Analysis of Information Management: LAB-IoT Ltd Case Study Report
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This report provides a comprehensive overview of information management, focusing on key aspects such as information governance, security, and the roles and responsibilities of senior leadership within the context of LAB-IoT Ltd and Procter & Gamble. It begins with a literature review, defining information governance and security, and highlighting their importance. The report then discusses the roles of senior leadership in information governance, followed by a critical evaluation of information systems and technology, including their impact on staff development, communication, and decision-making. The report also explores potential improvements in information system usage to achieve business goals and enhance communication and decision-making. Finally, it analyzes the importance of security in information management within LAB-IoT Ltd, concluding with a summary of the key findings and recommendations.
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1 Literature review...............................................................................................................1
2 Discuss about the roles and responsibilities of senior leadership in information
governance in the context of Procter and Gamble............................................................4
3. Critical evaluate the use of information system and technology along with its impact
over staff development, communicational flow and decision making.............................6
4 Possible improvements required in use of information system for achieving business
goals, effective communication and decision making in association..............................10
5) Critically analyse the importance of security in information management LAB-IoT Ltd11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1 Literature review...............................................................................................................1
2 Discuss about the roles and responsibilities of senior leadership in information
governance in the context of Procter and Gamble............................................................4
3. Critical evaluate the use of information system and technology along with its impact
over staff development, communicational flow and decision making.............................6
4 Possible improvements required in use of information system for achieving business
goals, effective communication and decision making in association..............................10
5) Critically analyse the importance of security in information management LAB-IoT Ltd11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Information management is the procedure of collecting, managing, collecting, storing
data in different forms. In corporate world, information management is broad concept which to
perform operations in relevant manner. There is implement in order to implement changes in
organisation which is relevant for sharing information among different departments,
organisations or at among different location and helps to perform operations in effective and
relevant manner. These days information is shared in electronic as well as in physical form.
There are many goals and objectives which can be fulfilled by different employees. There arte
many department such as purchase, sales, marketing, etc. hence it is important to deliver and
share information in effective and relevant manner.
This report is based on LAB-IoT Ltd which is an Swiss company. It has head quarter in
Portalban. This company was established by Naoufel afifi el alami (myself) and Giller René
(partner and associate). This company deals in deploying analytics with IoT data for energy
efficiency and then integrate it with traditional Big Data to help solve wide-range challenge for
businesses and organizations around the world,etc.
In this report, there is discussion about concept of information governance and information
security with its importance, roles and responsibilities of senior authorised person in information
governance, use of information system and information technology with its impact on on staff
development, proper flow of communication and decision making. This report also discusses
improvement which can be taken place for using information systems, at last it focuses on
relevance of information management in company.
MAIN BODY
1 Literature review
It refers to the scholarly paper which consists of current knowledge including findings of
theoretical as well as methodological research over a particular topic. Literature review is
generally used by researcher in order to generate some knowledge regarding the topic of current
research. As it will support in forming a base over which further study can be carried out and
moving research over a particular direction.
A) Information governance and their importance in information management:
1
Information management is the procedure of collecting, managing, collecting, storing
data in different forms. In corporate world, information management is broad concept which to
perform operations in relevant manner. There is implement in order to implement changes in
organisation which is relevant for sharing information among different departments,
organisations or at among different location and helps to perform operations in effective and
relevant manner. These days information is shared in electronic as well as in physical form.
There are many goals and objectives which can be fulfilled by different employees. There arte
many department such as purchase, sales, marketing, etc. hence it is important to deliver and
share information in effective and relevant manner.
This report is based on LAB-IoT Ltd which is an Swiss company. It has head quarter in
Portalban. This company was established by Naoufel afifi el alami (myself) and Giller René
(partner and associate). This company deals in deploying analytics with IoT data for energy
efficiency and then integrate it with traditional Big Data to help solve wide-range challenge for
businesses and organizations around the world,etc.
In this report, there is discussion about concept of information governance and information
security with its importance, roles and responsibilities of senior authorised person in information
governance, use of information system and information technology with its impact on on staff
development, proper flow of communication and decision making. This report also discusses
improvement which can be taken place for using information systems, at last it focuses on
relevance of information management in company.
MAIN BODY
1 Literature review
It refers to the scholarly paper which consists of current knowledge including findings of
theoretical as well as methodological research over a particular topic. Literature review is
generally used by researcher in order to generate some knowledge regarding the topic of current
research. As it will support in forming a base over which further study can be carried out and
moving research over a particular direction.
A) Information governance and their importance in information management:
1

As per the view point of Wiig (2012), information governance refers to an organisational
framework where information is managed throughout its life-cycle which further support its
organisational operations, strategies, regulatory framework, environmental and legal
requirement. It includes several items such as confidentiality, information recording, data
protection, freedom of information and subject access request. Main goals of information
governance is to make employees available with information on which they can trust or access
effectively which will further support them in taking more informed decision. Information
governance support in management of information in a most effective manner so that required
information can be transfer to the employees with proper authentication and without any
filtration. So that actions can be taken into most informed and quick manner that support in
achieving the objective behind particular action. This IG system provide the data confidentiality
which secure the information of client as well as organisational data which is very important for
the business. By using IG information management can store data, provide legal protection and
authority to access data for the employees.
According to the Choo (2013), information governance plays an essential role in
information management as it is a holistic approach that work toward making information
available to those who required it while ensuring the compliances, reducing the storage cost and
streamlining management. Information governance further support companies in reducing the
legal risk which is associated with unmanaged or inconsistently maintained information which is
also responsible for changing marketplace. As information governance work toward managing
and securing the information in an effective manner so the right data can be transfers to people
when they require in an authenticated manner which can be used to formulated marketing
strategies and decision making. In addition to this information governance is also being used by
majority of companies now a days in order to keep their information more reliable and secure.
As when they conduct research for determining the trend and demand of customers as well as
prevailing competition which support them in formulating effective strategies. So in that case
companies generally uses information governance for transmitting that information to its
department which require that data. Make it more reliable and effective information to use in the
organisation which help them to secure data with the authentication. Employees can use these
data for the further use but it can be secure by using effective security system.
2
framework where information is managed throughout its life-cycle which further support its
organisational operations, strategies, regulatory framework, environmental and legal
requirement. It includes several items such as confidentiality, information recording, data
protection, freedom of information and subject access request. Main goals of information
governance is to make employees available with information on which they can trust or access
effectively which will further support them in taking more informed decision. Information
governance support in management of information in a most effective manner so that required
information can be transfer to the employees with proper authentication and without any
filtration. So that actions can be taken into most informed and quick manner that support in
achieving the objective behind particular action. This IG system provide the data confidentiality
which secure the information of client as well as organisational data which is very important for
the business. By using IG information management can store data, provide legal protection and
authority to access data for the employees.
