Analyzing Peace Building and Human Security in International Relations

This essay delves into the critical relationship between peace building and human security within the realm of international relations. It commences by highlighting the growing significance of peace building in the modern world, emphasizing the need for sustainable global environments. The essay examines the factors contributing to human insecurity, including poverty, cultural differences, unemployment, autocratic leadership, and corruption, illustrating their detrimental impact on societal well-being. It then explores the concept of peace building, analyzing its components and methods. The paper uses real-world examples like the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, US-North Korea tensions, India-Pakistan conflicts, and US-China trade conflicts to illustrate how these concepts interact. The essay underscores the importance of addressing these factors to foster a more secure and peaceful global society, providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities in international relations.

Running head: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
International Relations
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Introduction:
The significance of the peace building is increasing in a substantial manner in the
modern world. Majority of the global leaders are observed to be inclined towards developing
a sustainable world and society and under such situation, one of the top most priorities for the
leaders is seen to be the effective management and development of peaceful environment.
Having said that, the urge of the countries in improving their economic condition and the
keen interest towards becoming a global powerhouse are recognized as significant obstacles
for the countries in improving their ability towards the development of peaceful environment.
Schirch (2013) claimed that the concept of the human security and peace building is largely
interlinked as the constituents of the society that are the humans are required to be protected
as a much required step for the development of the peaceful environment at the global stage.
According to Pugh, Cooper and Turner, (2016) if the respective defence authorities of
the nations are unable to provide the much required safety to their citizens, then their
incompetency is a greater menace for the society in developing the peaceful environments.
Mac Ginty (2013) stated that the efficient management of the factors that have the capability
to provide harm to the individuals is certainly a crucial success factor for the government,
when it comes to contributing for the much required process of peace building. The paper
discusses regarding the relationship of the concept of peace building and human security.
Along with this, the paper provides crucial arguments regarding the impact of both the
concepts in the modern world and at the same time, the paper analyses linkage of both the
concepts with precise elaboration of the methods in which the concepts complement each
other. For the effective understanding of the concepts and the linkage, the paper also includes
some common real life examples such as the Israeli –Palestinian conflict, US and North

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Korea conflict regarding the nuclear power, India Pakistan conflict, US and China trade
conflict.
Factors of Human In -security:
It is important to understand the factors that contribute towards the formation of the
human insecurity for gaining an important understanding regarding the technique that
requires to be used for the development of the peace at the global stage. With a precise focus
on the business dynamics of the 21st century, it is pretty evident that the social security has
become a major point of concern for a large section of the individuals. Dodds and Pippard
(2013) claimed that one of the crucial factors that affect the social security of the humans is
the poverty. Even in the 21st century, there are considerable number of nations with the
inappropriate economic condition where the citizens are largely affected by the impact of
poverty. Under such situation, the effective management of the basic needs from the part of
the governing authorities is a significant challenge. Having said that, the poor economic
status of those nations have tremendous impact on the social life of the citizens which is
pretty visible with the life style that they follow. In majority of the cases, the citizens of those
nations are deprived from the basic nutrition and at the same time, the incapability of the
national government in providing the basic infrastructure for promoting good health in the
nation, increases the frustration and sufferings of the citizens in managing their health.
Hence, it is evident that the incapability of the governmental organizations in producing the
required basic infrastructure and the nutrition is a crucial factor that increases the concerns of
the citizens regarding their survival.
On the other hand, Hanlon and Christie (2016) claimed that one of the substantial
factor that affects the human security is observed to be the cultural differences. With a precise
focus on the concept of the cultural differences, Black (2016) claimed that the differences or

