Information Systems and Big Data Analysis: Section A and B Report

This report, focusing on Information Systems and Big Data Analysis, is divided into two sections. Section A describes theories, methods, and techniques for IT solutions like McAfee and MS Office. It defines and provides examples for Decision Support Systems (DSS), Executive Support Systems (ESS), Transaction Processing Systems (TPS), Management Information Systems (MIS), and Knowledge Management Systems (KSM). Furthermore, it discusses globalisation and the effects of IT on it. Section B presents examples of digital infrastructure, specifically broadband and cloud computing, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. The report includes definitions, examples, and an analysis of the selected topics, supported by references.

Information Systems and Big Data
Analysis

TABLE OF CONTENTS
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................2
SECTION-A....................................................................................................................................2
1.0 Describe theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development for
TWO of the following IT solutions listed below:.......................................................................2
2.0 Define and provide examples for each of the systems below (5 marks for each definition
and 2 marks for giving 2 examples of each system)....................................................................2
3.0 What is Globalisation? what are the effects of IT on Globalisation. (4 marks for definition
and discussion, 6 marks for 3 effects).........................................................................................4
SECTION-B....................................................................................................................................4
Optional question-1.....................................................................................................................4
1. Give an example of one digital infrastructure, define it, list advantages and disadvantages.. 4
2. Give a second example of digital infrastructure, define it, list advantages and disadvantages.
.....................................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
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MAIN BODY
SECTION-A
1.0 Describe theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development for
TWO of the following IT solutions listed below:
McAfee
McAfee is a brand that specifically aims to provide protection to the information stored in
a system or computer. It is diagnostic tool which continuously checks and the scans the system in
order to identify if there is any of unethical attack. In order to protect the data, the McAfee
updates the antivirus, firewall and security software within the system (Bowen, Forssell, and
Rosier, 2020. ). All the software that McAfee provides are developed using Agile Integration or
Continuous Delivery methodology. It has been identified that the McAfee makes use of Endpoint
Encryption Technique in order to safeguard the data stored within the systems. This technique
helps the McAfee in developing encryption for the data and integrating it using technology and
thus develops a layer of protection for the data. Also, it has been determined that the McAfee has
used the SLATES model for the development of their security software. The SLATES model
refers to Search, Links, Authorship, Tags, Extension and Signalling.
MS office
MS office is a software developed by the Microsoft that aims to provide the customers
with a client software, server software and other related services. There a variety of techniques
used by the MS office in order to provide its customers with enhanced services. These includes
clutter for outlook, better version history, real time co-authoring, simplified document sharing,
smart attachments, Power BI and many more (Hevner, vom Brocke, and Maedche, 2019). These
techniques help the MS office in enhancing the customer experience associated with the
company. It has been identified that in order to develop the software and provide the relevant
services to the clients, the Microsoft has used the business first methodology so that the multiple
projects can be carried out simultaneously.
2.0 Define and provide examples for each of the systems below (5 marks for each definition and
2 marks for giving 2 examples of each system).
DSS (Decision Support System):
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A computer program that is used by a number of companies within the organization in
order to enhance their potential with respect to the decision-making process. It examines the data
in large numbers and determines the best options available to an enterprise within the market
(Mannina, and et.al , 2019). This software helps the individuals in making important decisions
about those problems which cannot be easily specified or are unstructured in nature. The
examples of a decision Support System includes GPS route planning and ERP dashboards.
ESS (Executive Support System):
It is a management support system that enables the people working at managerial
positions in an organization to have access to internal as well as the external information that is
related to the company. The information accessed by the managers helps them in making
important business decisions and eases the functioning and operations of the business. Examples
of ESS are External databases, and technical reports from consultants.
TPS (Transaction Processing System):
It is a way of figuring which breaks the work into small distinct and inseparable actions
that are known as transactions. A transaction processing system is a kind of information system
that gathers the data, make necessary changes within the same and retrieves them in an
organization (Little, and Shrivastava, 2022). Predictable response times are provided to the
requests by the transaction processing system even when these are not as grave as real time
system. Examples of a transaction processing system are systems that manages payroll, airline
reservations, and many more such things.
MIS (Management Information System):
An information system that helps the individual in coordinating the efforts made by the
employees of the company, controlling the same and visualizing the flow of information within
the enterprise can be referred to as a management information system (Köksal, and
Tekinerdogan, 2019). The management information system includes the use of people,
procedures and technology within the company in order to provide a basis for decision making.
Payroll processing and order processing can be considered as an example of the MIS.
KSM (Knowledge Management System): A system that is used by companies for the purpose
of storing and sharing the knowledge associated with the company among the workforce and
consumers can be referred to as a Knowledge Management System. This system is used by
companies in order to inculcate a culture that rewards the individuals sharing knowledge among
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their peers and encourage them to enhance their learning and development within the company.
Examples of a KSM are Research and Insight libraries and Online community forums.
