Integration & Analysis of Leadership Trait and Behavior Theories

This essay summarizes, analyzes, and critiques an article focusing on the integration of trait and behavioral theories of leadership. The article aims to address the lack of theoretical integration in leadership literature by developing an integrative model of leadership effectiveness, examining the validity of leader traits (gender, intelligence, personality) and behaviors (transformational-transactional, initiating structure-consideration). The author explains the article's methodology, which involves a three-stage procedure: developing a conceptual model, empirically testing the validity of leadership traits and behaviors, and investigating the relationships from the conceptual model. The essay also highlights the critiques of the article, including limitations in evaluating all components of the conceptual model, the omission of behavioral leadership theories like ethical leadership, and the lack of exploration regarding boundary conditions. Despite these critiques, the essay acknowledges the article's contribution to understanding the interplay between leadership traits, behaviors, and effectiveness.

Running head: MANAGEMENT
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Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Summary..........................................................................................................................................2
Critical Analysis..............................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
The most debatable and discussed matter currently in the context of the social science is
the leadership. The literature related to the leadership lacks the theoretical integration.
Researches related to the leadership was initiated towards the aim of identifying the attributes of
the heritage that distinguishes the leaders from the non leaders towards the explanation of the
effectiveness of the individual as the leaders. Some of the subsequent skills that have predicted
the effectiveness of the leadership are the individual characteristics, the skills, the abilities and
demographics. Critiques related to the paradigm of the leadership traits prompts the scholars for
looking beyond the traits and consider regrading the behavior of the effectiveness of the
leadership (Derue et al., 2011). The influence of the paradigm of the leadership behavior can
furthermore be seen across the theories of the leadership that includes Fiedler’s model of
contingency, managerial grid and the actions and the work related to transactional and
transformational leadership. The research within the behavior of the leadership paradigm focuses
over the single perspective regarding the nature. The assignment aims to analyze, summarize and
critique the article in discussion highlighting the factors and the insight of the author regrading
leadership behavior in social science.
Summary
The article integrates and reviews the literature regarding the traits of the leadership and
their behaviors. The article takes the first step for the integrative theory regrading how the
behavior and the traits of the leader influences the effectiveness of the actions and the leadership.

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For the accomplishment of this factor, the authors of the article followed a three stage procedure.
Initially the authors of the article developed the conceptual model on the basis of the narrative
literature review that aims to organize and develop the current models and the literature
regarding how the leadership behavior and the traits impact over the effectiveness of the
leadership. On the next stage, the authors empirically tested the relative validity of the selected
traits of the leadership and the behaviors with the use of the combination regarding the published
metal analysis and the meta analytics (Derue et al., 2011). Finally the authors of the article
investigated the exemplary set of the relationships from the conceptual model for viewing of the
behavior of the leader are one of the possible mechanism through which the traits of the
individual influences the effectiveness of the leadership traits. The article explains the lack of the
integration by effective development of the integrative behavioral-trait model regrading the
effectiveness of the leadership and then examines the relative validity of the leadership nature.
This includes the intelligence, gender and the personality. The types and the categories of the
behaviors include the transformational-transactional towards the initiation of the consideration of
the structure. The article explained the combined and the leadership traits and behaviors
explaining up to a 31% of the variances in the effectiveness of the criteria of the leadership
(Derue et al., 2011). The article explains the behavior of the leadership that explains the
effectiveness of the variance of the leadership furthermore the result indicating the integrative
model where the behavior of the leaders mediate the relationship among the effectiveness and the
traits of the leadership.
To summarize, the study explains the popular traits and the perspectives of the behavior
regrading the test and the leadership and tests how the various behaviors combines together for
the prediction of the criteria of the leadership effectiveness. The authors of the study tried to

