PUBH305: Public Health Recommendations for Australia

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of public health recommendations aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases in Australia. It begins by highlighting the alarming rise of infectious diseases, citing factors like poor lifestyle choices, pollution, and globalization. The study employs a qualitative data approach, including interviews with health professors and reviews of government policies and journal articles. Key recommendations include promoting vaccination, emphasizing proper food preparation, advocating for safe sex practices, and maintaining sanitary environments. The essay also examines programs like free screening initiatives and government policies, such as those implemented in Germany and Luxembourg, to inform effective strategies. The author emphasizes the importance of community health programs, peer education, and government policies to ensure sustainable healthcare and combat disease outbreaks. The essay concludes by reinforcing the need for coordinated efforts involving the government, citizens, and healthcare professionals to effectively combat infectious diseases and safeguard public health.

Running head: PUPLIC HEALTH RECOMENDATIONS
Public Health
Student’s Name
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PUBLIC HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS
Public Health Recommendations
Abstract
Objective. To provide better remedies that will help fight the disaster of infectious diseases in
Australia and the entire world at large. Due to the lack of a compact source of data, this study
aims to sum up possible suggested solutions from medical. The study will come up with a
composed remedy for infectious diseases
Method. The study was conducted by examining two famous health professors and studying
government policies put in place by other countries to fight infectious diseases. Journals were
also studies to get a better understanding of prevention measures undertaken to avoid infectious
diseases and their control
Results. There was a success in the interviews and surveys conducted. Each of the professors
had excellent ideas on how to prevent and control infectious diseases. Journals studied had
helpful information concerning infectious disease. Reviewing policies put in place with countries
like Luxembourg and Germany helped in search of remedies
Conclusion. The result of the study shows that there are real prevention and control measures
that the government can put In place to cub these diseases. They provided recommendations like
vaccination, proper food preparation, safe sex, and safekeeping the environments we live in. I
also reviewed programs like clean care program.
Interpretation. Government policies are put in place to act as guides in the prevention of
infectious diseases. Programs that sp[read campaigns on proper hygiene have also been
advocated to help in the prevention of infectious diseases
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Introduction
As I had discussed in part one of my assessment, infectious diseases have become a real disaster.
Infectious diseases are becoming an epidemic in Australia. Reports of infections are rapidly
increasing at an alarming rate. About 11.9% of deaths annually are caused by infectious diseases,
mainly influenza (Kelly 2016). The rise of the infection is attached to poor lifestyle behavior,
pollution, and unsanitary environments. According to McMurry et al.,(2015), globalization is
another factor that is causing an increase in incidences of infectious diseases. Since infectious
diseases are preventable and controllable, it necessitated the need to research on the possible
prevention and control measures to reduce the infections. O'Grandy (2017), noted that there
exists more than enough prevention and control measures to fight infectious diseases. The only
thing that lucks is proper remedies to solve the problem.
Research by students of Melbourne University indicated that most infectious diseases affect low-
income earners. However, there is a relative increase in the number of cases of infectious disease
among high-income earners. The environment is also seen as a risk factor in the spread of
infectious diseases. The unsanitary environment is home for all the infections. The unhygienic
environment contains dirt and germs, which cause infectious diseases. Unsafe sex is another top
factor in the spread of infectious diseases (Verweij, 2015).research has also shown that most
infectious diseases are also spread through sexual intercourse thus there is need to practice safe
sex.
I have highlighted all possible causes of infectious diseases, and this report is going to
summarize on the possible prevention and control measures. The report will also provide
remedies on how to cub infectious diseases
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Method
Interviews.
I interviewed professor mark walker and Professor David Peterson. I first interviewed Professor
David Peterson in his office. He indicated that the current trend of infectious diseases is
alarming. He suggested that the first step to fight infectious diseases it proper maintenance of
environmental and housing sanitation. Proper sanitation will help decrease infectious diseases by
half. I had a look at some of his research works on the study of malaria. According to the study,
people living in well-sanitized environments have minimal cases and issues to do with malaria
infection. According to him, he was residing in a well-sanitized climate will by far control other
infectious diseases by far. He also proposed proviral DNA screening for infants will prevent the
spread of HIV. HIV is also an infectious disease Jani et al.,(2016) indicated that proviral
screening could prevent up to 90% of infant HIV infections. He also suggested that regular
screening and testing will also help in preventing and controlling HIV, which is the fastest
spreading infectious disease.
