Intelligent Failure Analysis: Causes and Problems in Data Analysis

This report delves into the multifaceted issue of intelligence failure, specifically focusing on problems within data analysis. It explores the historical context of intelligence failures, examining how technological advancements and bureaucratic structures contribute to these breakdowns. The report investigates the roles of intelligent systems, human intelligence (HUMINT), and UAV technology in both enabling and hindering effective analysis. It presents research questions addressing the causes of system failures and the evolving needs of the intelligent community. Furthermore, the report includes case studies of Edward Snowden and Julian Assange, highlighting the impact of data breaches and information leaks. The report also touches upon the challenges faced by the intelligence community in the 21st century, including the need for improved training, resource allocation, and the integration of various intelligence disciplines to mitigate future failures. The report concludes with a discussion of the challenges of bureaucratic politics, the importance of unbiased analysis, and the need for adaptation to the changing landscape of global threats.

Running head: INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
(Intelligence failure problems in data analysis)
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note:

1INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................3
Background of Research......................................................................................................4
Research Question...............................................................................................................4
Literature Review................................................................................................................5
Intelligent System............................................................................................................5
Human Intelligence..........................................................................................................6
UAV.................................................................................................................................7
Failure of Intelligence......................................................................................................8
Brilliant analyzer in the firm............................................................................................8
Intelligent Community.....................................................................................................9
Security Policy...............................................................................................................10
Security Threats in US...................................................................................................11
UAV Technology...........................................................................................................12
CIA................................................................................................................................13
Case Study of Edward Snowden........................................................................................14
Case Study of Julian Assange............................................................................................15
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................16
Bibliography......................................................................................................................18

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Introduction
Intelligence failure can be defined as the inability of one or more parts of intelligent
process-collection. It is all about evaluation, production, analysis and accurate intelligence of any
problem or event. It merely focuses on points which are vital for the national interest. In other
words, Intelligence failure can be stated as the misconception of any provided phenomenon that
can cause the government to take up necessary steps. All the provided steps stand out to be
unsuitable and detrimental for its own business. Rezk, 2016 has stated intelligence failure by
highlighting the common aspect regarding failure, which is the element of surprise. It is merely
achieved by decision-makers and leaders. Policy Makers and other leaders of the nation
completely depend on intelligence agencies for providing early warning for averting it. Failure in
order to so come up with overarching consequences for state and its people. In the year 1941,
there was American Failure when the Japanese Pacific Fleet completely managed to cross the
Pacific. The attack at American Fleet located at Pearl Harbour was made without being detected
or even intercepted. This particular failure was due to lack of available intelligence. Edward
Snowden did leakage of some highly classified information by the ex-National security agency.
It was made possible by an unwise collection of sensitive data at a single place. There was a
collection of a huge amount of information which is just concentrated at a single place. Book
named as “Permanent Record” is all about unethical practices done by spy agencies. It merely
highlights the meteoric rise in CSA and NSA.
In the coming pages of the report, an idea has been provided regarding complete
background of intelligence failure problems in data analysis. The next part of the report deals
with a list of research questions for the provided topic. A proper literature review has been
provided on the given topic.

3INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
Background of Research
The technical capability of countries like the United States has completely permeated
most of the intelligence community for contributing to the intelligent failures of CIA. It is known
globally that American depends more on technology instead on human resource (Sarfati, 2018).
The point can be proven by analyzing different kind of intelligence along with review of the
failure of CIA historical. This merely contributes to the human intelligence along with a
discussion on lack of it with respect to UAV.
Human intelligence is merely gathered by the help of espionage, which requires the
involvement of some offers to foreign countries. This is all about the attempt regarding the
collection of some valuable information. In some cases, intelligence officer may cover the place
at a diplomatic post in most of the foreign state (Richardson, 2016). Most of the intelligence
officer aims to cover so that they can contact with some of the foreign government employees.
This is all about the attempt of that individual to develop it as the source of information.
21st century is completely filled up with rapid changes in the intelligent problem which
challenges the intelligence agencies. HUMINT need proper time and resource for collecting
assets and even analyze some of the information (Rezk, 2016). It stand out to be various kind of
intelligence to be produced and implemented. The point should be noted that training alone stand
out to be a bit time-consuming.
Research Question
1. What are reasons behind the failure of intelligent system?
2. What Intelligent community needs to start thinking of?
3. What are the ways of tackling ever-growing number of functionaries in the community?

