This essay examines the 2017 Australian Fair Work Commission ruling on penalty rate reductions for the hospitality, retail, and fast food industries. It identifies the key parties involved, including the Senate, various committees, and the Australian Fair Work Commission, and explains the reasons behind the ruling, such as addressing perceived inequities in penalty rates and protecting the Fair Work Amendments Bill of 2017. The essay analyzes the groups affected by the ruling, highlighting the disadvantaged, such as low-income workers, particularly women and young workers, who rely on penalty rates, and the potentially advantaged, like consumers who may benefit from extended business hours. It also explores the implications for both employees, including potential wage losses and hardship, and employers, considering the impact on labor costs and business operations.