The Influence of International Law and Military Tech on Peace

This research essay examines the intricate relationship between international law, military technology, and the prospects for peace among great powers. The essay begins by exploring the role of international treaties and conventions in promoting peace, with a particular focus on Australia's engagement in these efforts. It then delves into the impact of global military technology, including advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, and autonomous weapons systems. The essay highlights the evolving nature of international law in response to these technological changes, including discussions on cyber warfare and arms control. It analyzes the AUKUS partnership and its implications for military technology and global security. The essay also considers the challenges and opportunities presented by these developments, ultimately assessing whether international law or military technology has made peace more likely than war.

Research Essay topic
Has international law
OR military technology
made peace among the
great powers more
likely than war

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTION ON PEACE......................................3
Australian military technology ...................................................................................................5
The law evolves as per technology changes...............................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
International peace and security is highly sensitive issue in the contemporary world
capturing the light from all the major players in world scenario. Being 11th among the credit
contributor, to the UN peacekeeping, Countries is integrally engaged in global efforts to create
and keep peace from 70 years. It is dedicated in strengthening the world policies to prevent
conflict and maintain peace and safety. The countries are party to various treaties on peace
which definitely is contributing towards creation and maintenance of world peace. The military
infrastructure and technologies in nation is now focusing on Australian Greens. The are oriented
in building a peaceful world without non-violence means to resolve problems amongst each
other. The idealization and standardization of military revolts leads to loss of people and
environmental degradation. The engagement in any military conflicts leads to economic and
social costs to the direct involver as well as to others who may affected indirectly Thus effective
membership and participation of Australia in International treaties and convention is leading to
less war like situation.
MAIN BODY
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTION ON PEACE
The countries possess strong record of promoting global disarming and non-proliferation
by electively engaging in various international conventions. Australia played significant role in
various negotiations including Comprehensive-Test-Ban Treaty and Arms Trade Treaty where
interpersonal transfer of formulaic arms is prohibited. NDPI was also entered by Australia with
Japan in 2008.
From way back in 1918, many countries has been actively involved in Peace Treaties
with central powers. The 1919 Paris Conference which later came to be known as Treaty of
Versailles also had Australia as an enthusiastic and forward looking member(Baiquni, 2021). In
1946, The agreement between Australia and Thailand reflecting the principles of self-
determination and freedom in foreign matters based on Statute of Westminster 1942.
The fiercely explosive materials able to create their self prolonging chain namely isotopes
of uranium and plutonium are to be prohibited with the initiation of Fissile Material Cut-off
Treaty Pre-negotiations. Commencement of this is high priority of Australia. There are other
conventions to which Australia is signatory on War and Peace which forms the part of Rules of

War. In order of prevention and restoration of the property or objects unlawfully transferred, the
Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed
Conflict (The Hague, 14 May 1954) was adopted. The assenting of Australia is pending on this
convention. This also prevents the transfer of cultural property during military conflicts.
Another convention on which Australia's accession is under consideration is Second Protocol of
year 1954(Burton, 2019). This being part of Hague Convention is in line with the previous
convention. Under this with the enhanced protection against illegal export of cultural property, it
imbibes the principles for improved scheme of distinctly planned cultural property.
By supporting direct national interests and zeal to handle complex security issues, Australia
built strong honour as an progressive and practical approached member of United Nations
Security Council. In downing of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17, Australia's response under
security council is prominent example of its engagement. Australia developed creative way in
working of the council. It brought initiatives on the crisis in Syria, reinforced international
support to counter act of terrorism and improved the execution of countenance. Another
illustration of Australia's effort in promoting the international peace is the support in Afghanistan
issue. It led the Council to come through the safety transformation in Afghanistan and worked
inexhaustibly to bring down the alarming human rights condition in the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea to the Council(Taylor, and Neumann, 2018). Australia communicated and
led talk overs on the declarations on small munition and buoyant weapons.
Australia has supplied about 65,000 personnel to more than 50 United Nations
peacekeeping missions. Australia has also aided in operations within its own region, including
in Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. Australia was also
device in the negotiation that contributed to the Cambodian Peace Settlement and led to the UN
Transformation Potency in Cambodia, including causing the first military contingency and
giving the commander of the field elements of the mission(Crawford, 2018).
Australia put the demand to set up beefy human centred responses to conflicts at the front of
determination by the Security Council. Australia worked to form restrained military operation
mandated by the Council more effective, considering through a new focal point on the
endeavour which constabulary can make to building sustainable peace in disturbed societies.
Australia have firm status in security council by contributing positively to the work of it and by
providing distinctive features to the council. Australia has increased its repute as a state which