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Literature Review
Intelligent System
As stated by Ruby, Goggin & Keane, (2017) intelligent system stand out to be
dysfunctional where intelligent failure is completely assured. Although the form stand out to be
less than the fact but the variation stand out to completely endless. Failure to traditional variety
may fall into the friendly environment that does not provide sufficient warning. Most of the
people are completely sponsored by the terrorist attacks or even fail to detect a country having a
weapon for destruction. This can easily result in traditional form where numerous threats result
in tens of billions of dollars for any kind of expenditure (Baber et al., 2016). Data based errors
ultimately lead to political number of causalities in any operation like peace enforcement.
Intelligence community is not completely being able to providing new generation of weapons. In
the last, the individual might not suffer the pearl Harbour but have a series of mistakes. The
community merely focus on explaining the failure and will focus on most of the circumstances.
Some of the political parties will take up the responsibility for the upcoming failure of
intelligence. Community comes up end duplicative analysis that focus on division of labor. This
particular push by the community has completely reduced the analysis in the community (Arcos,
2016). So as a result, this stand out to be acceptance of the growing risk. During operation under
these premises, an individual can easily divide economic, political and military aspects. Right
after this, it can be parcel out of the responsibilities for most of the agencies. The point should be
noted that combination of bureaucratic wounds with the intelligent community. It merely stand
out to be important factor which is responsible for failure. Priorities of the middle-level
managers are completely misplaced which has a loyalty to one of the agency. Any kind of huge
bureaucracy comes up with problem with aspect of operation. The most serious stand out to be

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diminished ability for getting the facts straighten (Firmino, Melgaço & Kloza, 2018). It stands
out to be helpful in building block which is required for high-quality analysis.
Human Intelligence
As per Berlusconi et al. (2016) Human intelligence need huge amount of time and
resources for collecting and analysis of different information. This stand out to be one of most
difficult kind of intelligence for production and intelligence. Training stand out to be bit time-
consuming as the officer need to learn about the foreign language, skill for recruiting and other
aspect of HUMINT tradecraft. The mere focus is all about handling different kind of
communication equipment’s and weapons for training. Proper training to the officer stand out to
be bit costly and even take number of years for completion (Lashmar, 2017). HUMINT stand out
to be far less expensive in comparison to the technical collectors as requires the involvement of
cost for training. Signal intelligence stand out to be interception and complete coding in the
domain of foreign electronics communications. This is merely made up of electronic
communication and communication intelligence. Communication intelligence can be defined as
the monitoring of proper communication when they are conveyed. Electronic intelligence can be
stated as the intelligence detection of the signal which is given off-campus (Mathur, Stavrakas &
Singh, 2016). Both the valuable information require capabilities that require much more risky
human intelligence to obtain. The point should be noted that value of intelligence needs to be
treated for technology for fallout of enemies and political. Both terrorists and other kinds of
criminal group can easily result huge number of problem as they emanate through the country.
Geospatial intelligence is known to be imagery intelligence which is completely derived from
different images. Being the intelligence discipline this require proper co-ordination by different