Professor David has started a private program that campaigns on pregnant mother screening for
HIV and also advocates for teenagers to test and know their status. Formally he had completed
on an online program that educated people on the essence of maintaining sanitary environments.
The program also educated people on the signs and symptoms of malaria and HIV. It was also
useful in enlightening them on what to do in case they notice any off the signs or symptoms.
Professor David was good, and the interview was very successful
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The other interview was with professor McMichael. Professor McMichael had a Ph.D. in
podiatry. She suggested that vaccination can be a better aid in the fight of infectious diseases,
especially children. An infection like tuberculosis, measles, and whooping cough can best be
prevented through vaccination. She is also a member of the team researching the HIV vaccine.
According to professor McMichael, vaccination acts as a way of preparing the body to fight
certain diseases. When one is vaccinated, the drug contains tiny deposits of the disease being
vaccinated against. Vaccination enables the body’s leukocytes to develop in a way to counter the
infection. In case of exposure the individual can hardly be attracted by the virus (McMicheal,
2018)
Professor McMichael also insisted on a proper environment to avoid the spread of infectious
diseases. Avoiding swampy environs help to reduce the risk of being attacked by waterborne
disease. She further noted that prevention is better than cure. She insisted on safe sex other than
waiting until you are exposed so that you go for testing. Understanding partners that you have
engagements with also prevents the risk of infectious diseases. Sexually transmitted infections
can also be prevented through practicing safe sex and also maintain the loyalty of partners
Journals
According to Pate et al ., (2019), an enormous spread of infectious diseases is inactive. The
journal suggested that physical exercise helps reduce infections. This is due to increased blood
circulation during the exercise. As once exercise, the body gets the chance to remove the stored
carbon and also enhances fat breakdown in the body .it also cleared up the breathing system due
to the rapid inhalations and exhalations. This helps to prevent chronic infections. Exercise also
increases body immunity to fight other infectious diseases.
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Patz et al.,(2016) noted that climate also plays a part in the spread of infectious diseases. Some
climatic conditions favor breeding of mosquitoes which spread malaria. Other conditions
facilitate an increase in their biting rate. Climatic factors such as rainfall cause stagnant water
which support the breeding of the mosquitoes. There is a need to conduct proper research and
surveillance, so to control the spread of malaria. Sterilization of mosquitoes can be the best way
of controlling malaria during the rainy season. Cold weather also causes the common cold and
whooping cough. There is a need to advance in weather forecasting. It will offer early guidance
to citizens on their dressing and housing mode to reduce incidences of the spread of infectious
diseases during the rainy season and winter
Corldiz et al.,(2015), clearly states that infectious diseases in children can be avoided by
immunization. Parents should properly follow the immunization schedule. Vaccination will
ensure that the children are vaccinated against infectious diseases. World health organization
report (2017), indicated that 90% of infant death is due to infectious diseases. Following the
immunization schedule will reduce the incidences of infectious diseases and also infant deaths
Programs Initiated by other Countries
Programs like free screening have helped in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Early
detection helps to detect diseases presence at an early stage. The earlier the disease is detected,
the easy it treated. Other programs like Tuwache Stigma in Kenya has helped to control the
spread of HIV among the youth. The program also educates teens on the essence of early
screening and testing. It also educates youth on the importance of living a positive lifestyle and
the use of condoms to prevent the spread of infectious diseases
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Several countries have initiated free immunization programs. The programs have helped
decrease the rate at which children are infected with infectious diseases. Free immunization
enables children of both the privileged and the less privileged to access immunization services.
There are programs to offer door to door immunization. This program has seen a large number of
children can be reached out, and vaccines administered to them. Especially in rural areas where
transport is a challenge, the program has helped to reach many children who could have
otherwise not gotten the immunization
Government Policies
The German government has implemented policies like a health insurance policy which ensures
that all her citizens have insurance cover. This helps to reduce the cost of medication. It also
increases access to medical facilities as the cover makes them affordable. The policy has been
adopted in several countries, and thus adapting it in Australia will affect proper healthcare.
