International Leadership and Management: Theory and Practice Analysis

This report critically evaluates organizational leadership and management perspectives, theories, and practices within international contexts. It examines the influence of CEO intellectual stimulation on employee motivation, drawing on transformational and strategic leadership models. The report synthesizes learning from various modules, demonstrating evidence-based perspectives on leadership and assessing current leadership practices in international organizations. It highlights the importance of CEO behaviors in fostering innovation, critical thinking, and a positive work environment. The report also explores the significance of effective communication, active listening, and strategic direction in achieving organizational goals, concluding with a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management within global firms.

INTERNATIONAL
LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Critically evaluation of organisational leadership and management perspective taken in
theories and practices...................................................................................................................1
Demonstrating evidence based perspective on leadership...........................................................3
Critically Evaluating current leadership and management practice in international
organisations................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Leadership defines as the act of influencing and motivating individuals and groups to act
in the similar direction towards achieving a common goal, whereas, management refers to the
procedure of directing and leading the industry to meet the objective by utilising appropriate
resources. The study will examine the influence of CEO's intellectual stimulating behaviour that
encourage their followers to bring new perspective at work (CEO Intellectual Stimulation
Employee Work Meaningfulness: The Moderating Role of Organizational Context, 2019). The
aim of the study is to analyse and evaluate organisational leadership and management theory and
practice and will assess that how CEO of the companies impact the motivation of employees at
all the level of organisation. Lastly the study will synthesise learning from a range of modules
with all the examples of leadership and critically evaluate current leadership and management
practice in international organisations.
MAIN BODY
Critically evaluation of organisational leadership and management perspective taken in theories
and practices
Perceptive of leadership and management stated that for being successful leader and
manger there are various style and approaches that need to adopt in the organisation (Bird and
Mendenhall, 2016). The practices help in to motivate, encourage and styles that can be adopt by
individuals as per the situations. On the other hand, it can be complex to understand and
implement the approaches.
Organisational leadership and management practice includes the various practices such as
inspired a shared vision, challenging the process, enable others to act, model the way and
encourage the employee, all of these practice provides a road map to the firm for accomplishing
the desired of results through available resources. Leadership and management practice creates
the vision for future potential growth where employees feels energised and it also enables others
to act towards the shared vision through providing the model way which helps to employees in
terms of reaching the desired level of outcome which results in improving the overall
performance of the organisation (Brewster and et. al, 2016). The perspective of leadership and
management assumes that CEOs can only influence behaviour of top management team and they
in return influence the organisation by making sound strategic decisions.
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Contemporary theory
This is a management theory or practice. From the perspective of leadership and
management this theory states that members in the organisation have understanding about their
work derive from ongoing sense-making process (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019).
Organisational leadership and management defines as the process of developing leadership and
management skill of employees and abilities which plays an important role in accomplishing the
organisational goal. It acts responsibly towards guiding the employees and their activities and
also give them proper direction to achieve the business objective of the enterprise. The
perspective of leadership and management theory and practices helps in managing the overall
action of the company and improve the productivity of the firm. The process derives the top-
down efforts of leaders to convey their intention, various practices they seek and policies they
create through direct communication (Cascio and Boudreau, 2016).
Transformational leadership
The CEO of the company can have an important impact on the psychological states of
employees at lower level of the organisation. The perceptive of leadership and management state
that, CEO should encourage employees to use innovative new perceptive and approaches at
work. Transformational leaders stimulate the effort of their followers to be innovative and
creative. In this theory the perception of leadership and management states that Intellectual
stimulation is one of the four dimension of transformational leadership (Deresky, 2017). CEO of
the organisation utilise transformational styles of leadership to empower the subordinates of the
company. They understand the power of empowerment that established an effective system
which placed the right information to the right hands.
Intellectual stimulation refers to the leadership practice that focuses on critical thinking
and creativity as well as encourage innovation and problem solving. The intellectual stimulating
includes evoke the imagination and thought of the followers in company and stimulating their
capability to evaluate and solve their problems creatively. This represent an essential component
of transformational leadership (Focht and Ponton, 2015). Transformational leadership is a theory
of leadership where CEO as a leader require to works with teams The perception states that CEO
need to ensure to give employees opportunities, autonomy to acquire prestige and recognition.
Strategic leadership
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The perspective of leadership and management in this theory is to strategically direct the
employees in the company, it generally focuses on providing direction, leading, motivating the
employees (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019). CEO in the company encourage their followers
to bring up new perspective and innovative approaches at the workplace to make the industry
innovative driven.