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capabilities of intelligence community (Saura & Bennett, 2019). Proper addition of denomination
from geospatial of animated version of imagery helps in visualizing of 3D-rendering.
UAV
According to Toniolo et al. (2016), UAV stand out to be the ultimate intelligence
platform which stand out to be most significant kind of military development in the last 15 years.
This particular technology has evolved from the simple drone technology with limited amount of
capability in the sophisticated aircraft. In the recent times, UAV have completely replaced both
manned aircrafts and satellites as they completely favor the platform for intelligence system.
UAV can be outfitted that can be used for collection GEOINT, SIGINT and many others. It also
come up with missiles that help in collecting intelligence (Lee, 2017). Nexus of intelligence and
technology stand out to be new toy for some of the small children. The ultimate concept behind
the development of UAV technology is all about reduction of number of risked lives for
collecting intelligence. It merely helps in delivering a strike with complete accuracy. This stand
out to be low-cost drones in comparison to modern aircraft that drives drones to the next level.
Some of the basic drone even cost much less than 1/20 th for the latest kind of aircraft which
completely drives drone to the next level. On the global platform, military budget around the
world is completely cut but UAV stand out to be viable for manned aircrafts for most of the
mission. UAV comes various benefits over the normal aircraft which make it the most valuable
asset in the current conflicts. UAV comes up with biggest plus point in the long term value.
Some of the version can even maintain a flight for an interval of 30 hours (Pastorello & Testa,
2017). The biggest drawback of the UAV is that they have much more time for flight in
comparison to the traditional aircraft. It merely help them to target for many time span before
deciding whether to strike or not.

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Failure of Intelligence
With reference to Lee (2017), congress bear all the responsibility for the upcoming
failure of intelligence. This can easily press the whole community to an end and have a complete
division of labor. Intelligence analysis can be easily divided into military, political and economic
subcomponents and after that, it parcel out all the responsibilities (Russell & Waisbord, 2017).
The point should be noted that bureaucratic politics and the self-inflected wound will prove the
critical factors to be responsible for the failure. Most of the middle-level manager give priorities
which are misplaced and even loyalty to one of agency which is also primacy. Management of
intelligence is being value more than collecting and proper analysis of intelligence. In the year
1990, intelligent community finds out the point that retention of the present structure. In this
whole process, the corporate requirement of the country gets completely lost in the shuffle
(Schenonea et al., 2020). The bureaucracy comes up with a huge number of issues in case of
operation but in some serious, this gets diminished by the ability to get some straighten facts.
Intelligent community is getting some of the points which they even do not know. Considering
the organizational perspective which will not set some of the important facts and completely fuse
them into analytical products (Selvaraj et al., 2016). There is collection of information and
personnel cutbacks that occur at the end of the cold war.
Brilliant analyzer in the firm
According to Fenster, (2019), the author highlights the second issue that there is a lack of
issue that highlights the decrease in ability for ensuring objectivity. This merely focus on built-in
high potential which can bias into the system along with striking the integrity which is at the core
of intelligent community. By proper division of labor within the defense intelligence there results
in increase in command joint intelligence centers. This merely allows the service intelligence

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production of firm on various aspect of interest like particular service. There are many kinds of
brilliant analyzer in the firm but corporate governance merely comes under pressure (Chang et
al., 2018). In the very first instance, they completely makes response to higher authority that has
agenda. One might require involvement of competition forces considering the case of command.
The second analyst aims to narrow the character which result in risk equation. In addition to the
issues with respect to fusion and objectivity, a host from the surrounding with end the business
and will result in failure (Ioffe, 2017). There are range of analyst standing out there. The
analytical base is considered to be thin and few people are out there raw data for adding
corporate knowledge. The point should be noted that individual can meet crisis by completely
moving the analyst in between two distinct limitations. A problem can be easily thrown but it is
the training and expertise of analysts that will completely support the consumers. Time required
for training for most of the functionality is not completely consistent but has a world of
developing crises. Technology is very much helpful for the rapidly moving information but
finding the right data followed by assimilation of information. Interlink stand out to be a
powerful tool that is like the information that is loaded on it (Pohle & Van Audenhove, 2017).
The main notion is all about use of technology for fusing the work that has been already done.
Intelligent Community
As stated by Lim, (2016) there is a need for proper management of intelligent community
in much better way. Due to the growing number of functionalities in the whole community,
intelligent system is all about proper management. The point should be noted that that analysis
just happens as a result of disturbing number of knowledge of interest at the end of the business.
They can quantify everything and even studied intelligent community to death (Bang, 2017). At
the instance of reducing the head-over, there is an increasing investment which can manage the

9INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
mess. The real constraints on intelligent community stand out to be management at the beginning
of 1990 which is left with few choices. The point should be noted that there is need for
pretending the present structure of work which needs to be acknowledge for complete extend of
the issue (Mandel, 2019). Intelligent system is completely based on certain assumption about the
analysis how and this is carried out. To tackle this, there is need for focusing on the analytical
process along with creating a structure.
Security Policy
According to Jones, (2018), the point should be noted most of the country does not have
any kind of actionable security policy where intelligent community makes use of program
analytical tool. It stand out to be the beginning of major debate and its relation with the rest of
the world. The whole debate can easily continue for a decade without anything being close to the
national consensus. The reality is being implied for the need of process where the consumer
community understand its wants. As a result of lack of some national policy that there are
varying degree. The practice can even last for many years, where the intelligent community does
not have luxury of deciding. The point should be noted that in many parts of world, there is
ongoing shift in the definition of state where there is option of power away from military
strengths (Fuchs & Trottier, 2017). The point should be noted that there is a high-level of
consumer for being increasing interested in the whole range of non-military problems. There is
need of some kind of threshold decision which is extent of role in both economic and
environmental intelligence. To completely meet the wide range of need, the main task is
information clearinghouse that has the capacity for addressing different kind of security problem.
Most of the countries aims in maintaining a complete expertise. With increase in the number of
information, the number of pundits is also increasing (Gill, 2020). Policy community is merely

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looking for some individual in the government who can easily provide an unbiased assessment of
different aspect of security.
Security Threats in US
As per Dos Santos et al. (2016), In order to fulfil all the information regarding the house
function that require to work better in academic community. Some different kind of academic
communities and government will help in collecting and analyzing the provided data. Prior to
discussion of structure, it is very much important to understand the upcoming security threats in
US (Kim, 2018). It will provide huge details regarding the future of intelligent community. This
merely puts huge amount of threats which confuses the discussion and even lead to false sense of
security. It stand out to be a worst-case approach for both regional and technical aspects. Most of
the foreign system in the domain of research and development will be drawn outside as a lack of
procurement dollars. There are other kind of threats in the very first decade of 21st century. It is
expected that Terrorism will increasingly come to shores. Complete proliferation of the given
technology is completely associated with certain weapons needed for mass destruction (Nolan,
2017). There will be certain issues related to spillover that completely affects the interest of
United States. Considering some of the classical military threats for regional actors which have
some limited capabilities impacting US concern. Budget of defense has suffer additional cuts that
accept most the nation to accept and realize at the time of running out enemies. It stand out to be
less challenging for future technology which is faced with real issues which may not have a
proper solution (Qazi et al., 2016). The point should be noted that intelligence stand out to be a
force multiplier and provides early warning in case of military force cuts. The point should be
noted that intelligent community stands out to be dysfunctional as a result of misguiding effort
for decentralized mission. It cannot be decentralized with a system which is too big for

11INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
sustaining in case of security environment. The most suitable solution is increase in
consolidation and centralization of different responsibilities. This stand out to be the only way by
which the system can hope (Ratcliffe, 2016). The point should be noted that the intelligent
community can easily shed over the period of increase in resource constraints.
UAV Technology
As per Schrag et al. (2016), the main idea behind the development of UAV technology is
all about reduction number of life that are risked so that it can collect intelligence and provide
strike along with accuracy. UAV stand out to be an alternative for the manned aircraft. UAV
comes up with many benefits over the traditional benefits over the traditional aircrafts which
makes it one of a valuable asset. UAV comes up with biggest advantages in case of long
endurance and some of the latest versions can maintain flight over the span of thirty hours
(Shukla et al., 2017). The biggest plus point of UAV is that it has more flight in comparison to
traditional aircraft which help in observing and tracking a target for long duration. UAV comes
up with many vulnerabilities along with many benefits. The devices are completely susceptible
to the defense system of air because of slow nature. Air Force come up with top speed of 460
miles on an hourly basis which highlights that it cannot easily escape from any manned fighter
aircraft (Wahl-Jorgensen, Bennett & Cable, 2017). UAV are also easily vulnerable to fighter
aircraft and jamming. The point should be noted that manned aircraft stand out to be much faster
than the present technology that allows the operation of UAV. Cyber-vulnerabilities are
completely exploited to government bodies in case of several cases. Cyber-vulnerabilities are
merely exploited by government bodies in most of the cases.