3.0 What is Globalisation? what are the effects of IT on Globalisation.
(4 marks for definition and discussion, 6 marks for 3 effects)
Globalization can be defined as a term that is used for the purpose of describing the
dependence of countries, economies, cultures, and populations on each other across the world.
The Globalization has provided the people a base to transfer or trade goods, technologies,
services, investments and information over the boundaries of different nations (Barna, 2021).
The globalization has made it easier for the people to access information, technology and other
important services even while sitting at ant corner of the world. The impact of IT on
Globalization are as follows:
Reduces cost of transportation
The use of technology has made it easier for the organization to transfer the data from
one nation to another electronically. This reduces the cost of transportation that earlier the
organizations had to incur in order to transfer information among the organizations.
Production in rural areas
Earlier, due to unavailability of the required resources, the organizations used to carry out
production related activities only inn the urban areas. But, now because of technological
advancement, it is possible to carry out the same even in rural areas.
Reduces the Barriers of time and place
The technologies has also helped various countries in eliminating the barriers of time and
place. The World wide web allows the users to buy and sell goods from anywhere and anytime in
the world.
SECTION-B
Optional question-1
1. Give an example of one digital infrastructure, define it, list advantages and disadvantages.
One example of a digital infrastructure is the Broadband. It is a technology that offers the
users with a basis to generate and develop the information technology of the enterprise and also
carries out the required operations. The advantages and disadvantages of a broadband are as
follows:
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Advantages
Performance: The broadband offers the users with high speed internet connection that makes it
easier for them to easily upload and download the files, documents, information, videos, photos
and other things.
Reliability: The Broadband is more reliable as compared to a dial up internet connection faces
less failure. In a dial up connection, the modem suffers the data load which is not the case in the
broadband.
Availability: It provides the customers with services 24*7. The broadband offers its services to
the users as soon as an individual turns on the system. Therefore, it is available all the times and
saves the time of the users.
Consistency: Most of the time, the internet services provided by a broadband connection works
fine even in the days of bad weather.
Disadvantages
Cost: The cost of using the services provided by a broadband connection is much higher than
using a dial up connection for internet. The users have to pay the bill on a monthly basis even
when they are not using the internet.
Speed: Even though, the broadband connection works at a very high speed most of the time but
it cannot be guaranteed that will work fine always (Motzigemba, Zech, and Biller, 2019).
Security: A system that uses a broadband connection for accessing the internet are at a high risk
of being hacked or attacked by third parties. Therefore, it is required for the users to make use of
a personal protection such as firewall in order to protect the data.
Signal Strength: It has been observed that most of the times, the wireless broadband
connections have to suffer because of the low signal strength.
2. Give a second example of digital infrastructure, define it, list advantages and disadvantages.
Another example of a digital infrastructure is cloud computing. It can be defined as a
service that allows the customers to store their data, useful information, files, images, videos,
document over the internet with the use of technology. The use cloud computing saves the data
of the customers over multiple servers which helps them in saving the data. The advantages and
disadvantages of cloud computing are as follows:
Advantages
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Improved collaboration: The use of cloud services makes it easier for the users to share the
data on the online platforms without having to download them for the purpose of sharing and
transferring.
Low maintenance cost: The cloud servicers are available to the users without having to incur
major cost associated with the same.
Unlimited storage capacity: The individuals who use cloud servicers in order to save their data
can have access to unlimited storage for the same. The users can buy more storage by paying a
certain amount of money.
Accessibility: The cloud services provide the users with the ability to store the data from
anywhere and anytime in the world. The only thing that they will require is the internet
connection.
Disadvantages
Internet connection: One of the major drawbacks of keeping the data on cloud is the internet
connection. This means one cannot access any information they have stored on cloud with
having an internet (Namasudra, 2021).
Limited control: Individuals who wants to make use of cloud services must know that when
they keep the data on the cloud, the major control will be in the hands of the service provider.
Security: Even if the cloud service has the most effective technology which safeguards the data
and information of the client on the cloud, however, one must not forget the fact that in order to
upload the information on the cloud, an organization or the client will have to disclose the
relevant data in front of a third party application.
Vendor lock in: It has been observed that different organizations use different clouds in order to
safeguard their data. This leads to development of difficulties when organizations plans to
exchange any important information.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Barna, S., 2021. Definition of Globalization in the Context of European Integration.
Bowen, K., Forssell, K.S. and Rosier, S., 2020. Theories of change in learning experience (LX)
design. Learner and user experience research.
Hevner, A., vom Brocke, J. and Maedche, A., 2019. Roles of digital innovation in design science
research. Business & Information Systems Engineering. 61(1). pp.3-8.
Köksal, Ö. and Tekinerdogan, B., 2019. Architecture design approach for IoT-based farm
management information systems. Precision Agriculture. 20(5). pp.926-958.
Little, M.C. and Shrivastava, S.K., 2022. The evolution of the Arjuna transaction processing
system. Software: Practice and Experience. 52(4). pp.1035-1064.
Mannina, G., and et.al , 2019. Decision support systems (DSS) for wastewater treatment plants–a
review of the state of the art. Bioresource Technology.290. p.121814.
Motzigemba, M., Zech, H. and Biller, P., 2019, June. Optical inter satellite links for broadband
networks. In 2019 9th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space
Technologies (RAST) (pp. 509-512). IEEE.
Namasudra, S., 2021. Data access control in the cloud computing environment for
bioinformatics. International Journal of Applied Research in Bioinformatics
(IJARB). 11(1). pp.40-50.
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