According to the Choo (2013), information governance plays an essential role in
information management as it is a holistic approach that work toward making information
available to those who required it while ensuring the compliances, reducing the storage cost and
streamlining management. Information governance further support companies in reducing the
legal risk which is associated with unmanaged or inconsistently maintained information which is
also responsible for changing marketplace. As information governance work toward managing
and securing the information in an effective manner so the right data can be transfers to people
when they require in an authenticated manner which can be used to formulated marketing
strategies and decision making. In addition to this information governance is also being used by
majority of companies now a days in order to keep their information more reliable and secure.
As when they conduct research for determining the trend and demand of customers as well as
prevailing competition which support them in formulating effective strategies. So in that case
companies generally uses information governance for transmitting that information to its
department which require that data. Make it more reliable and effective information to use in the
organisation which help them to secure data with the authentication. Employees can use these
data for the further use but it can be secure by using effective security system.
2
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As per the view point of Marchewka (2014), Information governance is generally a
strategical approach which is used by most of the companies to maximise the value along with
mitigation of risk that is associates with using, creating and sharing of enterprise information. It
also support toward informational management as it recognizes that information is consider as an
organisational asset which requires high level of coordination in order to assure its integrity,
accountability, appropriate preservation and protection of enterprise information. Main aim of
information governance is that it focuses toward the management of information in a most
effective and authenticated. By avoiding fragmentation in information management it make data
trustworthy so that organisation can experience a real return over their investment which they
made over technology, people and process which is used to manage information.
All three definition of Information Governance (IG) is different from each other and the
purpose of using IG in the information management is also contrasting. According to Wiig,
information governance provide the various functions to the organisation to secure their data
through information management. Focus on managing life cycle through IG and provide
effective support to manage organisational strategies, legal framework and other regulation. On
the other hand Choo said that, IG help the organisation to reduce their legal risk and maintain
information that required for the change in marketplace. According to Marchewka IG is the
strategical approach which help the business to maximise value, risk mitigation and share the
organisational strategic information. LAB-IoT Ltd Company follow the Wiig because IG help
the information management through their life cycle and it include the various functions such as
confidentiality, data storage facility, authentication etc. These functions help the organisation to
maintain their management information system.
B) Information security and their importance in information management:
As per the view point IMoran and Morner (2017), information security refers to the
protection of data and information system from unauthorised users, access, modification,
disclosure, destruction and disruption. With the increasing use of technology, the demand of
protection from frauds or other malpractice over IT also get increased. This leads organisation in
recognising the importance of security in form of roadblock to protect the private information
from spreading among unauthorised people because of increasing issues of cyberattack or
hacking.
3
strategical approach which is used by most of the companies to maximise the value along with
mitigation of risk that is associates with using, creating and sharing of enterprise information. It
also support toward informational management as it recognizes that information is consider as an
organisational asset which requires high level of coordination in order to assure its integrity,
accountability, appropriate preservation and protection of enterprise information. Main aim of
information governance is that it focuses toward the management of information in a most
effective and authenticated. By avoiding fragmentation in information management it make data
trustworthy so that organisation can experience a real return over their investment which they
made over technology, people and process which is used to manage information.
All three definition of Information Governance (IG) is different from each other and the
purpose of using IG in the information management is also contrasting. According to Wiig,
information governance provide the various functions to the organisation to secure their data
through information management. Focus on managing life cycle through IG and provide
effective support to manage organisational strategies, legal framework and other regulation. On
the other hand Choo said that, IG help the organisation to reduce their legal risk and maintain
information that required for the change in marketplace. According to Marchewka IG is the
strategical approach which help the business to maximise value, risk mitigation and share the
organisational strategic information. LAB-IoT Ltd Company follow the Wiig because IG help
the information management through their life cycle and it include the various functions such as
confidentiality, data storage facility, authentication etc. These functions help the organisation to
maintain their management information system.
B) Information security and their importance in information management:
As per the view point IMoran and Morner (2017), information security refers to the
protection of data and information system from unauthorised users, access, modification,
disclosure, destruction and disruption. With the increasing use of technology, the demand of
protection from frauds or other malpractice over IT also get increased. This leads organisation in
recognising the importance of security in form of roadblock to protect the private information
from spreading among unauthorised people because of increasing issues of cyberattack or
hacking.
3

According to the LPetronio (2013), Information security plays an essential role in
management of information as each organisation maintain their data which is required to be
maintained effectively. So in order to manage that properly and keeping it away from
unauthorised access, organisations have to implement several information security system so that
only people who have authority to use can access those information. This support in keeping the
important information of company secure and well maintained that can be further use at a time
when it is required by the employees.
As per the view point of Brabazon (2016), information security is consider as a nervous
system of an organisation where any malfunction can cause serious damage over several areas of
company. Hence, information security system is consider as a tool of data confidentiality,
integrity and availability assurance. The effectiveness of information security system help
organisations to reduce the risk of crises that may affect the functionality as well as goodwill of
the company at marketplace. In addition to this it also contribute toward reducing the crises that
may occur outside of the organisation. As information security system provide a multi layered
structure which work toward ensuring that the transformation of data must be moved through a
way which is more authenticated and doesn't lead any unauthorised access that may leads
company in crises.
2 Discuss about the roles and responsibilities of senior leadership in information
governance in the context of Procter and Gamble
Information governance refers to the specification of decision rights and accountability
framework which contribute toward ensuring appropriate behaviour in creation, valuation,
storage, deletion, use and archiving of information (Abdelhak, Grostick and Hanken, 2014). This
generally includes process, policies, roles, metrics and standards which ensures the efficient use
of information in order to support an organisation in accomplishing their goals. Information
system and technology are two inter related areas which consists of method developed to
distribute, store, create and modify the information by using current technological assets like
operating system, software, hardware and servers among others (Brabazon, 2016). Technological
sector is increasing and growing faster which work toward simplifying the daily tasks. It
contribute in complication of information management up to a great extend because of
innovation such as emails, corporate documents and unstructured data. Despite of all these
massive attention on Information technology in past few years It alignment forms on some of the
4
management of information as each organisation maintain their data which is required to be
maintained effectively. So in order to manage that properly and keeping it away from
unauthorised access, organisations have to implement several information security system so that
only people who have authority to use can access those information. This support in keeping the
important information of company secure and well maintained that can be further use at a time
when it is required by the employees.
