Information Technology: Business Success, Ethics, and Networking

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of Information Technology (IT) in business success and failure, using Tesco as a case study. It explores how IT drives innovation, improves communication, enhances customer experience, and strengthens security. The report also delves into ethical and social issues related to IT, such as personal privacy, access rights, and piracy, emphasizing their impact on business operations. Different networking technologies, including PAN, LAN, WLAN, and CAN, are identified and differentiated, highlighting their applications and benefits. Furthermore, the report outlines the stages of the system development life cycle, providing insights into its importance for effective IT implementation. The report underscores the significance of both the Intranet and Internet in business operations, and concludes with a summary of the key findings and recommendations for leveraging IT effectively.

Introduction to
Information
Technology

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
Discussing the role of IT in the success or failure of a business.................................................3
Finding ethical and social issues that pertain to running businesses in context of information
technology (IT)............................................................................................................................5
Identifying and differentiating between different types of networking technologies..................6
Discussing the importance of Intranet and Internet in the business............................................8
Explaining the different stage of system development life cycle................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Information technology is the study or usage of several systems mostly computers and
telecommunications for sorting reverting and sending messages or information from one place to
another (Jakkaew and Hemrungrote, 2017). Information technology is the application of several
technologies which are used by businesses for solving their organisational problems on a very
large scale. Information technology has several stages or layers of physical equipment’s
hardware’s visualisation and management of automation tool operating systems and software.
The organisation chosen for the report is Tesco which is investing in it and using it for
running their operations smoothly. Tesco is a retail form which is a multinational organisation
headquarter in England UK and considered as the third largest retailer in the world. The
organisation was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen add now at present service all over the world
and to the most potential markets in the globe. The report covers the role of IT in the success or
failure of a business along with some ethical and social issues that are faced by organisations
while running their businesses in context of Information technology. Several different
networking technologies are also described along with the different stages of system
development life cycle.
TASK
Discussing the role of IT in the success or failure of a business
Information technology is an instrument that drives towards innovation that drives towards
the path of business success. Industrial revolution is the core result or the impact of potential
uses of information technology which innovation in the business. Information technology plays a
very important role in genetically changing the lives of individuals and the functioning of an
organisation as well. Currently information technology has a very major part in making the
business a success but if not used properly it can also drive the company towards failure. As
known that innovation is the most essential factors associated with information technology and it
is said that innovation is the great way to success in digital era for businesses (Long, 2018).
The alignment of Information technology and creativity in business directly means that the
entity is doing something different something smarter and better from others that make a positive
impact and difference in terms of value and productivity which the use of emerging new
technologies that are proven to be the best and to be the future of the business and the business

world. Tesco is an organisation that is spread worldwide dealing in the most competitive
marketplaces in the globe.
It is considered as the third largest retailer and supermarket store in the world and one of
the best and the leading grocery supermarket store in the United Kingdom. Tesco is an
organisation that has been continuously investing in information technology for developing there
Omni channel customer experience and maintaining their competitive edge in the marketplace of
rapidly increasing utilise UK grocer landscape. It has been identified that Information technology
plays a very important role in success of Tesco by increasingly investing in technological
advancement tools. These advancement in it have to buy did several opportunities to Tesco along
with bringing challenges for it. According to Donohoe. A. 2019, information technology and its
role in business is to be very important as it can help to company become more productive
enhance their performance level save a use not a financial resources and improve their customer
experiences. Therefore the role of information technology in success of Tesco is as follows:
 Improved organisational communication- the most important and the most beneficial
use of technology in our business is for communication with the help of different
platforms by enforcing some software’s emails, video chats intranet and as everybody
knows internet. It allows organisations easily hold virtual meetings without spending any
extra money and time for travelling from one place to another. Information technology
allowed Tesco to keep their organisational communication thorough and very clear
removing any miscommunication or misunderstanding among staff.
 Better customer experience- As being in a retail sector consumer or customer
experience is one of the most important elements which lead the organisation towards
success. With the help of Information technology it becomes easier for Tesco to provide a
good customer experience by improved customer services E-Commerce and easier
customised marketing (Benckendorff, Xiang and Sheldon, 2019).
 Improved security- Other then communication and better customer service Information
technology also plays a very important role in keeping the organisation secure. Internet
enabled systems such as wireless cameras and secure entry systems have improved the
business security by reducing the risk of any fraudulent or theft of any confidential
information from the database of Tesco. In current scenario information is very expensive
and easily traded in the black market. But Information technology provides Tesco the