can employ its power and relationships to make a departure in the world from violent means
towards safety and peace.
GLOBAL MILITARY TECHNOLOGY
The different rules which are mentioned to develop along with some vectors. This is
because of diverging ideology. The fundamental which are highly technology specific rules for
arm control are not based on the consideration as more technology neutral commands the
international humanitarian law. The humanitarian concerns to inform making of arm control law,
and increases. The countries have to acknowledged autonomous offensive weapon system and
the defensive system will change the way how countries think about war the issues which are
related to weapons and the states in international humanitarian law. In India the autonomous
weapon will increase in country's defences and the fact will be able than human soldiers to
achieve the objective. This also includes cross borders infiltration. India have to develop
autonomous weapons and engage in the process of creating the international regulation system.
In 2012 the U.S Department of Defence define the system of autonomous weapon but this
selects the target without human input after activation. The issue related to regulation of weapon
is in accountability gap in case of wrongful death of the civilian or the commission of war
crimes. Adoption of artificial intelligence in military equipments and technology has helped to
transform conventional military in respect to intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
aspects.It has been assessed that war essentially played an instrumental role in relation to
formation of a state. Global military apparatus is facing a significant transformations as well as
leverage the technological trends in order to strengthen capabilities(Crock, and. et. Al,. 2021).
Major trends in relation to military technology which enhanced the techniques relating to war
such as artificial intelligence, robotics progression and augmented military efficiency. The
Government has spend a huge amount of $7.27m to support the development of a new artificial
intelligence technology that is AI technology. This investment is going to use for create skilled
job and capacity of defence industry in globe. This will support the government new project and
helps to improve old defence technology and action plans. The main aim is to increase its
economic opportunities of critical technology and national security risks. In November 17 this
new technology scheme was disclosed by Australian prime minister Scott Morrison. Great
powers of developed country have extensively invested in electrification techniques in regards

with battlefields(Strelein, and Burbidge, 2019). This practice prepares a country for rising their
military power and emerged as a giants in adaption of advanced military technology. In
relevance with Australia, government officials spend tremendous resources in building their
military technology excellent. There is nine most important critical technologies of national
security interest by the government and AI is one of them. Melissa minister of defence industry
of Australian has announced ten new defence innovation hub contracts. In two years of COVID -
19 these contracts funded $23.2m economic package. These price of contracts assured that it
will help to develop exciting and new AI technology. This investments can extend their
capabilities in a significant manner and also help them to develop skilled jobs in regards with
defence industry. Even Australian government has listed artificial intelligence as one of the
critical technology which can supports national interests in a significant manner .Use of
computerised technology has enabled autonomous weapon systems which aids in reduction of
causalities of soldiers. Robotics and automated technology has led to protect forces, aid in
increasing situational awareness and to reduce the workload of soldiers(Firth, 2020).
Investments made in robotics and autonomous system allows militaries to attain their objectives
related to secured population as well as consolidate gain in an effective manner. These
technologies have potential to improve the military train and operate it will achieved through the
defence intelligence mission data. It helps to virtual intelligent reality to enhance simulation,
improve situational awareness, modelling and trend the ADF organization. A new trilateral
program announced and signed the US and UK is one of the most significant security
partnerships of this decade. This partnership is know as AUKUS. Mainly AUKUS aim is to give
benefits to Australia over the coming decades to take up security challenges in the world.
Basically, AUKUS stand for Australia, UK, and US and aims to modernise primary intelligence
technology of defence and give the plan to cutting edge military technology to Australia by its
two partners futuristic capabilities like artificial intelligence and quantum technologies. After
world war II chines military is build up most fastest way official described by US officials. The
main aim of AUKUS s to check on growing china that has been asserting its military muscles in
resend years and rapidly expanding Chinese Navy. By this AUKUS treaty Australia will acquire
types of missiles like Tomahawk cruise missiles, Long Range Anti Ship Missiles , Precision
Strike guided Missiles and joint Air Stand Off Missiles with range of 900km for their land farce.

Canberra had significance that they does not plan for nuclear weapons but the submarines are
essential for their safety. Thus it can say that Australian defence technology works in field of
improving and make powerful its military in over all the world. This can also see the main reason
behind this to compete china military.
THE LAW EVOLVES AS PER TECHONOLOGY CHANGES
The warfare has been upgraded in the past few decade and we have seen an extraordinary
change in the technology for the capability of military. The shift in technology have sparked the
debate for the proper applicability of International law. The past development of law is result of
the technology change make attention in these analyses. The documents of history lesson is a
guide for policy makers and the analyses for the governance of some new technology. The
military technology means human made physical objects, instruments, tools and devices. The
term technology is more wide than it construed. The term law of war is used here adequately,
this refers to all the international law and principles which meant for governing human conduct
war. The rule for restricting the choice of means and methods of warfare which protect those
who do not take direct part in hostility, is collectively known as law of armed conflict or
international humanitarian law(Smith, 2019). This law also covers the rule of international law
which barred the development, stockpiling, acquisition and this is for specific means or method
of warfare, weapons. This is usually covered by arms control law. This doctrine distinguishes
between these two international law, the idea for law of war become deficient in development of
technology which gained some friction in past. There is increase in regulation of cyberspace,
some insisting the Geneva convention on Cyber Warfare. This law have high degree of
intelligibility, most of the publicly deplore the deficiency of international law with the relation to
military operations for cyberspace(Gibbons, 2018). The UAV are the main set of device,
suggestion for regulations is more specified. The campaign is advocated for ban on weaponized
drones. This is to be suggested that review of existing mechanism is to reduce the likelihood of
UAV technology.

