Report on Business Information System Development Methodologies

This report provides a comprehensive overview of business information systems, focusing on the evolution and impact of various methodologies and technologies over the past 30 years. It delves into key concepts such as information technology, information management strategies, and the development of methodologies like data modeling, structured system development, object-oriented analysis, and the classical systems development life cycle. The report highlights the benefits of these methodologies, including improved communication, better decision-making, and enhanced organizational strategies. It also examines the impact of these methodologies on organizational strategies, providing valuable insights into how businesses can leverage information systems for improved performance and efficiency. The report underscores the importance of these technologies in shaping modern business practices.

Running head: BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Business Information System
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Discussion..................................................................................................................................2
Information Technology.........................................................................................................2
Information Management Strategy........................................................................................3
Development of Methodologies and Technologies of Last 30 Years....................................4
Benefits to Information Management Strategy......................................................................8
Impact of Methodologies on Organizational Strategies.........................................................9
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................9
References................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
Information technology or IT development methodologies could be eventually
developed as the bastion of functionalist and positivist hegemony (Laudon and Laudon
2016). For the past 30 years, there had been some of the major and the most significant
methodologies or technologies that have provided utmost benefit to the several organizations
for creating their information management strategies and also has impacted on the
organizational strategies. Some of these important and significant methodologies of
information technology are the data modelling, structures system development, object
oriented analysis and classical systems life cycle (Bajdor and Grabara 2014).
The following report outlines a brief discussion on the specific development of
various methodologies and technologies for information technology. Some of the most
significant and important methodologies as well as technologies will be properly described
here. Moreover, this report would also focus on only those methodologies and forces that are
being developed in the last 30 years. The benefits that the organizations obtain from these
developments for their information management strategy would also be described here.
Discussion
Information Technology
IT or information technology is the proper utilization of several computers or systems
that help in storing, retrieving, transmitting and finally manipulating the information or data
for any business or organization (Gallagher and Sixsmith 2014). This information technology
is often considered as the subset of the ICT or information and communications technology.
There are three distinct techniques of information technology, which are the techniques for
processing, simulation of the high order thinking with the help of computerized programs and
even the applications of mathematical as well as statistical methodologies for decision

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making (Demir and Krajewski 2013). There are some of the major and the most significant
technologies for information distribution like telephones and televisions. All of these
products and services in the economy are closely associated with the information technology
such as computer hardware, electronic commerce, telecom equipment, semi conductors,
software, internet and many others. This information technology is thus responsible for
allowing all types of business applications (Liu, Liang and Wang 2016). The servers could
eventually interact with the specific client users or the other servers within one or more
networks of business. The information could take up all forms of data like file data, telephony
data, web data and sensor data. Moreover, the storage involves the volatile RAM or random
access memory and even the non volatile tapes, hard disks or solid state flash drives
(Dahlstrom, Walker and Dziuban 2013).
Information Management Strategy
The information management or IM can be stated as the significant procedure,
through which the relevant and important information is eventually provided to the respective
decision makers within specific timely manner (Dahlstrom and Bichsel 2014). The
information management majorly concerns about the cycle of various organizational
activities like acquisition of the information from one or more sources, the distribution of this
information to all of those, who require it and even the ultimate disposition either through
archiving or through deletion (Eason 2014). This particular cycle of the organizational
involvement of information includes the variety of stakeholders and even those who are
solely responsible to assure the overall quality, utility and accessibility of the acquired
information and also those who are eventually responsible for the safe storage as well as
disposal and even those, who require it for the better process of decision making (Bilbao-
Osorio, Dutta and Lanvin 2013). These stakeholders may have the significant rights for
originating, changing, distributing and deleting the information as per the organizational

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policies and procedures of information management. This information management has each
and every generic concept of management like planning, controlling, organizing, evaluating
and finally reporting of the information activities for the core purpose of meeting all the
requirements with the organizational functions and roles that are dependent on the
confidential organizational information (Marchewka 2014).
The information management strategy is the major strategic document, which would
help in aligning the practices of information management for the purpose of meeting or
fulfilling the core requirements of the information governance framework (Kellermann and
Jones 2013). This information management strategy majorly describes the organizational
planned approach for meeting the current as well as the future organizational or regulatory
needs. This strategy set out the major plan for the continual improvement and thus helps in
achieving the objectives in respect to the principles (Holtshouse 2013). The information
management strategy eventually describes the recent state of the information management
within the organization and hence the strengths or weaknesses and even the direction for
improvements. Moreover, the measurable tasks or actions are required to be achieved for
meeting each and every goal of the company (Bloom et al. 2014). The interaction and
consultation are also highlighted in this specific strategy of information management and the
major targets like staffing, funding or the technical systems are also demonstrated in this
strategy.
Development of Methodologies and Technologies of Last 30 Years
There are some of the major and the most significant methodologies and technologies
that have been developed in the last 30 years for providing major benefits to the respective
organization (Lloyd 2017). Amongst them, the most popular and important methodologies
and technologies are the data modelling, structures system development, object oriented