As per the view point of Brabazon (2016), information security is consider as a nervous
system of an organisation where any malfunction can cause serious damage over several areas of
company. Hence, information security system is consider as a tool of data confidentiality,
integrity and availability assurance. The effectiveness of information security system help
organisations to reduce the risk of crises that may affect the functionality as well as goodwill of
the company at marketplace. In addition to this it also contribute toward reducing the crises that
may occur outside of the organisation. As information security system provide a multi layered
structure which work toward ensuring that the transformation of data must be moved through a
way which is more authenticated and doesn't lead any unauthorised access that may leads
company in crises.
2 Discuss about the roles and responsibilities of senior leadership in information
governance in the context of Procter and Gamble
Information governance refers to the specification of decision rights and accountability
framework which contribute toward ensuring appropriate behaviour in creation, valuation,
storage, deletion, use and archiving of information (Abdelhak, Grostick and Hanken, 2014). This
generally includes process, policies, roles, metrics and standards which ensures the efficient use
of information in order to support an organisation in accomplishing their goals. Information
system and technology are two inter related areas which consists of method developed to
distribute, store, create and modify the information by using current technological assets like
operating system, software, hardware and servers among others (Brabazon, 2016). Technological
sector is increasing and growing faster which work toward simplifying the daily tasks. It
contribute in complication of information management up to a great extend because of
innovation such as emails, corporate documents and unstructured data. Despite of all these
massive attention on Information technology in past few years It alignment forms on some of the
4

issues facing by firms in 21st century. Consequently, organisation's IT department are generally
performing the role of managing and controlling the information of an enterprise so that it can be
used to monitoring the system which further support toward maintaining the governance.
Information governance is the management process which balance the use of data and
information's securities. It provide help to the organisation along with legal conformation and
transparency in their work. Various entities use IG system for the consistency and legal
framework. Which provide help to the employees have handle huge number of data by using
different policies and procedures.
Information governance plays an essential role within an organisation as per discussed
above in case study of Procter and Gamble as it support toward enhancing the quality of
operations performed within a company (Braglia and Frosolini, 2014). As information
governance work toward ensuring the accurate and authenticated information should be
transmitted to the required department on timely bases so that informed actions can be taken
without any delays. But in order to maintain information governance effectively, senior leaders
must poses certain roles and responsibilities.
The senior management is responsible for ensuring that information system can be
managed effectively which is well demonstrated in the case study of Procter and Gamble. One
among them is that, company tries to keep its sales high and in demand by assuring that it
continuously offer new and updated product within market place. As per the given case study it
has been identified that Procter and Gamble uses a detailed analysis which is headed by Chief
Information Officer which is named as Mr. Fillipo Passerini. This is done with the strategy of
using regularly updated data which company uses to increase its sales.
The role of senior leadership is to monitor and organise the entity's information system
and ascertain the implementation of governance policy in managing the information effectively
(Cassettari, 2012). The Procter and Gamble case study depict about the role of leaders where Mr.
Passerini along with other management officers partnered with Global Business Services(GBS) .
This partnership was generally formed with an aim to gain the best tactic transfers across both
the organisations, the standardization of services which are shared and increasing efficiency
through scale also benefited the company up to great extent. Mr. Pessirini was the in charge or
handler of GBS within company and on the other hand services are being used by him to
5
performing the role of managing and controlling the information of an enterprise so that it can be
used to monitoring the system which further support toward maintaining the governance.
Information governance is the management process which balance the use of data and
information's securities. It provide help to the organisation along with legal conformation and
transparency in their work. Various entities use IG system for the consistency and legal
framework. Which provide help to the employees have handle huge number of data by using
different policies and procedures.
Information governance plays an essential role within an organisation as per discussed
above in case study of Procter and Gamble as it support toward enhancing the quality of
operations performed within a company (Braglia and Frosolini, 2014). As information
governance work toward ensuring the accurate and authenticated information should be
transmitted to the required department on timely bases so that informed actions can be taken
without any delays. But in order to maintain information governance effectively, senior leaders
must poses certain roles and responsibilities.
The senior management is responsible for ensuring that information system can be
managed effectively which is well demonstrated in the case study of Procter and Gamble. One
among them is that, company tries to keep its sales high and in demand by assuring that it
continuously offer new and updated product within market place. As per the given case study it
has been identified that Procter and Gamble uses a detailed analysis which is headed by Chief
Information Officer which is named as Mr. Fillipo Passerini. This is done with the strategy of
using regularly updated data which company uses to increase its sales.
The role of senior leadership is to monitor and organise the entity's information system
and ascertain the implementation of governance policy in managing the information effectively
(Cassettari, 2012). The Procter and Gamble case study depict about the role of leaders where Mr.
Passerini along with other management officers partnered with Global Business Services(GBS) .
This partnership was generally formed with an aim to gain the best tactic transfers across both
the organisations, the standardization of services which are shared and increasing efficiency
through scale also benefited the company up to great extent. Mr. Pessirini was the in charge or
handler of GBS within company and on the other hand services are being used by him to
5
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recognise the shared services in Procter and Gamble. But before this company uses third party
provider in order to serve its IT related requirement.
Senior leadership plays very important role and also have huge responsibility in the
Procter & Gamble organisation. Senior leadership have to lead the informational activities
among the other and it also include the development or implementation of IG on behalf of many
stakeholders. They also have responsibility to build strategies and it can be long term as well as
short term strategies.
From the above role of senior leadership, it has been concluded that CIO of Procter &
Gamble company manage all the strategies, policies, collaborate with various functions and
communicate with stakeholder. To maintain or achieve common goal of the organisation by
reducing risk, avoid data bloat and enhance the inefficiency which reduce the time, risk & money
by using information governance.
But the CIO argued that through outsourcing, Procter and Gamble will have a lowest
possible chance of outsourcing and experiencing innovation because as per their assumption the
outsourced IT agencies would not be capable of understanding company effectively and in
detailed manner as it can be understood by its own employees (Campbell, Jardine and McGlynn,
2016). Therefore, the senior leader consequently decided to enhance their IT capabilities which
further assists them in formulating effective strategies and making right decisions.
3. Critical evaluate the use of information system and technology along with its impact over
staff development, communicational flow and decision making
Information system refers to collect, organise and analysis of large amount of data.
Hence with the help of information system raw information gets converted into useful
information and then used by managers of LAB-IoT Ltd.there are different departments which
are working in order to deal with changes which are taking place in departments of LAB-IoT Ltd
such as purchase, sales, marketing, customer service, etc. information system can be understood
with its components. They are discussed as under-
Hardware- Hardware includes computer system, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc. This
helps in processing of information which helps to perform operations in effective and relevant
manner (Choo, 2013).
Software- This includes programs which helps in organising, processing of information.
6
provider in order to serve its IT related requirement.
