Information Systems, Big Data Analysis, and Globalisation Effects

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of information systems and big data, exploring their impact on globalisation, digital infrastructure, and associated risks. It begins by defining information technology and big data analysis, then discusses specific applications like Moodle and MS Office. The report delves into decision support systems (DSS), executive support systems (ESS), transaction processing systems (TPS), and management information systems (MIS), highlighting their roles in enhancing organizational efficiency and decision-making. Furthermore, it examines the effects of IT on globalisation, emphasizing improvements in transportation, trade freedom, communication, and access to skilled labor. The analysis extends to digital infrastructure, discussing its advantages, such as connectivity and economic growth, and disadvantages, including data security concerns and potential for crime. Finally, the report addresses the risks associated with information system outsourcing, focusing on security breaches, loss of control, and dependency on vendors, concluding with the importance of strategic planning and risk management in leveraging information systems and big data effectively.

Information Systems and
Big Data Analysis

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation..............................................................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
Digital Infrastructure..............................................................................................................6
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................7
Risks associated with information system outsourcing..........................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
References .....................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Information Technology is meant by use of technological sources for acquiring and
analysis of information and databases required in company's operations and activities in order to
achieve organisational goals. It includes identification of sources, gathering of data, analysis of
data according to needs, and further representation of data for understanding and decision-
making. Big Data is referred to large size and highly complicated databases from various
information sources. Big data analysis is meant by analysis of this complex and large size data
for further user friendly representation for better understanding of database. Big data analytics is
majorly used to understand large size of database in simple and sorted form for considering
various decision-making (Benitez, Llorens and Braojos, 2018). This assessment will determine
various information and knowledge of Information system and its impacts on economic and
business environment. Furthermore, it will also determine effects of Information system on
globalisation and risk factors of information system outsourcing.
TASK 1
Moodle
Moodle is a free online learning platform for online learning for users with various
courses and course structures. This online platform includes online interaction of students and
tutors for regulating learning. Students are also provided with assignments to be accomplished
for better understanding of courses and structures. Moodle also facilitates in efficient
communication between teachers and students for clarity in understanding of topic.
Moodle has been developed and written in Javascript Programming Language in view of
developing online learning platform and to be distributed under GNU General Public License.
Agile SDLC is the methodology used in design and development of Moodle software
application. This methodology focuses over collective decision-making for short term or short
cycle. It is cyclical method for development of software.
This app was designed for students who are willing to acquire more knowledge and
information but lacks time to reach institutions for attending these additional courses. It provides
a user friendly interface that facilitates in efficient use of this learning platform (Lloyd, 2020).
MS Office
MS Office is a group set of applications to be used for corporate and business functions.
MS Office has been developed by Microsoft for carrying out all necessary tasks and operations

digitally with the use of these apps. It enhances productivity in working environment of
corporate and business organisations for regulating complex and huge tasks easily with better
efficiency. MS Office is set of most used software application globally as it is universally
applicable due to its higher efficiency and effective approach in analysis and determination of
data and content.
Microsoft is written and developed with the use of C++ programming language. This
software is designed and developed to carry out corporate and business operations efficiently and
effectively.
MS Office is comprised of various software and applications useful in facilitating official
and corporate work. These software and applications are MS Excel, MS Word, MS PowerPoint,
MS Outlook, etc. All these software and applications eases working in an company or
organisation efficiently and effectively. Different applications are determined for performing
different tasks involved in routine activities and operations of a company.
TASK 2
DSS (Decision Support System)
Decision Support System is a computerized application applicable and useful in
enhancing capabilities in decision-making. This computer program is used to analyse immense
amount of data and further presentation of analysis to determine foremost available options. DSS
acquires and organises data through different sources available for information and knowledge
apart from usual reports. For instance, this data is taken into consideration for further analysis
and determination of analysed results. This analysis and determination of result includes sales
figures between several weeks, forecasting revenue figures based on sales assumptions,
repercussions of various decisions, etc. Therefore, it results in enhancing efficiency in decision-
making of user.
For example: external databases, various market reports, information of competitors,
financial information and reports, etc.
ESS (Executive Support System).
ESS also known as EIS (Executive information system) is one of the management
support system which facilitates in senior level executive information and decision-making. It
contributes in trouble-free access to relevant internal as well as external information of an
organisation. ESS system is comprised of software, hardware, user interface and

