or the ground under the roads as well as the railways. They are mainly built near the water
flowing areas and assist as a bridge does. There are various types of Culverts:
Pipe Culvert- Pipe Culvert is the most common type as it is cheap and easy to install. Its
shapes can vary with the conditions and the situations.

Figure 1: Pipe Culvert
(Source: Anon, 2019)
Pipe-Arch Culvert- This type of Culvert is mainly suitable for the wider openings as it
provides suitable and best conditions for habitats in the marine. This is also easy to install and
requires limited headroom.
Figure 2: Pipe-Arch Culvert
(Source: Snteng.ca, 2019)
Box Culverts- For making box culverts concrete along with RCC is required. For installing
this Culvert, dry surface is being required. They are too strong to divert the path of flow of
the water. They are commonly found.

Figure 3: Box Culvert
(Source: Marshalls CPM, 2019)
Arch Culverts- For making this Culvert RCC, concrete along with the metal is required.
Construction time is quite less as compared to the box Culverts. They are easy to install
without disturbing the water flow and water body integrity is maintained.
Figure 4: Arch Culvert
(Source: Pinterest, 2019)
Bridge Culverts- Such Culverts used both as a bridge and the Culvert. They are mainly built
on the canals as well as the rivers. These Culverts are good in strength and also helpful for
the traffics to cross.

Figure 5: Bridge Culvert
(Source: Northwest Consultants, Inc., 2019)
Metal Box Culvert- It is the alternative for the bridge culvert and the most economical if
seen with the purpose of the construction. It has high durability, take less time in construction
and have a long life.
Figure 6: Metal Culvert
(Source: culvert, 2019)
M1
A lot of processes or activities are included in earthmoving processes like compaction,
excavation, dumping, hauling as well as hauling. A process of the cycle that helps in
preparing the metals, followed by the loading cycle, trucks transportation to the final
destination and returning back. Main method and the most commonly used process in
earthmoving is the use of more than one excavators, haulers and the wheel loaders for
preparation purposes. Another method that is used is the use of the scrappers and loaders of
the wheel that are actually free in doing the whole task.

 The entire workflow is to be planned and followed properly in the process of the
construction and plan is properly designed.
 Resources are to be properly organized and verified with the desired location.
 Also, the main important thing required is the full determination of the working people in
earthmoving as well as excavation processes.
 Work is implementing properly or not the whole assuring process is involved, and also
the shortage of the resources is filled back.
 The earthmoving process to be executed properly with required equipment on time.

LO2
P4
The risk is something that must be avoided in order to make the work go smoothly. Execution
part also takes the risk along with it (Celik et al., 2017). This can be harmful to both workers
as well as employees in any of the Construction site. Some common hazardous things faced
are:
 Lacking stability.
 Not proper handling and mobile phone usage can also cause human as well as property
damage.
 The absence of the signs near the trenches as well as the excavations.
 Few of the equipment that is actually found to be harmful is not used properly.
 Extraction of harmful and toxic substances.
Few of the safety measures are being made in order to avoid such Risks. Such measures are
doing fencing, making of the guardhouse to disallow unauthorized persons, construction of
the separate paths and providing the proper appropriate signboards.
Also, each of the sites would have a notice board that helps in providing the location of the
project, workshops, and various equipment for the construction purpose.
Use of the Notice boards is also kept in consideration in order to facilitate the service of the
maps and various information regarding the housing areas, working part as well as the tools.
Also, the use of the drainage system departments helps in assuring the dry as well as the
healthy environments.
Properly cleaning the tools and the working place is to be done.
Trenches, digs, and holes are to be properly covered in order to avoid all kind mis-
happenings.
P5
Safety plans must be kept in the consideration in order to avoid all the kinds of risks, all the
team of the management, as well as the employees, present or working at the construction
site, are explained with the safety plans. Few of the objectives are mentioned below-
The knowledge gap is to be filled among the issues of site safety.
References to a few of the big practices are being provided that has to be obeyed by the team
of the management.
Some of the techniques are being prepared for safety measures and also the tools are
mentioned.

Risk Assessment and Method Statements
Assessment of the risk must include the methods for the identification of the risks. Few of the
contractors as well as the clients do not belong to the experienced sites. These plans and the
assessments of the risk properly contribute as a guide that can be used by the industry in
order to manage as well as assure the safety guidelines.
 Duties of the responsible person.
 Development of the plan of the pre-work.
 Minimizations of the risk occurrence due to the electrical instruments, tools used by the
hands, noise present at the site and the debris disposal.
 Reimbursement work, minor building work, etc.
For managing the risks protocols are to be made and each of the response has to follow such
protocols. Such duties are to be imposed on the persons present at the construction site-
Contractors- The duties of the contractors are to build the pre-planned emergency routes
as well as exits in order to ensure a safe working environment.
Clients- Proper time must be taken in order to ensure the health and safety measures.
Employees- All rules and measures created have to be followed by the employees present the
construction site. The functionality of the equipment must be checked and used properly.
Management of Site- All the information must be provided completely by the management
of the site in order to take care of the safety measure being taken properly or not.
Engineers and the Designers- They must keep the discussion open with the clients,
designers, as well as the employees and regularly, check the safety measures.
M2
The health measures are must in order to provide safe and healthy work being done on the
construction site. Doing construction projects tends to the introduction of the problems. Few
of the protocols are being built in order to keep the environment of the work healthy. Few
codes that are to be followed are- removing the demolition, structure maintenance on a
regular basis. Such codes and the regulations are to be followed at each and every part of the
construction site. Few of the regulations are to be implemented based on-
 Health and Welfare at Work (Construction) Regulations 2006
 Health and Welfare at Work (Construction) (Amendment) Regulations 2008
 Health and Welfare at Work (Construction) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2008, etc.

LO3
P6
Geotechnical Context
Few of the geological contexts are -
 Temperature and the Weather
 Getting the proper sunlight
 The temperature of the Sunlight
 Adequate humidity
 The speed of the Wind
 The direction of the Wind
Quality
If talking about quality, it is not achieved commonly (Iqbal et al., 2015). In order to sort this
issue out, few of the standards are to be made to maintaining the quality. Industry complex is
properly based on quality purpose.
Environmental Context
Demand for the healthy as well as the clean department is being increased a lot. Such
demands are putting a lot of pressure on sites as well on various companies. This increases
the environment-friendly solutions to be implemented properly and help in maintaining the
work progress.
P7
Solution to the mentioned problems can be-
 Maintenance of the qualities of materials, various structures and their sub-parts in the
complex of the industries should be done properly with the help of the supervisor and also
the supervisor’s choice should be made precisely.
 Working hours of the employees or the workers must be organized properly in order to
assist both the site as well as the workers. Such management of the work would result in
effective work.
 Pollutions would definitely make a bad impact on the nearby surroundings so it must be
made or constructed at some proper distance.
 In order to get the best output from the work, the proper environment must be maintained
that should be free of stress and hyper. This can be possible only with proper planning of
the work.
 The work being done every day must be checked or assessed regularly in order to keep
the work effective and efficient.
 If any of the site officials are unable to come with any reason then a proper substitute
must be present.

M3
Few of the mentioned topics must be part of the construction-
 Environment-friendly materials used.
 Optimization of the present underground space.
 Recovery techniques must be present.
 Safety measures must be made.
 Regular checking must be done of the clients.
 Improvisation must be done.
 The safe, healthy and proper site must be made for constructing the project.