International Public Health Report: Census, Threats, and Referencing

This report analyzes international public health, focusing on census data and health threats across various countries like Canada, the UK, and the US. It explores the challenges in data collection, the importance of census for monitoring health trends, and the impact of emerging diseases like Zika virus. The report also covers the significance of referencing styles (Harvard, APA, MLA) in academic writing, emphasizing their role in supporting facts and enhancing the quality of research. It discusses different referencing formats and their applications in academic assignments, providing a comprehensive overview of public health issues and academic writing standards.

Running head: INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
Public health standardization is an interventional process of monitoring mortality rates,
incidence rates, health degradation and the cost effecting deprivation that provides the potential
outcome of the report. This is a kind of trend that different nations have followed in case of the
long-term census for the health issues. Generally, the census is the documentation form of
registering the score, number and accounting the peoples' commitment to the society. In Canada,
25% of people have not given any response to the census. This is a chain of the responsible
person that occurs in different countries whose intervention has made the entire program in a
successful way. Every year health census is also important to understand the state of the country
and to justify the monitory imposition for that section by the central government (Baum, 2016).
In other instance UK general lifestyle reported as the one-third people are entrained this census
process which is ineffective as the proper justification is not been amended to the desired form.
American Community Survey (ACS) has organized another census survey where long-term
implementation of the census is being implemented. The sample size of that census is just 1% of
3million household and that estimation provides the lateral contribution to the national census
(Rosen, 2015).
The purpose of that critical review is to understand the imposed challenges of different
countries are facing regarding the health issue. Determine the public health threat and develop
the understanding of their intervention is the key issue of discussion. Importance of the
policymakers and emergency preparedness in absence of acute conditions are the responsible
factor of these objectives. These are the possible approach that US Supreme Court has made to
an establishment for the census data (Csete et al. 2016). The political, economic and public
health planning is the key mentioning thing that measures the rolling census and controlling
measurement. The illustrative approach of the population census has approached the limitation of

2INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
Population register, Administrative records and governmental programs, Rolling census
and Traditional census. There are certain strengths like lower cost relative data that agreed with
the specific issue of decanting randomize sampling for the population and linkage between group
and sampling process highlighted the individual data as well (Konstantopoulos et al. 2013). Data
protection act is the infrastructural capacity that reporting the health studies in an emphatic way
of implement over the government. The government has some policies that implemented over the
population of the country regarding health security.
Threats to cost privacy that estimated the reduced cost of medicine in the US and the
compulsory census heightens are the comparative growth of the general health issues. In case of
medicinal efficacy, the penalties they have to impose are quite big and regarding of this
penalties, they have done this paramount change in health census (Brownson et al. 2017). In
Canada, National Household Survey provides the influence in Traditional census report to make
a contrast over the argumentation where overall response rate form the Canadian are less than
70% and that resultant more than $22 million people to engage the sampling process in an ethical
way. In case of England and Wales, approximately 25% sampling process is noticed and that
impacted over the health data and approach (Fauci, 2014). In the case of Asthma the treatment
measure the examination of the experts that provide the emergency demographical influence in
adult cases. There are some environmental threats which came under the Pennsylvania
Department of Health (PADOH) and this project takes care of cancer incidents. This is a door-to-
door enumeration process to make sense build up of the people of the nation. Emerging disease
threat is another process that placed under the tuberculosis disease and that allows people to
make this treatment. According to the census report, 40 infants out of 100,000 or greater has
been suffering from that disease and that bear the child mortality rate and impacted over the

3INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
female-child virus preparedness as well (Vayena et al. 2015). The population has made an
impact on the voluntary NHS and that linkage over the feasible projection of the country and
their mortality rate. Addition health issues in UK, Canada or Pacific region may great a huge
influence on the local communities of these countries and their working groups are working to
mitigate this situation. Active Zika virus presents in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
nation has made a command over the health census that impacts over the demographical
argument and 17.5% of US household of US population has been detected form that disease (de
Guevara & Patel, 2014).
Therefore, census data on health and population in all aspect of age, sex, and ethnicity
has established the rate of the people who are suffering from the acute disease and make a list of
required treatment for them. The monitoring policy is the supervise implementation that
establishes the incident rate of the disease and the terms of that disease as well. There are certain
threats that impacted over the outbreak response of chronicle disease, on such case the
emergency situation handling is required from all the countries and they have done that fact in an
effective way.

4INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
Different Referencing Styles
Referencing an in-text citation is a kind of feature that has developed for supporting any
general lines and important facts. Some of the facts, percentage, data that will enhance the
quality of writing must need this kind of reference. This is a valid secondary support that boosted
up the academic study and research. Generally in case of academic writing referencing is the
most important part as the reference available on the internet must emphasis on the given held
lines or the topics (Rahman, 2016).
There are different referencing styles like Harvard, APA, Chicago, Vancouver, Oxford,
IEEE, Oscola, and MLA. These are the styles of referencing form that books, journals, articles
can be derived from. In some cases, the whole document has to be designed like the referencing
format. The style writing sometimes requires the manual referencing and that process of
referencing give the impact over the requirement of the students. To emphasis over certain
quotation, theories, ideas, and models generally refereeing is being used where the actual source
of the content is being accessed in an ethical way (White, 2013). Academic referencing is a
linkage part that meets the parts, writing, and source. There is certain standardization process
that acknowledges two important purposes like trace the source and the relevance of the
reference.
In case of Harvard referencing style, no comma is placed after the surname of the writer. In case
of more than three writers et al. is used. In case of in-texting Campos et al. 2013 format has been
used in between brackets.
In case of APA referencing comma has been placed after the name and before the year.
APA format is always in hanging where the first line of the referencing in the hanging formation.

5INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
In case of in-texting this Möller, Majdandžić & Bögels, (2014) this format is being used where &
is also used.
In case of MLA, only author name is being presented without the presence of year. In
case of in-texting Möller, Mirjana and Susan this format is being used.
Therefore, referencing is an integral part of research that enhances the quality of the
writings as well as provides impact over the material. Referencing styles are provided for that
maintained of discipline for essay, report, law and assignment jobs. As these assignments are
different from each other thus they have a different style of choosing referencing styles as well.

6INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH
References
Baum, F. (2016). The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press.
Brownson, R. C., Baker, E. A., Deshpande, A. D., & Gillespie, K. N. (2017). Evidence-based
public health. Oxford University Press.
Csete, J., Kamarulzaman, A., Kazatchkine, M., Altice, F., Balicki, M., Buxton, J., ... & Hart, C.
(2016). Public Health and International Drug Policy: Report of the Johns Hopkins–Lancet
Commission on Drug Policy and Health. Lancet (London, England), 387(10026), 1427.
de Guevara, P. L., & Patel, P. (2014). Likely Impact of Net Price Referencing on European
Markets. Value in Health, 17(7), A658.
Fauci, A. S. (2014). Ebola—underscoring the global disparities in health care resources. New
England Journal of Medicine, 371(12), 1084-1086.
Konstantopoulos, W. M., Ahn, R., Alpert, E. J., Cafferty, E., McGahan, A., Williams, T. P., ... &
Burke, T. F. (2013). An international comparative public health analysis of sex
trafficking of women and girls in eight cities: achieving a more effective health sector
response. Journal of Urban Health, 90(6), 1194-1204.
Rahman, M. R. (2016). Referencing–an Academic Obligation. Delta Medical College
Journal, 4(2), 52-54.
Rosen, G. (2015). A history of public health. JHU Press.
Vayena, E., Salathé, M., Madoff, L. C., & Brownstein, J. S. (2015). Ethical challenges of big
data in public health. PLoS computational biology, 11(2), e1003904.
White, R. (2013). Subject Guides: Referencing, Citing, and Structuring Bibliographies:
Referencing Styles.