telecommunication (Madon and Krishna, 2018). This system is majorly aimed at providing
insightful information to higher management in order to support strategic planning and tracking
performance. Therefore, this information system enhances decision-making of higher level
management towards success and growth of organisation.
For example: Cambridge Systematics uses ESS to facilitate their process of investment
planning for Transportation Ministry.
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
Transaction Support System is a computerized program that manages and supports
processing of transactions of user. TPS is a information system which is meant to accumulate,
stores, revise and retrieves transactions of data in an enterprise. It is comprised of hardware and
software regulating a transaction-based application that operates essential transactions of a
business. This support system also provides prediction of time for response to pending requests.
TPS is used in various operations and activities which includes management of sales of sales
order entry, reservations, records of employee, manufacturing functions, etc. Major transactions
processed in TPS are Accounting, Order processing, and Purchasing.
For example: Reservation systems, Point of sale terminals, Library Loan system,
generating Bills, etc.
MIS (Management Information System)
Management information system is a organised computer system comprised of hardware
and software that works as backbone in organisation's operations. This system includes study of
organisations, people and technology for understanding coordination and relationship between
them. MIS representatives are engaged in activities and practices for acquiring maximum
benefits from investment of organisation its assets and operations. It provides additional value to
organisation by supporting operations with useful information, management and decision-
making in an organisation (TPark and et.al., 2019). Analysis of MIS includes identification of
problem, performance comparison, market trends, etc. Furthermore, It results in increasing
overall efficiency of organisation and supports strategic planning for carrying out operations.
For example:
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
Knowledge management system is a Information technology system which accumulates
and repossess information/knowledge in order to improve collaboration/coordination,

understanding, and process alignment. Major of KMS are wide enterprise knowledge
management system, intelligent techniques and knowledge work systems. MIS is useful for
understanding internal as well external elements of an enterprise/organisation such as
operations/activities, people, strategies, technology, etc. This information management system
has a universal application regardless of size, industry type, knowledge or information needs, etc.
Companies or enterprises requires a defined system of processes in order to manage flow of
information and knowledge.
For example:
TASK 3
Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
Globalisation is a term used to determine the rising interdependence of economies,
population, and cultures globally with each other (Senivongse and et.al., 2020). This
interdependence is brought about by various components such as cross-border trades of goods
and services, flow of investment, population, information, technology, etc. Globalisation has
been rapidly accelerated since 18th century with the advancement in technology and
transportation. For instance, globalisation has resulted in a positive impact globally and also
being the major factor of development in developed as well as developing countries. In addition
to that, it facilitates in providing access to economies and market for import and export of goods
and services globally. Moreover, people in society are facilitated by globalisation as they now
have access to new markets and products, better and innovative technology, lower costs for
products and services due to huge competition, etc.
Importance of Globalisation
 Betterment in Transportation: With the rise in globalisation, transportation system and
facilities are consistently improvised with being more efficient. Efficient and improvised
transportation system allows trade of goods and services between economies effectively.
 Freedom of Trade: Globalisation has eliminated barriers of trade of goods and services
between nations and economies. For instance, it promotes free and fair trade between two
nations and results in building interdependency and belongingness among these
economies (Zhang, and et. al., 2018).
 Improvised Communications: Enhancement in Technology and global reach facilitated
by Globalisation has resulted in improvement of communications among people of

different region or culture. Furthermore, improvement in communication among people
of different nations or economies allows access in acquiring information and knowledge
and allows facilitates in smooth flow of trade.
 Availability of skilled labour: Access to global markets and nations worldwide has
allowed organisations and companies to reach to their desired and suitable labour
globally. Globalisation has allowed industries in taking advantage of cheap and skilled
labour for carrying out their operations and activities (Torten, Reaiche and Boyle, 2018).
The presence of information technology has diverse effects on the worldwide concept of
globalisation. It facilitates in uncomplicated exchange of knowledge and information across
geographical borders of nations and economies. Access to global market information and
databases of target customers allows accuracy in strategic planning of industries in carrying out
their operations. For instance, IT accelerates globalisation with higher efficiency and
improvisation. People and industries globally are provided with better connectivity and
coordination with access to information and knowledge of various factors and aspects. Another
major effect of information technology on globalisation lies in developing a suitable supply
chain management for cross-border trades of goods and services. For instance, implementation of
IT provides useful information that could help enterprises and companies in important decision-
making. Trades and operations carried out for these cross-border trades are now managed
efficiently and effectively. Furthermore, these positive aspects increases overall productivity of
the organisation by providing access to information and knowledge.
TASK 4
Digital Infrastructure
Digital infrastructure is meant by the technologies which provides support in an
organisation's operations and information technology. It is an digital environment comprised of
various digital technologies that contributes in providing value to organisation's information
technology. Digital infrastructure provides a platform for physical and virtual technological
aspects to be brought together and develop interconnectedness for smooth functioning of
company's operations. Implementation of technology results in increasing efficiency, enhancing
sustainability, and improvising networking for an organisation. Efficient and suitable digital
infrastructure facilitates in reducing cost in carrying out operations and resulting in improving
overall productivity (Voogt and et.al., 2018). Moreover, business environment is comprised of

