Information Security Report

This report delves into the realm of information security, highlighting significant cyber threats such as phishing and ransomware attacks. It discusses the implications of these threats on organizations and individuals, particularly focusing on the WannaCry ransomware incident and its impact on global systems. The report emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity measures and provides insights into preventive strategies to safeguard sensitive data.

Running Head: INFORMATION SECURITY
INFORMATION SECURITY
Name of the Student
Name of the University

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Executive Summary
There is a different set of terminology in Information Security. These security are
sometimes get effected and endangered by threats or an actions that has the capability to defeat
the security measure and hence result in a loss of confidential data. Information security protects
the integrity, confidentiality and availability of the information in the stored devices.

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Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................3
Part A: Computer Security Breaches that occurred during April-August 2017..................3
References............................................................................................................................5
Part B: Research on May 2017 Ransomware Cyber-Attack................................................7
1. What was the problem?...............................................................................................7
2. Who were effected and how?......................................................................................7
3. How was the attack carried out?..................................................................................7
4. What could have been done to prevent the attack?......................................................8
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................8
References............................................................................................................................8

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Introduction
Operating system security are techniques to ensure the Operating System integrity. There
are specific steps and measures that are used for the protection of OS from treats, viruses,
malwares, hacking and most importantly breaches (Marsh, 2017). Data Breach refers to the
incidents where sensitive, confidential and protected information and data has been used, stolen
or has unauthorized accessed and viewed the data. This data breaching concept may involve PII
(Personal Identifiable Information), PHI (Personal Health Information), intellectual property or
trade secrets etc. For protecting the data and information from getting hacked and protect against
data breaches, cryptography techniques are studied and practiced, for securing communication in
the presence of third party known as the adversaries. This is a technique of storing and
transmitting data in some particular form such that only the authorized party would be able read
and process the file.
Part A: Computer Security Breaches that occurred during April-August 2017
In this section we are selecting the Data breach occurred in Gmail in the month of May
2017 “Massive Phishing Attack Targeted Gmail Users”. It was generally known as the
sophisticated phishing scam that was targeted to gain access to the accounts by a third-party app
in public Gmail accounts. The scenario was that the accounts was depicted as from the user’s
trusted contacts and were notified to the individuals if they want to share the Google Doc with
the malicious app(Alazab & Broadhurst, 2017). On clicking the link once the real security page
of Google is opened. On reaching the security page the person was provoked to allow usage of
fake Docs app of the Google such that to manage the customer’s email account.

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This massive phishing attack had a prior sophistication that targeted only the Gmail users
seeking for gaining control over the entire history and confidential documents that has been
spread all over the other contacts. This left the millions of Gmail users to risk in phishing scam.
There the worm, that arrived in the inboxes of the users posed as emails of their trusted
contact. On giving permission to the fake app these poses as GDoc that represented to manage
the user account. The worm further spread itself out of the affected users contact such that others
entrusting their respective contact list do the same or reproducing several times such that anytime
the user gets stuck (Ryder, 2016).
Phishing trend in data breach has become one of the most easily operated breaching
systems since the evolvement of the cybercriminal marketplace. Here the attackers cooperates
and connects to specializing their skills in phishing kits or else sells the data to some scammers
who are willing to conduct the phishing campaigns (Khosla & Dubey, 2016). These scamming
are reported as increasing in the number day by day and sophistication of phishing attempts and
so targets some of the specific department within the organizations. The engineering that are
involved in this kind of data breaching attacks are more sophisticated and targeted. These sites or
organization seeks for ongoing relationship that validates the access to the company information
by building trust rather than just sending generic scams to the large number of customers of the
company. Many prime businesses are targeted and face such scams. And as assumed that the
technology can provide protection is generally the false one (Paté‐Cornell, 2017).
As per the Google CEO, it was explained that the worm was a common one, but because
of its extraordinary approach and unusually sophisticated construction there created a havoc
within the millions of Gmail users. The link in the Gmail account appeared remarkably realistic

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and trustworthy but was made for the data breaching of the Gmail users. The worm came from
someone the user already knew or from the real login system of payload manipulated Google.
It was updated from the Google that the malicious account was disabled further and
pushed updated security system to the users. The exposure of this vulnerability took only an hour
and was told in the news channel which reported that only 0.1 percent of the total Gmail users
were affected. It has been advised that if there is any malicious act in the users profile then the
user may check Google’s Security Checkup page. This helps to see if there is any third party app
have granted access to the user account. In the presence of this fake Google Doc app there is a
way to revoke access such that to protect the privacy of the account.
There is some Email security advised for the individual as well as for the organization
since there are some obvious targets for the cybercriminals to get the access and create breaches
from the email id. Some of the personal level that are meant by remaining vigilant by not
disclosing the emails send from unknown users/senders, searching for padlocks and hence
checking all the encrypted on sites where one enters sensitive data and not using unsecure
networks. For organizations for remaining vigilant by deploying the encryption of the email
wherever possible, scanning the email for malwares, spam’s and phishing and implementing the
web security to block the access to identify the phishing sites (Liang, 2017).
Google puts a barrier to the scam within an hour and hence the organization eliminates
almost 1 million users those who got affected by this breaching.