The international committee of Robot Arms Control organizes the proponents of
regulation for autonomous weapon system. They influence the discussion on technology on the
Conventional Weapon Convention. There is a ban on autonomous weapon which is beyond
meaningful human control. The term obsolete can make many law of war, this law is developed
on a long period, this is commentary and input of many cultures. This become totally obsolete, it
is not desirable nor likely as robust and develop the framework. The underlying term id
important for particular technologies which go so far. The problem of governance will result in
technology change. The change in technology is a problem for the law of war at whole. The
scientists, technologists and others were calling for legal renewal and they comes in a symbiotic
relationship with the lawyers who were writing such matters. This report starts with the crises of
technology on a specific technology which appears and have an uncertain future which promises
for peril and progress(Monichino and Fawke, 2018). The law and technology finds gap in or
inadequacies on the current law which expands the legislative needs and the law making process.
The law is being made but the policies which have information of lawmaking come from
elsewhere. Some feature of law and technology enterprise is recognized on law and emerging
military technology.
The technology of specific approach is not easy to avoid. The technology in this are
complex, for reaching the legal analyses for challenging scientific and technical knowledge. The
law of war mentions about substances of rules and values which underlying the law, though the
prospects of law making. The further feature of technology and enterprises, characterizes a brief
on new military techniques. They both have present and future, with a dangerous uncertain future
but not past. The attention is given to the development of law of war with references to
technological change. As per the explanation form the history this is suggested that the benefits
have deeper engagement with the development of the law of war. This law make an momentary
appearance, not even in small role but in uncredited extra also. The brief is mentioned in Geneva
Convention on protection of diseased person. The lack of attention in law of war by historians
will reflect on the capacity of law which will restrain the conduct of belligerents, and how the
historians have the capacity(Roberts, and Sivakumaran, 2018). In terms of universal history of
law of war the attention is shift towards the equality for international humanitarian law and the
most of the portion of the law of war. For regulation of the framework for warfare the humanity
and military necessity in recent time characterized the law. The law was enclosed by military

warfare. The interaction between military and humanity is necessary these days, the law is not
the way for regulate the framework for warfare. The law was encapsulated through necessity of
military. The method of necessity was unchallengeable in the middle ages, the necessity of
military is admitted on a elastic notion which is capable for ruling out the most obvious of
excess. The law is based on necessity of military and the contemporary observer may appear.
The distinction between modern and pre modern law is common, intakes more than it reveals.
The specific law for technology is suggests a particular type of technology. The examples
of the rules which specifies the technology pertains to warfare for those who are going to be
banned or restricted in any way, the use of means of warfare is particularly weapons and
projectiles. The poison on weapons is prohibited for use, this is a long standing example. The
injury by fragments in the body of human which is detected by X-ray, the weapon of this
categories are banned recently(Rothwell, 2018). The aspects to protect medical aircraft is
provided separately in protection of other medical transports. The medical aircraft is subject to
the rule which concern fight plans and possible interception. The law do not favour one specific
technology over other, This is related with the technology and seems like technology neutral.
This particularly includes the rule which address weapons focusing on the means warfare, which
is generally a particular weapon technology. The rule which prohibit use of indiscrimination
means of warfare and the means of warfare of nature which cause unnecessary suffering. There
are many rules which bans the use of warfare in effect of environment, this particularly uses the
environment in means of warfare.
The technology for military is described in application of technology which is based on
the aspects which are mostly used in war(.Ruff, 2018). This consist of major technologies,
whose nature is related to military and this will not consider an application of civilian. The
varied range of weapon encompasses this also, the structure, vehicles and equipment are used for
major warfare purpose. This report includes the primarily consist of theories related to war and
the power which make peace in the respective countries. To make global peace, the development
of great power of specific nation have to developed to curb the possibilities of war in their
regions. The increase in advanced technology for military includes possibilities of war in many
region.

CONCLUSION
After seeing all work treaties made by Australia, UK, and US it can say countries
working on development of their military information technology and they know that in present
for a strong and powerful military force their defence technology must be strong and up to date
as having powerful missiles long range anti ships, joint air stand off etc. and signing on
AUKUS is a prove that Australia is more interested for military powers.
it has been assessed that war plays a significant role in establishing synergies among great
powers in order to curb the possibilities in relation to war. It can say by the following interview
One of the Australian official has addressed in one interview that these collaborations aid them
to build a strong sovereign capabilities for developing as well as integrating artificial intelligence
techniques. Numerous developed and developing countries invest their huge resources in
developing military technology in a significant manner. Even countries use this technologies in
order to raise fear in the eyes of other nations which led them to develop as well as show their
powers.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The Nonproliferation Review, 25(1-2), pp.11-36.
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Law. The Theory and Reality of the Sources of International Law (in Malcolm Evans,
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Case Study of the Making of International Refugee and Human Rights
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