Essay Report: Exploring Information Technology and ERP Systems

This essay report provides a comprehensive overview of information technology, emphasizing its role in managing organizational resources. It delves into various categories of information systems, including Management Information Systems (MIS), Decision Support Systems (DSS), Executive Information Systems (EIS), and Expert Systems (ES), highlighting their respective functions and applications within different departments. The report further explores Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, detailing their functionalities in integrating business processes and automating tasks. It outlines the benefits of ERP systems in real-life business scenarios, using Marks & Spencer as an example, focusing on forecasting, efficiency, and productivity improvements. The essay concludes by summarizing the key aspects of information technology and recommending its implementation to enhance decision-making, productivity, and overall business performance.

Essay report on Information
Technology

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4
Discuss........................................................................................................................................................4
CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM.....................................................................................4
ERP SYSTEMS.......................................................................................................................................6
BENEFITS OF AN ERP SYSTEM ON REAL- LIFE BUSINESS.........................................................6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...........................................................................................7
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................9

Introduction
Managing and information technology is an information technology that is used by the
firm to manage the resources in accordance with the needs and preferences of an organization. It
includes both physical and transcendental resources like computers, people, networking
hardware, software and data. The main aim of the information system is to generate the value of
technology through the use of this high technology. It includes the core functions of the
management like planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling and its have its own
functions also that are creative in nature such as change management, technical support, software
development and the network planning. This information technology helps in reducing the cost
and eliminates the wastage of time in making the some work which helps in achieving the targets
on time. It also benefited many businesses to manage and secure their data efficiently and
effectively of its form. The main objective of writing this essay on information technology is to
provides and learn the various things about it that helps in future to make the business more
successful and advanced. This is mostly used to support and compliment the company
operations. This managing and information technology is based on the short term and a long term
strategy and it is also used in tactical and operational concerns. The whole essay is based on the
information technology and its uses in the industry. This essay project includes the discussion of
the information technology and its various categories that is useful in every department in the
working place. Further it explains the enterprise resource planning system which is used to
collecting, storing, implementing and developing the model for the future success. Therefore, it
also shows the various benefits of the enterprise resource planning in context of the real life
business venture so that making this report gives the good and understanding results to the
user(Valentine and et. al., 2019).
Discuss
CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Information system refers to a use of system software for storing, retrieving and sending
information to other person and it is also use to convert data and inputs to the valuable
information and output that helps in making decisions in the organization. It helps in organize
and analyze the information and data for achieving the targets and goals within the working
place. It is used in every department who contributes in earning revenues for the company. it is
to be installed to solve the problem and provides the unique solutions to help an industry. It
considers various categories of information system that can be described below (Fountas and et.
al., 2015).
 Management information system (MIS) – This system software refers to a that form of
technology that is used to convert the data from internal and external sources and
converts it into the valuable information that is communicated in an effective way to the
managers of different departments in an organization. This valuable information helps in
contributing the decision making and in making the plans in the firm. This type of data is

usually come from the data processing systems and it is usually presents in a form of long
reports that is produced and generates on a day-to day basis. This type of system software
is not so flexible and contains some analytical capabilities. Most of this is used as a
simple routine like comparisons in this they used statistical techniques. In this manager
produces the report on weekly, monthly and yearly basis which includes historic
trends(Fang and et. al., 2015).
 Decision support system (DSS) – It refers to that information system software which is
used by the top managers who will take the decisions related to the regular basis. This
decision support system operates inputs from the intrinsic systems and extrinsic systems.
The main objective of this system is to provide the solutions to the issues in a very unique
and creative way and there is a need to change then it will do very frequently. Generally
it give the answers related to the employees performance when the production is double
in a very predictive and interactive way. It involves the following terms like financial
planning system and the bank loan management system which helps in success of the
business enterprises(Shen, Chen and Wang, 2016).
 Executive information system (EIS) – It is another category of the information system
that is also known as a executive support system. it helps and supports the senior
executive manager or the top manager in completing the planning and decision making
process. It provides and generates the information from the internal and external source
that is beneficial for the company goals. It includes various charts, bar graphs, sequence
charts, motion detectors and the scatter diagrams. It specifies the data in a graphical
design on a simple to carry and use interface. It helps the enterpriser to quickly accessible
the reports, billing, accounting and staffing functions(Nwankpa, 2015).
 Experts systems (ES) – It is an advanced information system software and it is an
prominent category which is denoted as a computer program that tries to mimic and copy
an individual person reasoning. It covers three parts such as an interface engine, user
interface and a knowledge base. It helps in storing the data in an active form as a business
memory and it is not worry and feels anxious like the human beings and because of this it
will take an rational solutions to the problems. It will helps in enhancing the knowledge
by giving the proper solutions to the problems which are too complex and critical to solve
by an individual person. By the help of this information System Company can solve the
major issues in a unique way(Tahri, Hakdaoui and Maanan, 2015).
ERP SYSTEMS
It refers to business process management system software that helps and offers the firm to
use this technique in combining the various applications. Therefore, this would helps in
automates and manages all the work that was done in the front office and the back office which
is related to the services, technology and the human resource of an enterprise. It is typically in
linked with the all the functions of the management like planning, organizing, managing,
directing, controlling, coordination and the decision making by using various database, system
application and the user interface. This type of system software is generally used by the large