Luxemburg has health act that ensures adequate maintenance of patients and forbids patients
from going to work. The patient maintenance policy has helped to reduce the spread of infectious
diseases such as tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is airborne; thus if people infected go to crowded
places, it could quickly spread to others, and therefore a large number of people will be affected.
Discussion
The above research has revealed that there are many ways to prevent and control the spread of
infectious diseases. I, therefore, the following recommendations will help in preventing and
controlling infectious diseases in Australia
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Immunization. Effecting proper immunization schedule for infants check-up programs should
also be initiated to ensure that parents immunize their children following the schedule and in
good time
Intervention. The government has enough tools to intervene the spread of infectious diseases.
These tools can be used to treat infectious diseases. There are patients who are needy and suffer
from infectious diseases. The government needs to rehabilitate patients infected with the disease.
Research. There is also a need to research measures to control mosquito and even sterilize them
thus reduce the spread of malaria
Peer education and counseling. There is need to facilitate peer education and counseling too
the youths on the dangers of unsafe sex. Teenagers also need to be thought about how to have
safe sex and the proper use of condoms. The government should also provide condoms for youth
through youth programs
Climatic study. The proper climatic study should also be conducted to reduce the impact of
sudden climatic change on the spread of infectious diseases
Health programs. Programs like free screening should also be established to foster the early
realization of any infectious diseases. Programs to educate adults on the need for physical
exercise should be developed. This will help convey knowledge on the importance of exercise
and its role in preventing infectious diseases. Community health programs should also be
initiated to educate community members on the importance of proper hygiene and its role in the
prevention of infectious diseases
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Government policies. The government should adopt proper policies that will ensure sustainable
healthcare in the country. The government, through the city council, should ensure that everyone
lives is a sanitized environment. There should be proper drainage systems to avoid stagnating
water which is a breeding site for mosquitoes. The government should also come up with
schemes to combat epidermis such as disease outbreaks. When there is an outbreak of diseases
the government needs to have enough mechanisms to counter it
Conclusion
Infectious diseases remain to be a problem in Australia. The above research has proven that there
are better remedies to solve the issue of infectious diseases. If the government puts in place
policies that will check on the disease, then a sure win on the war against infectious diseases is
guaranteed. The is also need to involve citizens in the fight against infectious diseases. Citizen
involvement will foster a joint fight against the disease. Peer education on the infections will also
aid in the fight. The government should also provide condoms for youths in the society. There is
also a need for the government to set up a research institution to research climate. Other
institutes to research infector prevention mechanisms should also be put in place, and with that,
there will be an assured win against infectious diseases.
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References
Colditz, G. A., Brewer, T. F., Berkey, C. S., Wilson, M. E., Burdick, E., Fineberg, H. V., &
Mosteller, F. (2015). Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis:
meta- analysis of the published literature. Jama, 271(9), 698-702.
Jani, I. V., Meggi, B., Mabunda, N., Vubil, A., Sitoe, N. E., Tobaiwa, O., ... & Peter, T.F.
(2016). Accurate early infant HIV diagnosis in primary health clinics using a point-of-
care nucleic acid test. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 67(1),
e1-e4
Kelly, H. A. (2016). A pandemic response to a disease of predominantly seasonal
5yintensity. Medical Journal of Australia, 192(2), 81-83.
McMichael, A. J. (2018). Environmental and social influences on emerging infectious diseases:
past, present and future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1447), 1049-1058
McMurray, C., & Smith, R. (2015). Diseases of globalization: socioeconomic transition and
health. Routledge.
O'Grady, N. P., Alexander, M., Dellinger, E. P., Gerberding, J. L., Heard, S. O., Maki, D. G., ..
& Raad, I. I. (2017). Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related
infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. Recommendations and
reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports, 51(RR-
10), 1-29.
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Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C. A., Bouchard, C., ... & Kriska, A.
(2019). Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports
Medicine. Jama, 273(5), 402-407.
Patz, J. A., Epstein, P. R., Burke, T. A., & Balbus, J. M. (2016). Global climate change and
emerging infectious diseases. Jama, 275(3), 217-223.
Verweij, M. (2015). Obligatory precautions against infection. Bioethics, 19(4), 323-335.
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