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CIA
As stated by Schrag et al. (2016) in case of maintaining a community, there is need for
accepting certain value of overlap. CIA needs to retain a sufficient value of technical and
military expertise so that it can analyze the national security of the country. The analysts at CIA
needs to be much more hostage to intelligent community. There is a need for deciding the
national level of community and even compress. One of the changes can be easily implemented
in immediate way. Independent kind of military services at the national level needs to completely
eliminate so that it can merge with DIA (Schenonea et al., 2020). This particular fusion will help
in addressing any lack of fusion and objectivity which will otherwise lead to intelligent failure. It
merely focus on putting one person at charge and getting rid of all issues related to labor
division. These nation aims to create certain organization which can do true fusion analysis.
Completely getting out under potential services, there can be less concern with respect to
objectivity. The entity will be taking all the responsibility from different database. Command
JIC/JAC highlights the requirement that can fulfill the responsibilities of databases. Command
intelligence center does not have any longer responsibilities for any production at national level
(Qazi et al., 2016). Complete concern on politicization which is allayed along with fixing the
problem of objectivity. Due to consolidation for defense organization, there is a huge amount of
saving which is diminished overhead. The point should be noted that a number of function on
any position will drop consequently. This merely help in strengthening the analytical capacity
and even provide the required surplus for accommodation of reduction in the coming days. For a
long time interval, there has been miss-leading which requires the understanding of ration in
between tooth to tail (Nolan, 2017). Smothering analysis along with huge value of administrative
which is associated with multiplicity. By complete elimination of hidden unemployment

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Case Study of Edward Snowden
Edward Snowden stand out to be former government contractor who completely revealed
out the National Security Agency program of spying (Pastorello & Testa 2017). A majority of
the people call Snowden as a traitor who completely disclosed out the secret of America while
some people called him patriot that completely violated the constitution. The intense gaze of
Endowed Snowden completely become the face of international debate on the topic of privacy
and security (Ioffe, 2017). Most of the question was there on motivation and extend for removal
of document and its future. The overall impact of Snowden disclosure is completely widespread.
Barack Obama come up with a review panel for completely criticized the domestic data
collection. Obama even recommended that NSA to stop the collection of bulk data of Americans.
The data was related to individual life pattern and proper movement and communication of many
people. House even passed a bill so that it can end the collection of bulk metadata. Snowden
stand out to be former system administrator for CIA who stand out to be National Security
Agency outpost in Japan (Firmino, Melgaço & Kloza, 2018). During its working time, Snowden
even downloaded some vital and safe documents related United States Intelligence activities.
The document was completely related to partnership with many of the foreign allies. It merely
includes some of the vital collection of data from telephone records of U.S. In addition, he even
tracked down some of the activities on internet activity. Among the relation from NSA bulk
collection of data on mobile and internet from different U.S users (Dos Santos et al., 2016).
Complete spying on personal details of different foreign leaders is inclusive of U.S allies and
ability of NSA for tapping undersea fiber optics. British cyber spies even highlighted a pilot
program in U.S partners in the year 2012. In this, most of the people are able to completely

14INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
monitor the whole YouTube in given time and collection of address from different videos. All
these videos are being watched for proper analysis for getting some of the user information.
Being the high school dropout who received all the required credential. Snowden even
received top-clearance when at the time of being hired by CIA. He even maintained proper
clearance with subsequent jobs with both NSA and CIA. At the time of stealing the crown jewels
at national security agency, Snowden did not need to make use of any sophisticated devices or
even software for breaking software firewall. It has also stated that, Sweden even access some of
the top documents by assumption of electronic identities of top NSA officers (Lashmar, 2017). In
the late 2012, Snowden approached some of the journalist and in the very next year, he even
leaked some of the vital documents. The whole expansion of NSA surveillance network stand
out to be public service. At the time of construction of surveillance system, the government
completely eroded the privacy of individual. It was expected that vital documents of 200,000
classified NSA was released. Snowden did not completely mentioned about the number of
document he steal from the secret department. He steal some of vital documents which
comprises of both phone and meta-data from different user (Mathur, Stavrakas & Singh, 2016).
NSA was merely spying on the personal communication of different foreign leaders which is
inclusive of U.S allies.
Case Study of Julian Assange
Julian Assange who is the founder of WikiLeaks, was charged for conspiring hack into
Pentagon system network in the year 2010. This merely brought up abrupt end for seven years of
saga holding up the embassy of Britain to avoid any kind of capture (Mandel, 2019). The
government even suspended citizenship for assuring Mr. Assange and clearing his path for arrest.

15INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
The host even displayed the growing impatience which is inclusive of recent release of
WikiLeaks. The arrest of Mr. Assange brought a head of tension that even resulted in freedom
issues. Mr. Assange started publishing archives of American military and other kinds of
diplomatic documents in the year 2010 (Berlusconi et al., 2016). The administration of Obama
thought of bringing some charges against Mr. Assange but took up the decision as a result of fear
of building precedent in journalism.
Recommendation
There are list of ways for tackling intelligence failure like
 The point should be noted that weakness in intelligence process stand out to be
completely for psychological and political.
 There is a need for having effective control over the intelligence community which focus
on various aspect like FBI, department of homeland security, and other agencies.
 Proper training is required for setting personnel with policies required for education
within the domestic agencies.
 There is requirement for reformation within the intelligence community which is needed
for ensuring intelligent activities in a democratic society. This completely lies within the
rule of the law. It stands out to be important due to political and public pressure which
help in preventing any kind of terrorist attack. These aim to impose danger for
encouraging intelligent agent for violation of both human rights and civil liberties.
 National security investigation needs to be completely governed by separate guidelines.
The guidelines do not only due to the probability of crime but restricted nationality of

16INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
national security. Some of the intrusive national security investigations are the one which
requires the involvement of criminal activity.
 Nations need to come up with better intelligence tracking so that they cannot be hit with
calamities. In some cases, intelligence failure stand out to be inevitable and natural.
Conclusion
The above pages help us in concluding the point that this research is all about intelligent
failure problem in data analysis. In order to tackle the whole community for reconstructing in
just one single step, this will stand out to be single risk and leaving the government of United
States without a fully functional apparatus for intelligence. The effect of consolidation in the
defense organization will result in fall of CIA, which completely ensure that government has
finger on the big picture. As soon as defense intelligence is consolidated, then further
consolidation of different collection function can be made. At any given pace, complete
restructure of the community stand out to be bit complicated. This merely requires the pace for
reducing the risk of intelligence failure. In the year 2001, United States will have complete
luxury for more than many reasons in which this stand out to be good shape for internationality.
In coming days, world may stand out to be bit messy and there will be many instances where U.S
chose to engage military. There is a need for proper kind of reconstructing which is needed for
short-term toll on effectiveness. It requires sustainable time for the dust to settle. It may
encourage the responsibility for completely constructing the community leaving the structure
intact. The research even highlighted Edward Snowden who completely spoiled the secrets of
NSA. This particular man was charged with unauthorized communicating vital information of
national defense. This particular person stand out with two charges that are a violation of 1917
Espionage Act. All the charges resulted in maximum prison sentence of 10 years. In an

17INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
interview, Snowden accepted the spying program that stand out to be illegal and completely
immoral. In addition, the research focuses on Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks in charge of
conspiracy for hacking into the pentagon system network. There has been insight into the United
States government right from the organization started publishing the leaks in the year 2010. He
highlighted most of the secret like more civilian died in Iraq than the official estimation.

18INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS
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