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reverse the trend of the constructed proliferation in the literature of the leadership and initiated
towards the provision of the clarity towards the studies of the leadership.
Critical Analysis
The critics towards the article in discussion is manifold. It includes the several limitations
that authors faced while doing the research study for the article in discussion. Due to the
sufficient number of the primary data that is required for the estimation of the meta analytics, the
research was limited to the extant body of the research of the leadership. One of the main critique
regrading this particular research article is that the authors failed to evaluate all the components
in the conceptual model that is being highlighted within the study. The authors failed to gather
specific research data regrading the factors such as the behaviors, the leadership traits and
process of attributes. Another major critique regarding this article is that the research article does
not include the behavioral leadership theories like the ethical leadership which is one of the
essential factor of the behaviors and the effectiveness of the leadership (Derue et al., 2011).
Theories and the context of the servant leadership and the empowering leadership which are
some of the key factors within the model of the leadership are also missing from the article
research. The research regarding the attribution-based accounts of the leadership has not also
been noted in the research article by the author, thus making the article stand in front of the
critiques.
Some of the other critiques that can be explained includes the leader centric view and the
hierarchical view of the leadership. This is extremely necessary since most of the existing
research on this topic assumed the process of leadership as hierarchical, top-down procedure
(Derue et al., 2011). In contrast to the critiques, some of the recent leadership model and theories

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has conceptualized the process as the collaborative procedure enacting through the mutual
influences among the social actors in all the varied levels of the organization. Besides this, the
frequent approaches of the existing research regrading the leadership is just the singular and
undifferentiated effect. Multiple other researches in this context examined the effect of the traits
and the behavior of the leadership. The authors of this article encourages the scholars of the
leadership for continuous pursue of this line of researches but critique lies on the fact that the
article explicitly compares and contrasts the emerging forms of the leadership with the traditional
and the hierarchical view of the leadership for the continuous movement towards the integrative
understanding of the process of the leadership in organizations.
The final major critique of this research article is that the article lacks the exploration of
the conditions of the boundary that might apply to the model of the integrated trait and behavior.
There lies no existence of the factors of the situation that moderates the influence or the impact
of the behaviors and the traits regarding the effectiveness of the outcomes of the several
leadership, specifically in the light of how the behaviors and the traits effect in the presence of
the specific tools of critique. The authors of the article, on the basis of the findings and the model
highlighted two of the boundary conditions that seemed to be relevant in nature (Derue et al.,
2011). This includes the interactionist approaches for the study regrading the personality that
suggest that the aspects regrading the work activates the expression of the given trait. This
ensures that the behavior associated with the trait is necessary, desirable and appropriate in
nature. The article critically analyses the relationship among the traits of the leadership, the
personality, the behavior if the leadership and also the effectiveness that is influenced by the
work structure. Besides this, some of the other factors under the critical analysis of the article
includes the suggestion ad the realization of the authors regrading the new leading relationships,

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the effect of the traits over the outcomes that is mediated by the attributions and the process of
the identification. Through out the time, the followers tend to have more of the exposure
regrading the behavior of the leaders and thus the nature or the behavior of the leader is likely to
become one of the more essential explanation for the effect of the traits of the leadership
effectiveness (Derue et al., 2011). The study examined the relative validity regrading the
behavior and the traits of the leadership across some of the wide range of the criteria of
effectiveness in the contrast towards the prior studies. The section analyses the development of
the theory by the author for the tests regarding how the natural criteria influences the rate of
substantively in relations.
Conclusion
This it can be deduced that leadership literature suffers from the constructive
proliferation. The narrative review of the article reveled that distinct traits and the behaviors of
the leadership overlap the empirical and the theoretical context. Researches related to the
leadership was initiated towards the aim of identifying the heritable attributes that differentiated
the leaders from the non leaders towards the explanation of the effectiveness of the individual as
the leaders. The authors of the article addressed the lack of the integration by the effective
development of the integrative behavioral-trait model regarding the effectiveness of the
leadership and then examines the relative validity of the traits of the leadership. The findings of
the research furthermore indicate that some of the traits and the behavior of the leadership lose
much of their validity of the predictiveness while the consideration of the conjunction with some
of the other leadership behaviors and the traits. The critique of the article includes failure of the
authors to gather specific research data regarding the factors such as the behaviors, the leadership

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traits and process of attributes. Another major critique regarding this article is that the research
article does not include the behavioral leadership theories like the ethical leadership which is one
of the essential factor of the behaviors and the effectiveness of the leadership.

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References
Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E. D., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and
behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta‐analytic test of their relative
validity. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 7-52.