Senior leadership plays very important role and also have huge responsibility in the
Procter & Gamble organisation. Senior leadership have to lead the informational activities
among the other and it also include the development or implementation of IG on behalf of many
stakeholders. They also have responsibility to build strategies and it can be long term as well as
short term strategies.
From the above role of senior leadership, it has been concluded that CIO of Procter &
Gamble company manage all the strategies, policies, collaborate with various functions and
communicate with stakeholder. To maintain or achieve common goal of the organisation by
reducing risk, avoid data bloat and enhance the inefficiency which reduce the time, risk & money
by using information governance.
But the CIO argued that through outsourcing, Procter and Gamble will have a lowest
possible chance of outsourcing and experiencing innovation because as per their assumption the
outsourced IT agencies would not be capable of understanding company effectively and in
detailed manner as it can be understood by its own employees (Campbell, Jardine and McGlynn,
2016). Therefore, the senior leader consequently decided to enhance their IT capabilities which
further assists them in formulating effective strategies and making right decisions.
3. Critical evaluate the use of information system and technology along with its impact over
staff development, communicational flow and decision making
Information system refers to collect, organise and analysis of large amount of data.
Hence with the help of information system raw information gets converted into useful
information and then used by managers of LAB-IoT Ltd.there are different departments which
are working in order to deal with changes which are taking place in departments of LAB-IoT Ltd
such as purchase, sales, marketing, customer service, etc. information system can be understood
with its components. They are discussed as under-
Hardware- Hardware includes computer system, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc. This
helps in processing of information which helps to perform operations in effective and relevant
manner (Choo, 2013).
Software- This includes programs which helps in organising, processing of information.
6

Databases- Data base includes use of different tables, columns, files which helps in
complete recording of information.
Network- Network is web of different networks connected to each other. This helps in
managing different information and properly delivery of it.
Procedure- Procedure is proper way which helps in delivering information and in case of
any query proper information can be delivered.
Information system is used in LAB-IoT Ltd at different levels. For instance: at top level,
there is use of official mails in order to deliver information to middle level (DRURY, 2013). At
subordinate level, there is use of different aspects which is crucial in supporting information in
team.
Information technology refers to use of computer for storage, use and networking of
information. This is the medium which helps in delivering information to concern department.
Information technology is the main aspect which is important and relevant to make changes in
working style to work well. These days, there is essential and crucial role of information
technology in LAB-IoT Ltd because it helps to make in proper and smooth running of business
(Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine, 2012). LAB-IoT Ltd deals at globalise level and there are any
products such as Real-Time Analytics and seeking potential energy saving potentials, etc. which
helps to perform changes according to requirement of company.
In context of information technology, there is use of different aspects such as digital
techniques, cloud services, etc. which are part of information technology. LAB-IoT Ltd is the
organisation which has different types of product hence they have different branding strategies
(Duffy, 2013). This helps to attract consumers and purchase product.
For instance: there is use of different social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram,
You Tube, etc. which helps to promote products. There are many product such as Energy
Management System , Electrical Sub station Automation, Intelligent Lighting System,
etc. but managers of LAB-IoT Ltd use different strategies for marketing these products,.
In this case, there is use of attractive marketing and promotional techniques which helps
to increase sales.
There is use of cloud computing which is a platform to collect information from all the
systems at workplace. This is the technique which is used by LAB-IoT Ltd because this
company is dealing in different parts of country. Sometimes, in case of any technical
7
complete recording of information.
Network- Network is web of different networks connected to each other. This helps in
managing different information and properly delivery of it.
Procedure- Procedure is proper way which helps in delivering information and in case of
any query proper information can be delivered.
Information system is used in LAB-IoT Ltd at different levels. For instance: at top level,
there is use of official mails in order to deliver information to middle level (DRURY, 2013). At
subordinate level, there is use of different aspects which is crucial in supporting information in
team.
Information technology refers to use of computer for storage, use and networking of
information. This is the medium which helps in delivering information to concern department.
Information technology is the main aspect which is important and relevant to make changes in
working style to work well. These days, there is essential and crucial role of information
technology in LAB-IoT Ltd because it helps to make in proper and smooth running of business
(Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine, 2012). LAB-IoT Ltd deals at globalise level and there are any
products such as Real-Time Analytics and seeking potential energy saving potentials, etc. which
helps to perform changes according to requirement of company.
In context of information technology, there is use of different aspects such as digital
techniques, cloud services, etc. which are part of information technology. LAB-IoT Ltd is the
organisation which has different types of product hence they have different branding strategies
(Duffy, 2013). This helps to attract consumers and purchase product.
For instance: there is use of different social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram,
You Tube, etc. which helps to promote products. There are many product such as Energy
Management System , Electrical Sub station Automation, Intelligent Lighting System,
etc. but managers of LAB-IoT Ltd use different strategies for marketing these products,.
In this case, there is use of attractive marketing and promotional techniques which helps
to increase sales.
There is use of cloud computing which is a platform to collect information from all the
systems at workplace. This is the technique which is used by LAB-IoT Ltd because this
company is dealing in different parts of country. Sometimes, in case of any technical
7

issue, it is easy to access data from master computer. Hence it assists in smooth running
of business without hampering of operations. This also helps in knowing authenticate
working of employees in LAB-IoT Ltd
Uses of information system and technology
There are many activities which has to be considered by managers of LAB-IoT Ltd while
dealing at international level (Holsapple, 2013). There is difference in demand of consumers as
per change in geographical region,Information technology is used to deal with internal as well as
external parties of LAB-IoT Ltd such as employees, consumers, suppliers, inter- departmental
heads, etc. So there is impact on flow of communication, development of employees and
decision making of managers. Some uses are discussed as under-
Data management- there are many information such as related to accounting, finance,
appraisal policies, records of meeting, etc. which are important and crucial for maintaining
proper working record (vom Brocke, Zelt and Schmiedel, 2016). In this case study, there is
information related to different departments such as information of salary, appraisal policies, etc.
These are some confidential information which are transferred to specific departmental managers
of LAB-IoT Ltd with the help of information technology (Jackson and Farzaneh, 2012). There is
use of mail to deliver appropriate and relevant information. These information are stored with
computer hence in this case there is use of information system for the purpose of communication.
With this there is relevant and specified information and proper flow of communication is
possible in organisation.
While in case proper technology medium is not used by managers of LAB-IoT Ltd, then
irrelevant and wrong information can be delivered with affects business operations in negative
manner. This ultimately affects growth and development of overall association.
Management of stock- LAB-IoT Ltd operates in hardware components like controllers.