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analysis and classical systems life cycle. The details of these four specified methodologies are
as follows:
i) Data Modelling: The first and the foremost important and noteworthy methodology
that has become quite popular for the organizations is data modelling (Schwalbe 2015). This
is the significant procedure to document the complex software system design as one of the
easiest understandable diagram, with the help of symbols or texts for the core purpose of
representing the method, the confidential data requires to flow (Jiao and Onwuegbuzie 2017).
This particular diagram could be eventually utilized as the blueprint of the construction of the
new software or even for the re engineering of any legacy application. The data models were
built during the major phases of the project like analysis as well as design for ensuring that
each and every requirement for the new application is properly understood. The data model
could be thought of the flowchart, which helps in illustrating the data relationships
(Alwahaishi and Snásel 2013). Although the capturing of each and every possible
relationships within the data model could be extremely time consuming, it is extremely
important for not being rushed.
The well documented logical, physical and the conceptual data models eventually
enable the major stake holders for identifying the errors or flaws and hence making the
changes even before any specific programming code is being written (Wagner, Beimborn and
Weitzel 2014). The respective data modellers could often utilize the several data models for
viewing the similar data and hence ensuring that each and every process, entity, data flow and
relationship has been recognized perfectly. There are four distinct approaches for data
modelling, which are conceptual data modelling, enterprise data modelling, logical data
modelling and physical data modelling (Brooks 2016). The conceptual data modelling
eventually identifies the high level relationships within the various entities. The enterprise
data modelling is same as the conceptual data modelling; however it address the unique needs

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of the business. The third type is the logical data modelling, which substantially illustrates the
specified attributes, relationships and entities that are included within the business functions.
Moreover, it even servers as the basis of creating the physical data models (Wagner, Vollmar
and Wagner 2014). The final or the physical data model helps in representing the application
as well as database specified deployment of the logical data modelling.
ii) Structured System Development: The second methodology that is quite popular
amongst the users for the information management strategy is the structured system
development (Laudon and Laudon 2016). This structured systems as well as the design
methodology is the specific set of the standards for the system analysis or the application
designing. This particular methodology is also termed as the waterfall methodology for the
analysis and design of the information systems. This structured systems and analysis
development methodology is one of the major and the most significant implementation and
hence is built on the work of the various methodologies of structured analysis like structured
designing, soft systems method, structured analysis and structured programming (Bajdor and
Grabara 2014).
There are three distinct techniques of the structured systems and analysis
development, which are logical data modelling, data flow modelling and the entity event
modelling. The logical data modelling is the major procedure to identify, model and
document the major data requirements of the system that is being designed (Gallagher and
Sixsmith 2014). Hence, there is result that comprises of the entities, relationships and
attributes. The second technique is the data flow modelling, which is the procedure that helps
in identification, modelling and documenting of the procedure that how the data is moving
around the information system. Hence, this technique examines the data storage, external
entities, data flows and processes. The third technique is entity event modelling, which is a
two stranded procedure (Demir and Krajewski 2013). This procedure involves the entity

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behaviour modelling, modelling, identifying and finally documenting of the events that could
occur.
iii) Object Oriented Analysis and Design: This is another popular technical approach
that helps to analyse as well as design the system, application and business for applying the
object oriented programming for fostering better communication within stake holders and
better quality of the products (Liu, Liang and Wang 2016). The object oriented analysis and
design is one of the best conducted methodology within the iterative and incremental method.
The iteration is the main feature of this particular methodology and the respective outputs of
the activities of the object oriented analysis and design, these models of analysis for the
object oriented analysis as well as the design models for the object oriented development
respectively are refined and evolved properly. The major factors such as the business values
and risks are noted in this specific methodology (Dahlstrom, Walker and Dziuban 2013).
There are five stages of the object oriented analysis and design methodology, which are
requirements, designing, implementation, verification and finally maintenance of the
products.
iv) Classical System Development Life Cycle: The fourth important and significant
methodology that is being developed in the last 30 years for the information management is
the classical systems development life cycle (Dahlstrom and Bichsel 2014). This systems
development can be stated as the procedure to define, design, test as well as implement the
software application. This type of systems development eventually involves the internal
development of the customized systems and the acquisition of the software that is being
developed by the third parties (Eason 2014). The project of the systems development majorly
involves each and every activity from the time that the potential requirement is being
identified until and unless the system is being completely deployed. This particular systems
development life cycle helps in the creation of systems or models that are utilized for