secure systems with the help of internet to keep all the data of their customers and their
employees or even about the organisation safe and secure within itself bye not allowing
any breaches to take place into the system.
Finding ethical and social issues that pertain to running businesses in context of information
technology (IT)
Information technology has a wide range of areas in which it is applicable such as
education health Bank scientific research and businesses on a very large level. With the
increasing and leading advancement in technology it is necessary and very essential for
individuals and organisations to have the knowledge about the security issues privacy issues and
most importantly negative impacts of Information technology on their businesses. In order to
understand and deal with issues in relation with the information technology in society it is very
important to find and understand the ethical issues related with information technology. Tesco is
a retail leader entity which is progressively moving towards information technology and bringing
innovation in their operations with the help of different types of tools provided by IT.
THEREFORE, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT THE ORGANISATION UNDERSTANDS
SARAL DIFFERENT ETHICAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY WHICH IS HARMFUL AND CAN LEAVE THE ORGANISATION
TOWARDS FAILURE (Lloyd, 2020). The different and major ethical issues faced by
information technology are elaborated underneath:
 Personal privacy- The primal and very important aspect of ethical issues in information
technology is of personal privacy. IT facilities and provides the users to have their own
hardware, software and other operating systems to have access two different servers that
are interconnected by networks. With the help of these networks and servers the
organisation enables to distribute data and other information on a very large scale to the
other server. Sometimes while distribution of data there are some hidden chances that can
disclosed information violating the privacy of the organisation like Tesco (Avgerou and
Walsham, 2017). Therefore personal privacy is the major issue which is associated with
information technology.
 Access right- Another very important aspect of ethical issues in relation with information
technology is of Access right. This has become a very important and high priority issue
for the information technology and organisations with great advancement in technology

and with regular use of IT. E-Commerce and electronic payment systems has been
increase the issue for the where is corporate organisations such as Tesco. It is very
difficult to secure the network on the internet from any unauthorised users which are very
interesting and concerning point for the organisations as big as Tesco (Aasheim, Li and
Williams, 2019).
 Piracy- The act of piracy is defined as the creation of illegal copies of any software
which is made by some other organisation or developer. The owner of the software has
all the rights and it is entirely dependent on demo as to whether or not anyone is allowed
to make any backup copies of their software. According to legal laws there are many e
regulations have made such as copyrights trademarks for protecting and stopping
unauthorised duplication of any software. Along with the software industry is also
preparing towards encountering against software piracy. But still this is a very strong
social and ethical issue that is connected with information technology and which is Hindu
ring and harmful for organisations (Luftman, Lyytinen and Zvi, 2017). Many different
businesses have their customised software’s that are being developed with the help of
experts in the market and if such software’s are pirated then it creates a very potential set
for organisation in relation with the security of the information and the usage of the
software.
Identifying and differentiating between different types of networking technologies
Network technologies any tool which connects two or more computers together and
communicate information and other data between them. Network technology can be as simple as
a dialogue modern connection between two PC's or it can be complex as the internet itself.
According to Bourgeois. S, 2016, Network technology are of different types and can be used for
everything starting from accessing the internet printing a document to download an attachment
from an email networks are basically the backbone of the businesses today.
Network technologies can refer to some small handful devices with in a single small room
to millions of devices spread across the entire global and can be defined according to their
purposes and their sizes. There are several types of Network technology which are used by
organisations today and bring most potential results. Some of these network technologies which
are helpful for Tesco are determined and differentiated from one another in the next section.