Hence it is essential to manage stock which helps to maintain cost and reduces possibilities of
damages for company. In order to achieve it, there is use of different information system and
technology which helps to keep purchases, sales, stock at godown or warehouse, etc. With
effective use of information technology, it is easy to make decisions according to availability of
information (Kwak, Ro and Suk, 2012). With proper information technology about stock at
godown, it is easy for managers to make decisions related to ordering material from factory. This
8
of business without hampering of operations. This also helps in knowing authenticate
working of employees in LAB-IoT Ltd
Uses of information system and technology
There are many activities which has to be considered by managers of LAB-IoT Ltd while
dealing at international level (Holsapple, 2013). There is difference in demand of consumers as
per change in geographical region,Information technology is used to deal with internal as well as
external parties of LAB-IoT Ltd such as employees, consumers, suppliers, inter- departmental
heads, etc. So there is impact on flow of communication, development of employees and
decision making of managers. Some uses are discussed as under-
Data management- there are many information such as related to accounting, finance,
appraisal policies, records of meeting, etc. which are important and crucial for maintaining
proper working record (vom Brocke, Zelt and Schmiedel, 2016). In this case study, there is
information related to different departments such as information of salary, appraisal policies, etc.
These are some confidential information which are transferred to specific departmental managers
of LAB-IoT Ltd with the help of information technology (Jackson and Farzaneh, 2012). There is
use of mail to deliver appropriate and relevant information. These information are stored with
computer hence in this case there is use of information system for the purpose of communication.
With this there is relevant and specified information and proper flow of communication is
possible in organisation.
While in case proper technology medium is not used by managers of LAB-IoT Ltd, then
irrelevant and wrong information can be delivered with affects business operations in negative
manner. This ultimately affects growth and development of overall association.
Management of stock- LAB-IoT Ltd operates in hardware components like controllers.
Hence it is essential to manage stock which helps to maintain cost and reduces possibilities of
damages for company. In order to achieve it, there is use of different information system and
technology which helps to keep purchases, sales, stock at godown or warehouse, etc. With
effective use of information technology, it is easy to make decisions according to availability of
information (Kwak, Ro and Suk, 2012). With proper information technology about stock at
godown, it is easy for managers to make decisions related to ordering material from factory. This
8
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helps to maintain ordering and processing cost. There proper recording of check in and check out
material which helps to maintain cost and possibilities of loss in less.
While this has negative impact because in case company is using old version of
technology, then creates issue in sharing information with external parties of company.
Managing consumer relations- Customers are the main core asset for LAB-IoT Ltd
which helps in increasing sales and revenues of organisation. There are many changes which are
taking place in demand of consumers, so it is essential and relevant for analysing changes an take
actions according to external environment (Laudon and Laudon, 2016). These days, there is use
of social media which is part of information technology for marketing, communicating and
analysing demand of consumers. With the help of official site of LAB-IoT Ltd, Facebook,
Instagram, etc. social media sites, it is easy to collect information and feedback from consumers.
With use of latest technology, workforce of LAB-IoT Ltd is satisfied and they want to
retain in company of longer time because they are getting personal growth from workplace.
Communication is effective and direct with consumer and association which helps to give
familiar environment to consumers (Marchewka, 2014). While with use of social sites, there are
possibilities of negative comment and this affects overall image of company. Hence information
technology is effective for maintaining good relations with consumer by frequent solving issues
of consumers.
As per case study it is clear that information system and technology is important and
relevant for performing operations in effective and smooth manner. There are many changes
which are taking place in demand of consumer, it can be identified with use of digital technology
(Prajogo and Olhager, 2012). There is requirement of some information for corporate offices,
regional offices which can be collected with the help of information system and information
techniques.
In the LAB-IoT Ltd company, IT infrastructure include the proper infrastructure,
software and involvement of human resources which help the organisation to deliver effective
information system for the internal users. Software is important for the entity as hardware
because it is related to the productivity applications and it include ERP & CRM. Some of the
purchase by the company and some of the applications developed by it's own. People of the
LAB-IoT Ltd company use the IG for the effective information system. They all are responsible
9
material which helps to maintain cost and possibilities of loss in less.
While this has negative impact because in case company is using old version of
technology, then creates issue in sharing information with external parties of company.
Managing consumer relations- Customers are the main core asset for LAB-IoT Ltd
which helps in increasing sales and revenues of organisation. There are many changes which are
taking place in demand of consumers, so it is essential and relevant for analysing changes an take
actions according to external environment (Laudon and Laudon, 2016). These days, there is use
of social media which is part of information technology for marketing, communicating and
analysing demand of consumers. With the help of official site of LAB-IoT Ltd, Facebook,
Instagram, etc. social media sites, it is easy to collect information and feedback from consumers.
With use of latest technology, workforce of LAB-IoT Ltd is satisfied and they want to
retain in company of longer time because they are getting personal growth from workplace.
Communication is effective and direct with consumer and association which helps to give
familiar environment to consumers (Marchewka, 2014). While with use of social sites, there are
possibilities of negative comment and this affects overall image of company. Hence information
technology is effective for maintaining good relations with consumer by frequent solving issues
of consumers.
As per case study it is clear that information system and technology is important and
relevant for performing operations in effective and smooth manner. There are many changes
which are taking place in demand of consumer, it can be identified with use of digital technology
(Prajogo and Olhager, 2012). There is requirement of some information for corporate offices,
regional offices which can be collected with the help of information system and information
techniques.
In the LAB-IoT Ltd company, IT infrastructure include the proper infrastructure,
software and involvement of human resources which help the organisation to deliver effective
information system for the internal users. Software is important for the entity as hardware
because it is related to the productivity applications and it include ERP & CRM. Some of the
purchase by the company and some of the applications developed by it's own. People of the
LAB-IoT Ltd company use the IG for the effective information system. They all are responsible
9

for the IT infrastructure it help the company to secure their data make it authentic for the use and
provide securities through information system.
LAB-IoT Ltd required to build IT infrastructure in the Organisation which help the
business to run their activities in effective way. Because if company not follow the latest
technology in their organisation than it will not able to give tough competition to their
competitors. Even survival become difficult for the LAB-IoT Ltd company. Organisation will
take long to to complete their operational functions and it will consume more time and money
which is affordable by the organisation. Because they have to beat lots of competitors so they
need to follow latest technology to become stable in the market.
THE cloud services defines as dynamic scale to meet the needs of it's consumers. It is a
service offered to it's users on demand via the internet from cloud computing. If company uses
cloud services the gap between the customers and the suppliers can be reduced to a large extend .