firm to analyze and manages all the upgrades and the deployment. If the small firm use this
software and technique than it contains lots of cost and it only manages the lightweight business
activities by using customized applications. Using these techniques helps in establishing the
modern and scalable implementation in all over the back office activities. to adopts the change in
the company manager need to use ERP trends and it includes various types of business processes
techniques such as mobile , cloud, social, two-tier ERP and as per the financial resources every
organization decides what type of trends they should follow to enhance and explore the
production and profits that helps in long term sustainability. It is a process of integrating all the
activities and important parts in the businesses. This type of system helps in managing all the
resources that will contribute their time and efforts within the company. The solution that was
given by this system software is evolved over the years and it is used remotely. It also effect the
working place in a bad way if it is not implement very carefully and it also face the cost overruns
in their firms. Therefore the suppliers of an ERP system is come in all size and shapes that
hosted this services using web-based portal. It helps in boosting the efficiency by eliminating the
repetitive task and also helps in reducing the need of manual workforce with the industry. It
installation is very costly but if its install then it reduces administration and operation amounts
by providing real time information and facts. It also helps in gaining the competitive advantage
by providing the marketing information to the marketing manager. This system software help in
adding the new user, activities and functions that helps in building and facilitating the growth of
the company. It is a type of glue system that binds all the computer system that was operates in
the working place and helps in optimizing all the task by using this one application(Novikova,
2015).
BENEFITS OF AN ERP SYSTEM ON REAL- LIFE BUSINESS
ERP System software gives an approach that offers a productive facility to transferring
the information in an effective way in various departments. In Marks & Spenser, manager needs
to enhance its sales and production within low cost and time for this they can implement to use
ERP system software. Through, using this system it includes some benefits that can be explained
below. Forecasting - The use of this enterprise resource planning is very beneficial in the
business. It gives tools and resources that is need by a person and the manager to create
and generate more accurate forecasts. It is accurate as possible and makes the realistic
estimates that are more efficient and effective forecasts. In context of Marks & Spenser,
manager use this ERP system to forecasts the tools and resources that was helps in
achieving the task on time and in a limited costs(Nilashi and et. al., 2016).
 Efficiency - The major benefits of an ERP system to give the efficiency results to the
resources used. In this system the repetitive task is eliminates which helps in maintaining
and managing the work and business processes. It makes its more simpler and efficient
for the companies in collecting and storing the data and information. In context of Marks

and Spenser, firm use this technique to boost the efficiency and to eliminate the repetitive
processes to get the effective and efficient results( Handayani and et. al., 2017).
 Productivity - By using this enterprise resource planning system any company can saves
time to increase their productivity process in the working place. Therefore, having
automation in the production function employees can focus on other important task and
goals. In context of Marks & Spenser, manager use this ERP system so that they will
increase their production process so it reduce the work of an employees and also the
leaders can focus on the other critical task to earn more and more profits(Zhao and et. al.,
2016).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The conclusion of this essay report on information system is to summarize that it is very
useful system software for managing and organizing the resources according to the
company needs and make production as per the demand of the customer satisfaction. It is
also included the various categories of the information technology such as management
information system, executive support system etc and many more that was used in
various functional departments to complete its task on a regular basis while taking the
strategic decisions in limited time and cost. It will also helps in enhancing the
productivity and proficiency within the organization. it is used by all level like top
management to low level management to take the quick and accurate decision making
that give the positive results. It also offers the historic trends for the present situation in a
unique and creative way. Further it explains the ERP system which helps in collaborating
and coordination the various activities within the organization when they need to explore
or enhance their market in a wide area. Therefore, it also shows and describes the various
benefits that is helpful in the real –life business for example Marks & Spenser. In this the
manager wants to increase its profits and sales in all over the world for this they install
the ERP system software in their outlet so it will increase the productivity by automation
and all the process of manufacturing can be done in a short period of time, because of this
manager can focus on the other important task so that they will earn more and more
profits(Mollalo and et. al., 2015).
Recommendation
This report recommended that the business use latest computers and laptops so that it is very
convenient to use the information technology with the organization. They also give the proper
training and development sessions to their employees, so that they effectively use this technique
and accomplished the task on time with limited cost.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
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Fountas, S. and et. al., 2015. Farm machinery management information system. Computers and
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Handayani, P.W. and et. al., 2017. Acceptance model of a hospital information
system. International journal of medical informatics. 99. pp.11-28.
Mollalo, A. and et. al., 2015. Geographic information system‐based analysis of the spatial and
spatio‐temporal distribution of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan Province,
north‐east of Iran. Zoonoses and public health. 62(1). pp.18-28.
Nilashi, M. and et. al., 2016. Determining the importance of hospital information system
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Novikova, E.N., 2015. Design of a marketing information system. Mediterranean Journal of
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Nwankpa, J.K., 2015. ERP system usage and benefit: A model of antecedents and
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Tahri, M., Hakdaoui, M. and Maanan, M., 2015. The evaluation of solar farm locations applying
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