 Personal area network is also known as PAN and it is one of the smallest and the most
basic type of network. A personal area network is made up of a wireless modem, a
computer or two, phones, printers, tablets etc. The personal area network revolves around
an individual or a single person in one building. This type of network is typically found
in small offices or in houses of individuals and are managed by only one person. the
personal area network is also used in organisation but on a very smaller region and
managed by one single device.
 Local area network is known as LAN, and it is one of the most commonly and
frequently used Network technology. Local area network is one of the most common and
one of the most original and the simplest type of network that exist in the information
technology industry (Kung, 2019). The local area network connects group of computers
and low voltage devices together within a shorter distance such as within a building or a
group of two or three buildings which are approximately closer to each other but not
more than that. the local area network is also used for sharing information and other
resources in a data form. Many organisations typically manage and maintain their local
area networks using routers. the local area network can also be connected to the wide area
network for rapid and safe transfer of data from one system to another.
 Wireless local area network short form is WLAN, which commonly functions like local
area network. The difference between a local area network and wireless local area
network is it makes use of wireless network technology. The best example for it is Wi-Fi.
The application of wireless local area network is typically same as of a local area
network. The only differentiating point is that wireless local area network does not
require the device is to be connected or relying on a physical cable to connect with the
network.
 Campus area network is shortened as CAN, it is a larger Network technology than local
area network but it is smaller than metropolitan area Network (MAN). The campus area
network is a type of network that is typically seen in universities large k-12 School
districts or in small businesses. This type of network technologies can be spreaded across
number of buildings which are close to one another and helps in sharing the respective
resources and data (Theis and Wong, 2017).

 Metropolitan area Network is known as MAN, this type of network is larger than local
area network but it is smaller than wide area network (WAN). The metropolitan area
Network incorporates elements from both types of networks that is from local area
network and from wide area network. Metropolitan area Network spans entire geographic
area such as a town or a city and mostly a campus. This type of network is owned and
maintained by a single individual or buyer company such as a local council and a large
organisation (Oh, Seo and Kim, 2019).
The organisation like Tesco makes use of local area networks and metropolitan area
Network there they share information with the help of both the tools according to the authenticity
and importance of the information that is being shared. For Tesco both of these network
technologies are beneficial and more importantly time saving making the communication easy
and faster.
Discussing the importance of Intranet and Internet in the business
According to Hall. B. 2017, Intranet is a private enterprise network which is designed for
supporting an organisation employees communicating and collaborating their performance and
job roles. Intranet serves a broad range of purposes but at its core level it is helpful for
employees in making an appropriate Communication on each other. Intranet is a private
communication network that can only be accessed and utilised by the authorised users. The word
is divided into two parts that is intra means internal and therefore implies and Intranet is defined
for internal communication (Im, Gui and Yong, 2019). There are few internets that are limited to
specific local area networks while other can be assessed from remote locations over the internet.
The local internets are generally the most secure and best tool which can be accessed from within
the network only.
Internet is basically a global wide area network tool that connects computers across the
world. Internet is commonly called as “net” and it is a worldwide system which connects
computers and several networks of users at any time from anywhere if the permission is granted
in order to get on provide information from any computer system. Internet includes high
bandwidth data lines that comprise internet backbone. Designs are connected to all the major
internet hubs that are distributing data two different location as web servers and ISP's. Internet
provides several different services which are online such as female the most common method of
sending and receiving messages, social media applications and websites that allow people to

share comment photos and videos, software updates some applications and operating systems
can typically be downloaded on the systems with the help of internet (Lugmayr and Grueblbauer,
2017). Therefore it is very clear that internet is a very important part of day to day life of people
and also enhances the operations of an organisation.
Tesco make use of internet and intranet for communicating with the employees and for
transferring different data from one place to another without wasting any extra money or time on
travelling or on other communication tools. Intranet and internet or to network technologies
which are very essential for Tesco in order to run its business because the organisation is
physically present in the market through their supermarkets along with that it is using internet
and social media service of internet for conducting is Marketing services and most importantly
it's online business.
Differences between Internet and Intranet:
Internet Intranet
The internet is a wide network of computers
which connects on global level different
systems.
Intranet is a network of computers that is
designed mainly with the motive of a certain
group of users rather than global use.
Anyone can easily access internet smart
devices (Marouf and et. al., 2018).
On the other hand for accessing intranet the
individual has to be an authorised user who
has all the login details.
Internet is not a safe network and a platform
where privacy is the major issue. This is
because it is a public network accessible to
anyone.
Internet on the other hand is a very safe and
secure network which is only accessible by
few people as it is a private network.
Explaining the different stage of system development life cycle
Having an ideal framework which permits you to make the advancement procedure step-
by-step without feeling overpowered is fundamental to delivering a high quality piece of
programming (Tserkovna and et. al., 2018). System Development Cycle (SDLC) assumes a
crucial role which incorporates a few phases and when followed, guarantees that you have a
decent comprehension of the job needing to be done while likewise taking out blunders.