CEO with Strategic leadership leads to the success of the enterprise because organisation
with better leadership usually have a better understanding of business goals and objectives.
Leadership not only identify the goals and objective but also provides the way which ensure the
company can easily accomplish them. It involves employee involvement, effective listening and
strategic communication which makes the healthy working environment in the company and
encourage the interest of employees in terms of giving their best possible efforts towards
achieving the desired level of result of the firm (Deresky and Christopher, 2015). The idea that
strategic leaders stimulate front line employees through their actions and words to be more
innovative.
Demonstrating evidence based perspective on leadership
There are various modules that are designed to provide some tools, skills and knowledge
about how leadership performs in situations. As per the (Harris and Jones, 2015) management is
mostly associated with the pragmatism of ensuring about all the organisational functions,
whereas, in contrast, leadership is more focused with the setting strategy, leading change and the
aspirational aspect of the development of the industry. On the other hand (Keller, 2015) state that
leadership can encompass practice, development, attribution of behaviour of the employees. The
character of a leader is charismatic, visionary and transformational. (Kumar and Steinmann,
2015) developed transformational theory plays an essential role for the CEO of any organisation.
Various modules stated that top leaders are perceived as transformational that is based on heir
ability to convey prior meaning of their workforce. Many of the popular academic literature on
organisational leadership either presumes that top leaders in the company can influence
perception of employees of the meaningfulness of their work directly through communication
skill and other espousal processes.
Other perspective assumes that CEO in the company can only influence the company by
making sound strategic decision. The present module is based on intellectual stimulation of CEO
that enhance employees work meaningfulness. From the leadership perspective CEO of the
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company can adopts and implements their style and can have positive impact on the motivation
level of employees at all the level of the organisation. It has been stated in the article that
motivation is the key that can use by the CEO. This theory also used by the company owners that
motivates the employees to think out of the box and made the firm innovation-driven industry.
Other than that some leadership and management styles are also effective to create the culture
that motivates the employees
According to the (Noe and et. al, 2017), it is believed that some leaders possess a high
degree of affective reasoning and intuition in how they lead. The belief has been perpetuated by
trait based leadership theory that provide an ability to lead as something innate. This kind of
leaders who rely upon evidences lose their personal experience and strong leadership to guide
actions and only allowing evidence and the decisions are also based on the evidences. Evidence
can be hard to interpret difficult to access but all kind of practitioners state that leaders and
managers routinely use various form of attributes, style and create a system in their work. The
role leaders to encourage and motivate the people in the industry are simple in modules and
concepts but more complex in execution. CEO as leaders are able to generate positive evaluation
of their overall leadership behaviour and they have benefit from increasing rates of adoption and
implementation. As per the view of (Peng and et. al., 2016) leadership is not only about leading,
it is about what to give the attention while leading. Similarly, it is not only about communicating
it is about how they can inspire employees. Organisational leaders may also facilitate perception
of their employees of work meaningfulness by implementing a strong collective identity through
their personal charisma and by articulating the vision of the company.
Critically Evaluating current leadership and management practice in international organisations
Effective leadership in international organisation is very important for effectiveness and
for sustainable growth, whether industries are tackling economic crisis or international conflicts
(Prasad and Junni, 2016). Leaders in the company can be any person that effectively lead the
employees. International organisations are operates in many countries and managers and leaders
need to develop practices and strategies to manage the effectiveness and enhance the
productivity of the organisation.
Management and Leadership Practices
Management and leadership practice refers to the working methods and way that
managers utilise to improve the effectiveness of the work pattern and system within the
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company. The practices indicate, that a leadership style that promotes creative and critical
thinking is specifically valuable when the international organisations operate in rapid changing
markets (Rosenbach, 2018). The practices enable CEO to enhance work meaningfulness of
employees. The article focuses on some implemented practice of leadership and management in
international organisations are;
In the international organisation, CEO changes the way in which they engage in
intellectual stimulating their employees. CEO changes the way they communicate to become
more intellectual stimulating. For instance; CEO can interact with the workforce at lower level of
the organisation in meeting and impromptu conversation and they also for the mass public that
how their employees' innovative ideas are improving or can improve the performance of the
industry. Along with it organisational leaders who are seen intellectual stimulating often use
language tool such as stories and metaphors to frame the way member of the organisation think
of the objective and purpose of their work meaningfulness. For example; CEO plays a great role
of leader in the organisation and implement all the practise to ensure that employees feel safe and
comfortable and strengthens bond among individuals and facilitating access to leisure and culture
(Smothers and et. al., 2016).