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References
Alazab, M., & Broadhurst, R. (2017). An Analysis of the Nature of Spam as Cybercrime. In
Cyber-Physical Security (pp. 251-266). Springer International Publishing.
Khosla, P., & Dubey, P. (2016). Survey Paper on Cyber Crime: A Threat to National Security.
IITM Journal of Management and IT, 7(1), 62-65.
Liang, G., Weller, S. R., Zhao, J., Luo, F., & Dong, Z. Y. (2017). The 2015 ukraine blackout:
Implications for false data injection attacks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 32(4),
3317-3318.
Marsh, D. (2017). Are Ethical Hackers the Best Solution for Combating the Growing World of
Cyber-Crime? (Doctoral dissertation, University Honors College, Middle Tennessee State
University).
Paté‐Cornell, M., Kuypers, M., Smith, M., & Keller, P. (2017). Cyber Risk Management for
Critical Infrastructure: A Risk Analysis Model and Three Case Studies. Risk Analysis.
Ryder, N. (2016). Cyber crime and terrorist financing.

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Part B: Research on May 2017 Ransomware Cyber-Attack
On May 12th 2017, a cyber-attack took place known as the Ransomware WannaCry. This
spread over the world beating thousands of targeted users, which included large corporations and
public utilities. WannaCry is an attack on the computer system which has mainly window based
operating system. It is considered as a cyber attack which hit the global market. The WannaCry
is a virus (Pei et al., 2016). The main concept of the attack was that the virus would encrypt all
the files and other information in the computer system and it would directly demand for ransom
in order to decrypt the files. The ransom was asked mainly in the form of bit coin crypto
currency. This cyber attack crippled temporarily the National Health Service hospitals and other
facilities in the states of United Kingdom. Created a chaos within the British patients, created
havoc in the emergency rooms, and delayed many vital medical procedures.
1. What was the problem?
There was a prolific hacking attack called the ransomware which held the computer
hostage until and unless they pay the amount to the ransom. The crypto currency is mainly a
asset which is in digital form which is designed to work as per a medium which can be used as a
exchange. As per it was estimated that around 230000 computers all over the world were victim
of the thread which was conducted in 150 countries around the world (Nayak, Mishra & Ram,
2016). The virus was considered mainly as a network worm which has the capability of moving
from one machine to another, it used EthernalBlue to exploit the window system in order to gain
access over the system. The files or the system which are usually affected by the attack usually
displayed a ransom note as a technique of the demand of the bitcoin (Babu & Sasankar, 2017).

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2. Who were affected and how?
The first attack of WannaCry was heard from the UK's health service. This was one of
the major computer systems hacking till date. This was also called the WannaCrypt.
The infected computer gets encrypted by the malicious attacker or scrambles all the
information and data. The programmer puts a screen demanding for the money for getting back
the access to the computer or the network. Typically as the time passes the price amount gets
higher and until the end of the countdown all the documents gets destroyed. Technology
innovations are taking place in very sphere and in every aspect. But it is always taken into
consideration that with every technological aspect their always lies some technological risk,
these risk are directly linked with the technology. The main affected parts with the virus lied in
every angle that can be thought of, from big organization to hospitals to emergency services. It
was reported that in major organization the virus was infected and important data was accessed
(Michael, 2017). The result of the attack was the important information related to the
organization was in the encrypted form. In the field of medical the hospitals equipment displayed
the message of the virus and ransom was asked in order for their proper working. This affected
the overall working of the machine and the overall working of the hospitals who were affected.
The emergency aspect where also a affected area. The attack stagnated the overall working of the
service due to the attack.
3. How was the attack carried out?
The attack was carried out merely by an unwanted message or attached to a downloading
file. The attack would directly infect the overall data areas in the system and access the root of
operating system. The file after the attack are encrypted, by which the files cannot be no longer
be accessed. The access can be done by paying ransom money in the form of bitcoin (Pei et al.,

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2016). This could be very much critical if it is related to services where it directly related to
some very important files relating to an organization or an emergency service aspect.
4. What could have been done to prevent the attack?
The affected company or organization by the ransomware attack could have followed
some of the following steps such that to prevent themselves from further data breaches:
 Keeping the original files along with the back ups
 Not enabling macros
 Using antivirus scans
 Encrypting the network system and not giving the access to any third party user
 Ensuring and updating the software or any network for getting further data
breached.
 Installing the Microsoft Office viewer
This implementation would enable the user to see what a word or excel file document
looks like (Morehouse et al., 2017). The viewer in this aspect does not support macros as a result
of which the user doesn’t have to take any consideration regarding the macros.
Conclusion
This can be concluded that that in any online payment portal is one of the most important
aspects which have to deal with and the solution with regards to the problem should be achieved
as soon as possible. The websites which deal with online payment usually comprise of many
vital information which can to be protected. If the stated information is in the hand of any third
person it could lead to a big problem. The security aspect should be considered as a main priority
any aspect of technology.

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References
Babu, C. M., & Sasankar, A. B. (2017). Intrusion Detection Systems for Mobile Ad-Hoc
Networks. International Journal, 5(5).
Komar, M., Sachenko, A., Kochan, V., & Skumin, T. (2016, April). Increasing the resistance of
computer systems towards virus attacks. In Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO),
2016 IEEE 36th International Conference on (pp. 388-390). IEEE.
Michael, D. (2017). Virus Wanna Cry là gì và phòng tránh?| Michael Duy.
Morehouse, M. A., Lovecký, T., Read, H., & Woodman, M. (2017). Quantify? or, Wanna Cry?
Integrating Methods Training in the IR Classroom. International Studies Perspectives,
18(2), 225-245.
Nayak, P. K., Mishra, D., & Ram, S. (2016). Attack of malicious objects in computer network
under antivirus and quarantine defence. International Journal of Applied Engineering
Research, 11(9), 6250-6253.
Pei, Y., Pei, H., Liang, X., & Zhu, M. (2016). Optimal control of a computer virus model with
network attacks. Communications in Mathematical Biology and Neuroscience, 2016,
Article-ID.
Renaud, K. (2017). It makes you Wanna Cry.

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