 Planning- To begin with, you need to design. Obviously, you are going to begin a major
venture all alone and arranging is the way toward choosing what your new data
framework ought to resemble and afterward recognize the assets expected to create it.
 System analysis and requirements- The investigation is imperative to continue further
to the subsequent stage. In this progression, you will dissect the exhibition of the product
at different stages and make notes on further necessities (Brooks and et. al., 2017).
 System design- This stage is moderately straightforward, in contrast with different
phases of the SDLC. Here, you will see a diagram of the product that you need. The
procedure incorporates the structure of the application, organize, databases, UIs, and
framework interfaces.
 Development- Presently, the genuine undertaking of building up the product begins with
this progression. Here, you begin constructing your data framework. Equipment is bought
and introduced, and programming is coded and afterward stacked on a testing stage.
 Integration and testing- The quality expert staff will lead the testing procedure. They
ensure that your new data framework can work perfectly with your current frameworks.
 Implementation- When the product is created, the phase of usage comes. After
unreasonably testing your program to ensure that there's nothing amiss with it, you're
prepared to execute it. Here, you have to execute the structure into source code through
coding, along these lines it is time taking. Truth be told, this is the longest period of the
product advancement life cycle (Richesson, Andrews and Hollis, 2019).
 Operation and Maintenance- The last advance is to experience an upkeep procedure
where the product will be kept up and overhauled occasionally to become acclimated to
the changes. It absolutely relies upon the input you get from the clients. It likewise

incorporates taking care of the rest of the mistakes and resolve any issues which may
exist in the framework considerably after the testing stage (Weiss, 2018).
CONCLUSION
The above report summarises that information technology is an essential part of day to day
lives of individuals and has a huge importance in all different areas including business and
market. Information technology has a very huge impact on organisations and their day-to-day
activities on a very essential note information technology is being used by organisations for
conducting their business operation such as marketing, selling and profit making. Intranet and
internet are two very important network technologies which place a very essential role in the
communication and transportation of data from one place to another within few clicks. These
two to network technologies are very essential and required by every organisation for conducting
effective communication and for security transferring several resources.

REFERENCES
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perspective of developing countries: Studies from the perspective of developing
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Brooks, S. and et. al., 2017. An introduction to privacy engineering and risk management in
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Standards and Technology.
Im, K., Gui, D. and Yong, W. H., 2019. An Introduction to hardware, software, and other
information technology needs of biomedical biobanks. In Biobanking (pp. 17-29).
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Jakkaew, P. and Hemrungrote, S., 2017, March. The use of UTAUT2 model for understanding
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Lloyd, I., 2020. Information technology law. Oxford University Press.
Long, R. J., 2018. New office information technology: Human and managerial implications (Vol.
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Luftman, J., Lyytinen, K. and Zvi, T. B., 2017. Enhancing the measurement of information
technology (IT) business alignment and its influence on company performance. Journal
of Information Technology. 32(1). pp.26-46.
Lugmayr, A. and Grueblbauer, J., 2017. Review of information systems research for media
industry–recent advances, challenges, and introduction of information systems research
in the media industry. Electronic Markets. 27(1). pp.33-47.
Marouf, A. and et. al., 2018. An Intelligent Tutoring System for Learning Introduction to
Computer Science.
Oh, J. H., Seo, J. H. and Kim, J. D., 2019. The Effect of Both Employees' Attitude toward
Technology Acceptance and Ease of Technology Use on Smart Factory Technology
Introduction level and Manufacturing Performance. Journal of Information Technology
Applications and Management. 26(2). pp.13-26.
Richesson, R. L., Andrews, J. E. and Hollis, K. F., 2019. Introduction to clinical research
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Tserkovna, O. and et. al., 2018. Introduction Of The Physical Game Rugby-5 Into The Physical
Education Of Students By Means Of Information Technology.
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