As the gap is minimized effective decision can be taken by the company and also efficiency of
staff will boost up by its use on the current atmosphere which directly or indirectly influence
productivity. Social media is referred as the applications that is figured out in such a way that
allow people to exchange ideas,thoughts efficiently and in real times. It plays a critical role in
helping company to take relevant decisions towards the employees work efficiency. Social media
is a platform where both buyers and seller improves awareness about their product and brand
which directly or indirectly boost the sales of the product. Company can take more reliable
decisions for the upliftment of it's employees
4 Possible improvements required in use of information system for achieving business
goals, effective communication and decision making in association
From the above discussion, it is clear that there is requirement of some improvements in
working style which is important and relevant for getting positive outcomes. With improvement
in digital technology, it is easy to make changes which are important and significant for efficient
working of organisation (IMoran and Morner, 2017). From the above discussion it is clear that
there is requirement of some changes which is relevant and significant for making proper
working of LAB-IoT Ltd. Improvements in information system can be done with the help of
involvement of managers of LAB-IoT Ltd and workforce.
Some improvements are discussed as under-
10
provide securities through information system.
LAB-IoT Ltd required to build IT infrastructure in the Organisation which help the
business to run their activities in effective way. Because if company not follow the latest
technology in their organisation than it will not able to give tough competition to their
competitors. Even survival become difficult for the LAB-IoT Ltd company. Organisation will
take long to to complete their operational functions and it will consume more time and money
which is affordable by the organisation. Because they have to beat lots of competitors so they
need to follow latest technology to become stable in the market.
THE cloud services defines as dynamic scale to meet the needs of it's consumers. It is a
service offered to it's users on demand via the internet from cloud computing. If company uses
cloud services the gap between the customers and the suppliers can be reduced to a large extend .
As the gap is minimized effective decision can be taken by the company and also efficiency of
staff will boost up by its use on the current atmosphere which directly or indirectly influence
productivity. Social media is referred as the applications that is figured out in such a way that
allow people to exchange ideas,thoughts efficiently and in real times. It plays a critical role in
helping company to take relevant decisions towards the employees work efficiency. Social media
is a platform where both buyers and seller improves awareness about their product and brand
which directly or indirectly boost the sales of the product. Company can take more reliable
decisions for the upliftment of it's employees
4 Possible improvements required in use of information system for achieving business
goals, effective communication and decision making in association
From the above discussion, it is clear that there is requirement of some improvements in
working style which is important and relevant for getting positive outcomes. With improvement
in digital technology, it is easy to make changes which are important and significant for efficient
working of organisation (IMoran and Morner, 2017). From the above discussion it is clear that
there is requirement of some changes which is relevant and significant for making proper
working of LAB-IoT Ltd. Improvements in information system can be done with the help of
involvement of managers of LAB-IoT Ltd and workforce.
Some improvements are discussed as under-
10

Managers must use of proper techniques which helps to deliver proper and authentic
information within reasonable time. This can be performed with mail, mobile technology,
online conferencing, etc. which helps to convey proper information. This helps to give
decision making capability to workforce and best decisions can be made in effective and
relevant manner.
IT department must keep changes their software and use latest so information can proper
delivered to external parties. This helps to maintain long term relations with workers
because they have knowledge about new techniques. This helps in their personal skills.
There must be use of proper safety and security techniques which reduces possibility of
theft of information and competitors are not able to get confidential and relevant
information (LPetronio, 2013).
There must be proper training to employees, when some new information technology tool
is installed in organisation. This helps in getting perception in actions of employees and
team.There is requirement of providing education with conference and seminars which
provides information about important and relevant information and workers may feel free
to ask queries.
Communication must be done with technique, so managers at distant office can contact
proper such as conference call. This helps to get revert from personnel at the same time
and reduces possibilities of miscommunication.
In case of negative comment on social media sites, it is responsibility of LAB-IoT Ltd to
deal with them in effective manner in order to provide satisfaction. After resolution of
issue, their positive comment must be highlighted. This helps to make proper
communication with consumers and among different department.
Managers of must use business phones, so it is easy to provide relevant information
within minimum time. This helps to make decisions according to requirement and
alterations according current market.
Recommendations for the LAB-IoT Ltd company: -
LAB-IoT Ltd have to modify their application software which increase the efficiency and
also improve the effectiveness of information system by using IT.
Organisation have to recruit highly skilled people who have knowledge of different
technology used in the LAB-IoT Ltd company.
11
information within reasonable time. This can be performed with mail, mobile technology,
online conferencing, etc. which helps to convey proper information. This helps to give
decision making capability to workforce and best decisions can be made in effective and
relevant manner.
IT department must keep changes their software and use latest so information can proper
delivered to external parties. This helps to maintain long term relations with workers
because they have knowledge about new techniques. This helps in their personal skills.
There must be use of proper safety and security techniques which reduces possibility of
theft of information and competitors are not able to get confidential and relevant
information (LPetronio, 2013).
There must be proper training to employees, when some new information technology tool
is installed in organisation. This helps in getting perception in actions of employees and
team.There is requirement of providing education with conference and seminars which
provides information about important and relevant information and workers may feel free
to ask queries.
Communication must be done with technique, so managers at distant office can contact
proper such as conference call. This helps to get revert from personnel at the same time
and reduces possibilities of miscommunication.
In case of negative comment on social media sites, it is responsibility of LAB-IoT Ltd to
deal with them in effective manner in order to provide satisfaction. After resolution of
issue, their positive comment must be highlighted. This helps to make proper
communication with consumers and among different department.
Managers of must use business phones, so it is easy to provide relevant information
within minimum time. This helps to make decisions according to requirement and
alterations according current market.
Recommendations for the LAB-IoT Ltd company: -
LAB-IoT Ltd have to modify their application software which increase the efficiency and
also improve the effectiveness of information system by using IT.
Organisation have to recruit highly skilled people who have knowledge of different
technology used in the LAB-IoT Ltd company.
11
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Manager of the company must use the technology for the communication such as every
employee use the Bluetooth phones for the regular connectivity which will save the time
and build team work.
5) Critically analyse the importance of security in information management LAB-IoT Ltd
Information plays an important role in the success of organisation as it assist companies
to modify their pre set strategies which makes the company dynamic in nature. There are
different types of threats from which LAB-IoT Ltd have to save their confidential information
like viruses, worms, hackers, rootkits, social engineering, botnets etc. These factors can destroy
the goodwill of company as if essential information is given to the wrong person then they can
take the advantage of it by any means. For instance, LAB-IoT Ltd has lots and lots of
information which consist of information regarding customers, strategic plan of company, trade
secret, business plans, company's financial results, customers needs etc, stored in various
advanced level drivers and if it is destroyed by external threat through placing virus then it will
huge blow to the company and LAB-IoT Ltd might never get recover from this loss. In this
competitive world, with the help of data, company can find out needs, demands and preferences
of potential customers without knowing them. There are many software like Hadoop or cloud
based analytics which LAB-IoT Ltd is using to store their data and use it efficiently while
making strategies for different types of products they offered. Main aim of company is to make
the information secured so that unauthorized person can not see the confidential report. This
could be achieve by following three rules i.e., confidentiality, integrity and availability. Integrity
refers to safe-conduct of accuracy and completeness of information as while storing data if it gets
deleted or misplaced then it is of no use for company and incurs losses as well. Moreover, it also
assist management of company while making new product for new or existing customers. But on
the other side, there are many drawbacks of data also like company can not be fully sure while
using information in their decision making process as if it is wrongly stored then result comes
after analysing that data will also be wrong. According to the given case study, information
security refers to collection of techniques used by company to keep organisation information safe
from unauthorized person. Various importance of information security in LAB-IoT Ltd is given
below, As LAB-IoT Ltd is one of the pioneer company in the world because they are constantly
conducting customer research so that their needs and demands would be identified by them.