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inequalities between the cultural groups have the potential to pose considerable number of
concerns in managing the peaceful environment. According to Holmer (2013), the difference
in the cultural groups on the basis of the social values, beliefs or the languages is not a
massive point of concern for the society, however, the frequent occurrences of the extremist
activities on the basis of those differences along with the unorganized or vague determination
of protecting their own culture, is a genuine matter of concern for the government and each of
those individuals responsible for the development of the peace. Lee and Özerdem, (2015)
highlighted that the cases of harmful activities on the basis of the cultural differences where
Lee and Özerdem, (2015) mentioned that the presence of the superstitious beliefs and fake
claims is affecting the normalcy of the society.
Kingma (2016) stated that a section of the leaders of the society, for their own
benefits, are observed to manipulate the citizens for participating in the cultural reservations
and under such situation, they have the tendency of manipulating the individuals towards
participating in the extremist activities for protecting their society and their culture. In
majority of the cases, such activities or actions are observed to have a vague base where the
leaders of the society communicate fake promises or concerns for manipulating the citizens
and that effectively leads to the severe situations such as riot. The achievement for those
leaders are the success and recognition that they achieve in the society, however, the general
citizens are observed to pay a significant cost for the achievement of their leaders. As, in
majority of the cases, the severity of the activities are considerably high, it leads the society
towards a massive massacre. The general citizens are seen to lose their life and good
reputation owing to their participation in those extremist activities. Along with this, such
activities are observed to affect the law and order in the society and in majority of the cases,
it demolishes the appropriate establishment of the law and order in the societies. Though the
communication from the part of the leaders to their followers regarding the probable dangers

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that their culture and society are expected to face, are based on the vague and fake beliefs, it
has the potential to provide considerable amount of disturbance in the thought process of the
general citizens and at the same time, it affects the human security of the citizens along with
their sense of safety.
Other than this, the issue of unemployment is also a major concern for the civil
society these days. In majority of the countries which are not so developed in terms of
economic condition, the issue of unemployment has the potential and tendency of affecting
the normalcy of the societies. Young and Goldman (2015) claimed that the unemployment
has become a major concern for almost all the governments and under such situation, the urge
of the government towards developing new sources of employment is pretty significant.
Considering the impact of the global economic downturn, recession or the economic
vulnerability, it is understandable that the national and global economy are expected to face
the heat. With a precise consideration towards the possible impact of the economic downturn,
it is understandable that the financial turnover of various business industries got reduced in a
notable manner and that forced the companies to reduce the strength of their workforces.
Hence, it is evident that the economic downturn or the recession has a significant impact on
the increment of the job unemployment. Weinthal (2014) claimed that the unemployment
reduces the financial stability and the basic sense of security of the individuals and that
triggers them to conduct the criminal activities.
Considering the impact of the societal structure and the institutional sources that
contribute to the human insecurity, it is evident that the leadership style of the autocratic
leaders plays a crucial role in increasing the human insecurity amongst the individuals. An
autocratic form of leadership from the part of the higher authority of the nations, has a usual
tendency of oppressing the voice of the general people and in majority of the cases that
affects the sustainability of the society in negative manner. The application of the oppressive

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power has the potential to hurt the sentiments and emotions of the individuals and at the same
time, it increases the frustration of the citizens in leading their usual life styles. For example,
the autocratic leadership of Kim Jong-un, the North Korean leader is observed to raise
considerable amount of concern amongst the citizens of the nation. Along with this, the
leadership of Kim Jong-un is seen to reduce the scope for the citizens of the nation in
practicing their human rights and that is evident with the increasing concerns of the various
human rights related agencies across the globe. North Korean government and the practices
that they conduct are true reflection of the application of the autocratic leadership in
increasing the frustration and insecurity of the citizens of the nation. Kim Jong-un, being the
supreme leader, has the tendency of ignoring all forms of hierarchy and at the same time, the
dictatorship from the part of the leader, in many cases, deprives the citizens from their usual
operations (Young and Goldman 2015). The severity of the actions affect the mental balance
and the sense of security of the citizens in the nation.
Other than this, Lambourne (2013) highlighted that one of the major factors that
contribute to the human insecurity is seen to be the corruption. According to Lambourne
(2013) corruption provides the scope to a group of people to practice their unethical business
or social activities for the much required achievement of illegal monetary and materialistic
assets. Having said that, the impact of the corruption affects a larger section of the people in a
detrimental manner. The severity of the corruption has the potential to create human casualty,
infrastructural damage along with decreasing the sustainability of the society and the social
values. For example, the case of Volkswagen Emission Gate is pretty significant in stating the
impact of the corruption on the general customers and the society. With a precise focus on the
case, it is evident that the higher authority of the mentioned company intentionally activated
turbo charged engine for their products and that artificially reduced the emission rate of the
company for getting the necessary approval from the Environmental Protection Agency of