large number of factors affecting it which is maintained by management with the effective use of
digital infrastructure.
For example; Digital communication mediums, personal computers, software and
applications, broadband, and all other elements providing contribution in management digitally.
These technologies allows user to work upon big databases and information put together easily
with higher accuracy and efficiency. Technologies making up digital infrastructure of a company
facilitates in efficient and effective completion of operations.
Advantages of digital infrastructure
 Connectivity among People and places: Digital infrastructure facilitates in connecting
people of different nations and economies. This positive impact has resulted in effortless
flow of exchange of information and knowledge as well as enhancing social life of
individuals. Connectivity among people promotes trades of goods and services with
appropriate and efficient information.
 Economic growth: International cross-border trades results in overall economic growth
of nations and economies. Digital infrastructure increases connectivity which facilitates
trades among these nations and resulting in economic growth.
 Adapting new technologies: Implementation of digital infrastructure in operations and
activities of organisation/company results in increasing flexibility in working
environment. Furthermore, flexible working environment allows company in adapting
new technologies into working easily and efficiently (Voogt and et.al., 2018).
Disadvantages of digital infrastructure
 Data Security and Privacy concerns: Technological aspects has some pitfalls of which
privacy concern being the foremost and primary disadvantage. Companies has privacy
concern with their confidential information and data.
 Crime: Technology has various loopholes which have been reportedly used by criminals
in practising unauthorized activities. These loopholes are considered as another major
drawback of digital infrastructure.
 Memory degradation: As the digital infrastructure stores all the data and process the
analysis with least or no human involvement, it has made a major effect on memory of
employees.

TASK 5
Risks associated with information system outsourcing
Outsourcing of information system is meant by practice which involves company that
hires another third-party company to regulate operations and activities of the company. These
third-parties are responsible for carrying out company's operations especially in information
practices on the behalf of company (Zurawski 2018). Companies or organisations mainly appoint
these third-parties as they it is cheaper than conducting these operations and activities with their
devices and resources. These activities and operations include data entry operations, maintenance
and development of applications and software, network management, etc. While the third-parties
are regulating operations and activities, company's management is coping up with other
functions for increasing overall productivity.
 Unskilled workers: The hired third-parties could provide with a risk to company as the
employees or workers of that third-party could be unskilled and inexperienced. For
instance, these unskilled workers will complete the assigned tasks and activities
inefficiently and will decrease quality of operations and activities. This risk could be
prevented with prior check of capabilities of workers that are about to regulate company's
operations further. Therefore, through this precaution or measure quality of work could
be maintained.
 Loss of control: When the operations are being regulated within the company, it
provides complete control over the process and could be easily maintained. On the other
hand, when the company appoints these third-parties for managing these tasks, company
loses control over the process and could not manage these operations. The loss of control
results in being a major risk in outsourcing information system to other third-parties in
the market (Che, Mi and Chen, 2018).
 Outdated technology: Use of outdated technology by appointed parties could become a
risk for company in carrying out their operations. Outdated technology will result in
lower quality in final completed assignment. For instance, company's operations and
activities requires use of latest available technology for serving high quality of final
completed tasks.
 Unseen costs: Third-parties performing companies tasks on their behalf incurs cost as
fees and charges for their efforts. These costs are sometimes comprised of various unseen

and invisible costs that occurs to companies and results in low profitability and
unnecessary costs. This aspect results in being a risk while appointing external third-
parties for carrying out company's operations and activities (Trofimova and et. al., 2019).
CONCLUSION
From the above assessment it could be concluded that Information system plays a huge
role in company's growth and success. The report assessment is provided with numerous insights
of Information system and its impact on business operations and activities. Furthermore, it
determines advantages and disadvantages of implementation of digital infrastructure in a
company/organisation. Therefore, Information system accelerates company's growth by
providing with useful information and knowledge for strategic and efficient decision-making.

References
Books and Journals
Benitez, J., Llorens, J. and Braojos, J., 2018. How information technology influences opportunity
exploration and exploitation firm’s capabilities. Information & Management, 55(4),
pp.508-523.
Che, X., Mi, J. and Chen, D., 2018. Information fusion and numerical characterization of a multi-
source information system. Knowledge-Based Systems, 145, pp.121-133.
Lloyd, I., 2020. Information technology law. Oxford University Press.
Madon, S. and Krishna, S. eds., 2018. The digital challenge: Information technology in the
development context. Routledge.
Park, J., Liu, D., Mun, Y.Y. and Santhanam, R., 2019. GAMESIT: A gamified system for
information technology training. Computers & Education, 142, p.103643.
Senivongse, C., Mariano, S., Bennet, A. and Tsui, E., 2020. Absorptive capacity efficacy in
SMEs: evidence from multiple case studies in the information technology
industry. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, pp.1-14.
Torten, R., Reaiche, C. and Boyle, S., 2018. The impact of security awarness on information
technology professionals’ behavior. Computers & Security, 79, pp.68-79.
Trofimova, and et. al., 2019. Public sector entities reporting and Accounting information
system. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 11(S8),
pp.416-424.
Voogt, J., Knezek, G., Christensen, R. and Lai, K.W. eds., 2018. Second handbook of
information technology in primary and secondary education. Springer International
Publishing.
Voogt, J., Knezek, G., Christensen, R. and Lai, K.W. eds., 2018. Second handbook of
information technology in primary and secondary education. Springer International
Publishing.
Yingfa, S. and Hong, Y., 2010, May. The risk study of e-governance based on PEST analysis
model. In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (pp. 563-
566). IEEE.
Zhang, and et. al., 2018. Information structures and uncertainty measures in a fully fuzzy
information system. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 101, pp.119-149.
Zurawski, R. ed., 2018. The industrial information technology handbook. CRC press.