The practices implementing in the today's international organisation, CEO keeps in their
mind that employees need both criticism and praising. A good leader knows when to praise,
when to criticize and when to encourage. It is the best way to maintain the courtesy in the
organisation and employees can understand that where they need to improve their skills and it
reduces the conflicts. The intellectual stimulation focus on the leader behaviour that stimulates
intellectual curiosity, encourage and rewarding critical thinking and innovative approaches (Bird
and Mendenhall, 2016).
As in the international organisation, people need to be capable to effectively
communicate with different people. As well as manager and leader need to motivate, encourage
employees to enhance their productivity and commitment towards their work. Many of the
organisation is become successful because of their leaders and managers. Active listening also
promotes trust building that improves the manager and employee relationship and effectiveness
of the individual for motivation as a leader.
The trend in the leadership and management practice is to bring change by innovating
and think out of the box (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019). CEO of the company stay focused
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on the organization values and provide a direction to employees and to help them understand
how their efforts contribute to overall corporate goals. For example; The main focus of the CEO
of the company to make the organisational structure innovation driven company for that purpose,
they focus on bringing change in the functions and operations. On the other hand change have its
own threat that can impact the organisational structure in the international context.
Overall it has been seen that, some CEO may be implement the intellectual stimulating
by introducing product and technological changes in the organisation, others may stimulate the
members through written words or speeches (Kumar and Steinmann, 2015).
CONCLUSION
From the present study it has been summarised that leaders and managers are the
important part of any organisation. By analysing the theory and practices of leadership and
management, CEOs addressed various perception. It has been analysed by several examples that
CEO of the companies also have great impact on motivating and leading the employees. The
theories generally comes in the leadership and management perspectives are; transformational
and contemporary theory and practices.
The article state that rapid and unpredictable changes in the company are associated with
the strong and positive relationship between employee work meaningfulness and CEO
intellectual stimulation. The result of evidence based perspective stated that top-level leader
intellectual stimulation promotes feeling of work meaningfulness among the employees at
various organisational level. From the study it has been seen that behaviour of the CEO had a
great impact in work context. The result from the study state that lower organisational
performance and rapid and unpredictable changes in the industry are associate with positive and
strong relation between CEO and employee.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bird, A. and Mendenhall, M. E., 2016. From cross-cultural management to global leadership:
Evolution and adaptation. Journal of World Business.51(1). pp.115-126.
Brewster, C and et. al, 2016. International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Bush, T., Bell, L. and Middlewood, D. eds., 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. SAGE Publications Limited.
Cascio, W. F. and Boudreau, J. W., 2016. The search for global competence: From international
HR to talent management. Journal of World Business.51(1). pp.103-114.
Deresky, H., 2017. International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson
Education India.
Focht, A. and Ponton, M., 2015. Identifying primary characteristics of servant leadership: Delphi
study. International Journal of Leadership Studies.9(1).
Harris, A. and Jones, M. S. eds., 2015. Leading futures: Global perspectives on educational
leadership. SAGE Publications India.
Keller, D., 2015. Leadership of international schools: Understanding and managing
dualities. Educational Management Administration & Leadership.43(6). pp.900-917.
Kumar, B. N. and Steinmann, H. eds., 2015. Ethics in international management. (Vol. 84).
Noe, R. A and et. al, 2017. Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Peng, A. C. and et. al., 2016. CEO intellectual stimulation and employee work meaningfulness:
The moderating role of organizational context. Group & Organization
Management. 41(2). pp.203-231.
Prasad, B. and Junni, P., 2016. CEO transformational and transactional leadership and
organizational innovation: The moderating role of environmental
dynamism. Management Decision. 54(7). pp.1542-1568.
Rosenbach, W. E., 2018. Contemporary issues in leadership. Routledge.
Smothers, J. and et. al., 2016. Talk nerdy to me: The role of intellectual stimulation in the
supervisor-employee relationship. Journal of health and human services administration.
pp.478-508.
Online
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CEO Intellectual Stimulation Employee Work Meaningfulness: The Moderating Role of
Organizational Context. 2019. [Online]. Available
Through:<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1059601115592982?
journalCode=gomb>.
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