While transmitting the analysis of research to the management, if it is leaked by other
12
employee use the Bluetooth phones for the regular connectivity which will save the time
and build team work.
5) Critically analyse the importance of security in information management LAB-IoT Ltd
Information plays an important role in the success of organisation as it assist companies
to modify their pre set strategies which makes the company dynamic in nature. There are
different types of threats from which LAB-IoT Ltd have to save their confidential information
like viruses, worms, hackers, rootkits, social engineering, botnets etc. These factors can destroy
the goodwill of company as if essential information is given to the wrong person then they can
take the advantage of it by any means. For instance, LAB-IoT Ltd has lots and lots of
information which consist of information regarding customers, strategic plan of company, trade
secret, business plans, company's financial results, customers needs etc, stored in various
advanced level drivers and if it is destroyed by external threat through placing virus then it will
huge blow to the company and LAB-IoT Ltd might never get recover from this loss. In this
competitive world, with the help of data, company can find out needs, demands and preferences
of potential customers without knowing them. There are many software like Hadoop or cloud
based analytics which LAB-IoT Ltd is using to store their data and use it efficiently while
making strategies for different types of products they offered. Main aim of company is to make
the information secured so that unauthorized person can not see the confidential report. This
could be achieve by following three rules i.e., confidentiality, integrity and availability. Integrity
refers to safe-conduct of accuracy and completeness of information as while storing data if it gets
deleted or misplaced then it is of no use for company and incurs losses as well. Moreover, it also
assist management of company while making new product for new or existing customers. But on
the other side, there are many drawbacks of data also like company can not be fully sure while
using information in their decision making process as if it is wrongly stored then result comes
after analysing that data will also be wrong. According to the given case study, information
security refers to collection of techniques used by company to keep organisation information safe
from unauthorized person. Various importance of information security in LAB-IoT Ltd is given
below, As LAB-IoT Ltd is one of the pioneer company in the world because they are constantly
conducting customer research so that their needs and demands would be identified by them.
While transmitting the analysis of research to the management, if it is leaked by other
12

competitors then they would make their products accordingly. Or on the other side, hacker can
steal the information and can sell to competitors for monetary value. There are many customers
who buys product from LAB-IoT Ltd through online transaction so while buying, all the
confidential information like credit card details, pin code, personal data is stored in the server of
LAB-IoT Ltd. If it is leaked by some hacker then they can use it for their personal use which
leads to bad publicity of company. It also affects the goodwill and balance sheet of company in a
negative way. Moreover if company has high tech security then it could remove various internal
factors of LAB-IoT Ltd. For instance, information shared within an organisation is according to
the position person holds in the company, so if lower level employees are not authorize for
specific information then they can not see it so this makes the data more secured. Security of
information assist company to make their information easily available with updateness, flexible,
efficient etc. For LAB-IoT Ltd management, time is money and if security is disrupted by some
unexpected events then essential functioning of company would be affected which will attracts
loss to the company. So by ensuring that data is secured in the servers, LAB-IoT Ltd can save
lots of money in a year which is a positive sign for their growth. To make their information
secured from outside and internal threats, LAB-IoT Ltd has made various systems like anti virus
for tackling virus and worms, anti spyware to detect external individual IP address so that culprit
could be find out, firewalls so that systems would be save from trojans, secured server so that
unauthorized person can not check their confidential information and at last various backups are
made of every data so that if one gets crash then company won't get affected from it.
So it can be concluded from above mentioned information that company have to save
their data from various sources like internal dangers which includes spies of different companies,
external threats includes hackers, viruses etc. Data breach is inversely proportionate to goodwill
of company as if it gets leaked then it will decrease goodwill of LAB-IoT Ltd and vice versa.
In the LAB-IoT Ltd organisation information security provide the network stability
which provide the assurance to the customers that data is secure. Beach of secularity system
affect the sale of business, consumer service, workflow or employees productivity. Another
importance of security in the information management is to increase the interest of insurance
companies to how they secure their information. Continuous improvement in the IT services and
their practices can increase the efficiency of work and effectiveness. So basically, security play
very important role in the information management by providing various facilities and functions.
13
steal the information and can sell to competitors for monetary value. There are many customers
who buys product from LAB-IoT Ltd through online transaction so while buying, all the
confidential information like credit card details, pin code, personal data is stored in the server of
LAB-IoT Ltd. If it is leaked by some hacker then they can use it for their personal use which
leads to bad publicity of company. It also affects the goodwill and balance sheet of company in a
negative way. Moreover if company has high tech security then it could remove various internal
factors of LAB-IoT Ltd. For instance, information shared within an organisation is according to
the position person holds in the company, so if lower level employees are not authorize for
specific information then they can not see it so this makes the data more secured. Security of
information assist company to make their information easily available with updateness, flexible,
efficient etc. For LAB-IoT Ltd management, time is money and if security is disrupted by some
unexpected events then essential functioning of company would be affected which will attracts
loss to the company. So by ensuring that data is secured in the servers, LAB-IoT Ltd can save
lots of money in a year which is a positive sign for their growth. To make their information
secured from outside and internal threats, LAB-IoT Ltd has made various systems like anti virus
for tackling virus and worms, anti spyware to detect external individual IP address so that culprit
could be find out, firewalls so that systems would be save from trojans, secured server so that
unauthorized person can not check their confidential information and at last various backups are
made of every data so that if one gets crash then company won't get affected from it.
So it can be concluded from above mentioned information that company have to save
their data from various sources like internal dangers which includes spies of different companies,
external threats includes hackers, viruses etc. Data breach is inversely proportionate to goodwill
of company as if it gets leaked then it will decrease goodwill of LAB-IoT Ltd and vice versa.