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developing the systems. The requirements analyses, software designing, software coding,
testing as well as debugging, installation and finally maintenance are the major phases of this
particular life cycle (Bilbao-Osorio, Dutta and Lanvin 2013).
Benefits to Information Management Strategy
The above mentioned four methodologies and technologies provide major advantages
to the information management strategy for any specific organization (Marchewka 2014).
The major benefits that the organization obtain from these specified methodologies are as
follows:
i) Better Communications: The first and the foremost advantage of these specific
methodologies and technologies of the information system for a better management strategy
is the better communication (Kellermann and Jones 2013). Due to this better communication,
it is being utilized by several organizations without any type of complexities. Hence, the
organization does not face any issue regarding their strategies and the information flow is
better.
ii) High Availability of Information: The second important and significant advantage
of all these methodologies for the information management strategy is the higher availability
of information (Holtshouse 2013). This type of availability of information makes the
management of the information extremely easier and better for the organization.
iii) Better Use of Information: The next significant benefit that is being obtained
from all of these methodologies or technologies for the information management strategy is
the better utilization of information.
iv) Easy Implementation of Strategies: Another effective and important advantage of
the methodologies and technologies for the better management of information strategy is the

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easier implementation of the business strategies (Bloom et al. 2014). Since, the steps are
easier, the strategy implementation is also easier for that particular organization.
The above mentioned advantages clearly depict that the organizations are benefitted
from the methodologies and technologies that are developed in the last 30 years.
Impact of Methodologies on Organizational Strategies
There is a strong impact of the various methodologies and technologies on the several
organizational strategies (Jiao and Onwuegbuzie 2017). The major impact is that there is a
greater opportunity for the information systems for the core purpose of improving the
procedure of how the technology could be used for making the organizations extremely
effective as well as efficient than others. The respective enterprise systems, knowledge
management, competence management system, design science, information management and
even the agile management (Alwahaishi and Snásel 2013). The specialists of information
technology obtain some of the most significant advantages with all of these methodologies.
Moreover, the other members of the organization like the managers and any other users are
also benefitted with it. The design of the competence management is increased for the
strategic capabilities (Wagner, Beimborn and Weitzel 2014). The information accessibility,
transformation, delivery and exchange could be done quite easily and promptly with the
information management strategy. Moreover, data replication and the change of data
structure are also possible with these strategies. Another major impact of these methodologies
or technologies on the several organizational strategies is that there is a linear advancement
for accelerating the returns and also by incrementing the network of the organization
(Wagner, Vollmar and Wagner 2014).

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Conclusion
Therefore, from the above discussion, conclusion can be drawn that there are two
distinct types of business drivers, who are responsible for the roper deployment of the best
practices of information technology within any company. The first and the foremost type of
such business drivers refers to the situation, where there are some common knowledge, which
are being shared within several industries like for the need of the actionable knowledge
regarding the customers as well as the respective products for the core purpose of driving the
incremented revenues or the lengthened and enhanced customer relationship. The next
subsequent and noteworthy business driver is that particular situation, where there are certain
features for the analytical as well as operational needs associated with the specified
industries. The information management strategy is extremely vital or important for all
organizations since, the operations with data become easier with this type of strategy. The
above report has clearly depicted the entire development of various technologies and
methodologies for last 30 years and how these developments have provided advantages to the
organizational information management strategy. Moreover, the overall impact of these
methodologies on the organizational strategies are also described in this report.

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References
Alwahaishi, S. and Snásel, V., 2013. Acceptance and use of information and communications
technology: a UTAUT and flow based theoretical model. Journal of technology management
& innovation, 8(2), pp.61-73.
Bajdor, P. and Grabara, I., 2014. The Role of Information System Flows in Fulfilling
Customers’ Individual Orders. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 7(2).
Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S. and Lanvin, B., 2013, April. The global information technology
report 2013. In World Economic Forum (pp. 1-383).
Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2014. The distinct effects of
information technology and communication technology on firm organization. Management
Science, 60(12), pp.2859-2885.
Brooks, D.C., 2016. ECAR study of undergraduate students and information technology (Vol.
4, No. 3, p. 2). 2016.
Dahlstrom, E. and Bichsel, J., 2014. ECAR Study of Undergraduate Students and Information
Technology, 2014. Educause.
Dahlstrom, E., Walker, J.D. and Dziuban, C., 2013. ECAR study of undergraduate students
and information technology (p. 2013). 2013.
Demir, I. and Krajewski, W.F., 2013. Towards an integrated flood information system:
centralized data access, analysis, and visualization. Environmental Modelling & Software, 50,
pp.77-84.
Eason, K.D., 2014. Information technology and organisational change. CRC Press.