In the LAB-IoT Ltd organisation information security provide the network stability
which provide the assurance to the customers that data is secure. Beach of secularity system
affect the sale of business, consumer service, workflow or employees productivity. Another
importance of security in the information management is to increase the interest of insurance
companies to how they secure their information. Continuous improvement in the IT services and
their practices can increase the efficiency of work and effectiveness. So basically, security play
very important role in the information management by providing various facilities and functions.
13

Such as secure information, manage huge number of data, provide storage facilities, collect
information from various places without any risk and lastly provide the safeguard to the
information. Organisation need to adopt latest technology for the effective production or if it is
not happen than it will reduce the productivity as well as increase the time to complete task and it
become expensive for the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, concept of managing information system is clear. As there
are many department so it is responsibility of manager to deliver and share information in
effective and significant manner. Information governance and security are two essential
components which helps in delivering information from one department to another. This helps
top make proper confidentiality of information and helps to deliver authentic and relevant
information to concern department or personnel. There are some roles and responsibnilities
which has to be considered by leaders such as monitoring and organising information
technology, motivating workforce, etc. There are some uses of information technology and
system such as data management, managing consumer relations, etc. which helps to get positive
impact on sales and revenues. There are some measures which is required to be accepted by
organisation in using information technology and system such as use of latest version, business
phones, social sites, proper confidentiality, etc. At last there is discussion about use of security in
information system. This helps to use information by authentic person and for legal purpose.
14
information from various places without any risk and lastly provide the safeguard to the
information. Organisation need to adopt latest technology for the effective production or if it is
not happen than it will reduce the productivity as well as increase the time to complete task and it
become expensive for the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, concept of managing information system is clear. As there
are many department so it is responsibility of manager to deliver and share information in
effective and significant manner. Information governance and security are two essential
components which helps in delivering information from one department to another. This helps
top make proper confidentiality of information and helps to deliver authentic and relevant
information to concern department or personnel. There are some roles and responsibnilities
which has to be considered by leaders such as monitoring and organising information
technology, motivating workforce, etc. There are some uses of information technology and
system such as data management, managing consumer relations, etc. which helps to get positive
impact on sales and revenues. There are some measures which is required to be accepted by
organisation in using information technology and system such as use of latest version, business
phones, social sites, proper confidentiality, etc. At last there is discussion about use of security in
information system. This helps to use information by authentic person and for legal purpose.
14
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S. and Hanken, M. A., 2014. Health Information-E-Book: Management
of a Strategic Resource. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Brabazon, T., 2016. The University of Google: Education in the (post) information age.
Routledge.
Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M., 2014. An integrated approach to implement project management
information systems within the extended enterprise. International Journal of Project
Management. 32(1). pp.18-29.
Campbell, J. D., Jardine, A. K. and McGlynn, J. eds., 2016. Asset management excellence:
optimizing equipment life-cycle decisions. CRC Press.
Cassettari, S. ed., 2012. Introduction to integrated geo-information management. Springer
Science & Business Media.
Choo, C. W., 2013. Information culture and organizational effectiveness. International Journal
of Information Management. 33(5). pp.775-779.
DRURY, C. M., 2013. Management and cost accounting. Springer.
Duffy, J. R., 2013. Motor Speech Disorders-E-Book: Substrates, Differential Diagnosis, and
Management. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Holsapple, C. ed., 2013. Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters (Vol. 1).
Springer Science & Business Media.
Jackson, T. W. and Farzaneh, P., 2012. Theory-based model of factors affecting information
overload. International Journal of Information Management. 32(6). pp.523-532.
Kwak, B., Ro, B. T. and Suk, I., 2012. The composition of top management with general counsel
and voluntary information disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 54(1).
pp.19-41.
Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education
India.
Marchewka, J. T., 2014. Information technology project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Moran, B. B. and Morner, C. J., 2017. Library and information center management. ABC-CLIO.
Petronio, S., 2013. Brief status report on communication privacy management theory. Journal of
Family Communication. 13(1). pp.6-14.
Prajogo, D. and Olhager, J., 2012. Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of
long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration.
International Journal of Production Economics. 135(1). pp.514-522.
Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R. and Magazine, M. eds., 2012. Quantitative models for supply chain
management (Vol. 17). Springer Science & Business Media.
vom Brocke, J., Zelt, S. and Schmiedel, T., 2016. On the role of context in business process
management. International Journal of Information Management. 36(3). pp.486-495.
Von Krogh, G., 2012. How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a
strategic research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems. 21(2). pp.154-
164.
Vukšić, V. B., Bach, M. P. and Popovič, A., 2013. Supporting performance management with
business process management and business intelligence: A case analysis of integration
and orchestration. International journal of information management. 33(4). pp.613-619.
15
Books and Journals
Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S. and Hanken, M. A., 2014. Health Information-E-Book: Management
of a Strategic Resource. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Brabazon, T., 2016. The University of Google: Education in the (post) information age.
Routledge.
Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M., 2014. An integrated approach to implement project management
information systems within the extended enterprise. International Journal of Project
Management. 32(1). pp.18-29.
Campbell, J. D., Jardine, A. K. and McGlynn, J. eds., 2016. Asset management excellence:
optimizing equipment life-cycle decisions. CRC Press.
Cassettari, S. ed., 2012. Introduction to integrated geo-information management. Springer
Science & Business Media.
Choo, C. W., 2013. Information culture and organizational effectiveness. International Journal
of Information Management. 33(5). pp.775-779.
DRURY, C. M., 2013. Management and cost accounting. Springer.
Duffy, J. R., 2013. Motor Speech Disorders-E-Book: Substrates, Differential Diagnosis, and
Management. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Holsapple, C. ed., 2013. Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters (Vol. 1).
Springer Science & Business Media.
Jackson, T. W. and Farzaneh, P., 2012. Theory-based model of factors affecting information
overload. International Journal of Information Management. 32(6). pp.523-532.
Kwak, B., Ro, B. T. and Suk, I., 2012. The composition of top management with general counsel
and voluntary information disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 54(1).
pp.19-41.
Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education
India.
Marchewka, J. T., 2014. Information technology project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Moran, B. B. and Morner, C. J., 2017. Library and information center management. ABC-CLIO.
Petronio, S., 2013. Brief status report on communication privacy management theory. Journal of
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<https://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/IT>.
What Are Information Systems? - Definition & Types. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
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16
environmental performance: Empirical evidence from China. International Journal of
Information Management. 35(2). pp.160-170.
Wiig, K., 2012. People-focused knowledge management. Routledge.
William East, E., Nisbet, N. and Liebich, T., 2012. Facility management handover model view.
Journal of computing in civil engineering. 27(1). pp.61-67.
Online
Information Technology (IT). 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/IT>.
What Are Information Systems? - Definition & Types. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-information-systems-definition-types-quiz.html>.
16
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