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United States of America. The main objective of the company with the mentioned act of
corruption was to increase their profit margin unethically. However, the unethical activities
from the part of the company in designing their products increased their bargaining power in
the market in unethical manner and at the same time, it contributed towards a scary future in
terms of the quality of the environment. With the citation of the incident, it is pretty evident
that the corruption has the potential to threaten the human security of living.
Considering the personal sources, the increasing cases of the loot and thefts provide
perfect examples of the declining social sustainability. In majority of the nations such as
Mexico, Uruguay, Nigeria or Argentina, the tendency of the individuals towards committing
the crimes is pretty significant. Chandler (2013) claimed that the social status of the
individuals is one of the prime factors responsible for development of such tendency amongst
the citizens of those nations. The poor economic condition of those nations also contributes
towards the increment of the criminal activities and under such situation, the incapability of
the government in developing their economy becomes a major factor responsible for
promoting such a situation that reduces the sense of security of the citizens in the nation.
Hence, it is understandable that the human security is largely dependent on the factors
such as the poor economic condition of the nations, inequalities and cultural differences,
unemployment, oppressive power in the leadership, corruption, riot and criminal activities.
Peace Building:
The peace building is recognized as a concept where the society will be able to
achieve the much required normalcy and the relation of the concept with the human
insecurity provides the much required scope to the governments and the relevant authorities
in improving the social, political and economic situations. With a precise focus on the factors
that affect the human security, Holmer (2013) claimed that the success of the governmental

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agencies in developing a peaceful environment will be pretty evident with the efficient
management of the economic condition of the nations. According to Lee and Özerdem
(2015), the success of the government in improving their literacy rates or the distribution of
wealth in an efficient manner, will be significantly crucial in improving the human
development index of the nation. Under such situation, the impact of the literacy will be
pretty evident with the conduct of the socially responsible activities from the part of the
citizens. Considering the normal tendency of the individuals, a deprived individual will
always want to snatch the goods or commodities that he or she is deprived from. However,
the capability of the government or the relevant authorities in developing such a situation
where the required skills for achieving the desired goods or the commodities will be present
amongst the individuals, will be significant in improving the ability of the government in
managing the normalcy and the sustainability of the society. Along with this, the capability of
the government in demolishing the sources of human insecurity such as poverty or the
starvation will be significant in reducing the interest of the citizens towards committing crime
for the achievement of the basic needs. Hence, it will certainly contribute towards the
development of a peaceful environment.
Other than this, one of the major factor that affects the human security is seen to the
infrastructure for promoting good health. The inappropriate infrastructure has the potential to
lead the society towards significant loss of human and at the same time, it creates
vulnerability in the society. Under such case, an improved initiative from the part of the
government or the relevant agencies for the development of the much required infrastructure
that contributes towards the good health and has the capability to offer a scope of achieving
speedy recovery from any sort of disease, will be significant in improving the quality of life
of the citizens and at the same time, it will be a massive remedy for the society from the
impact of the vulnerability.

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Considering the loss of law and order, it is evident that the success of the government
and the relevant agencies in improving the implementation of the legislations, will be crucial
in developing a peaceful environment. The development of the conflict owing to the cultural
differences and inequalities is expected to be demolished from the part of the government and
other legislative authorities with the portrayal of a humanitarian and tolerative mentality. The
society is expected to portray higher tolerance towards the cultural inequalities and the strict
actions form the part of the government and other legislative authorities in cases of the mob
lynching activities or the extremist activities, will be significant for the success of the
government in establishing the rule of power and sense of harmony.
Considering the point of oppressive power, it is evident that the global politics is
facing considerable number of situations where the conflict between the countries are
affecting the process of peace building. For example, the Israeli Palestine military conflict or
the trade war between United States and China, are significant examples of the fact that the
conflict between the nations are affecting the political stability and the peace building
procedure (Gelvin 2014). Another classic example of international conflict will be the
Kashmir issue where the inappropriate decision making from the part of two countries are
affecting the development of the peaceful environment in the Indian continent. Other than
this, the conflict between North Korea and United States regarding the portrayal of the
nuclear power is a significant obstacle in the global peace development procedure. The
consequences of the conflict is pretty significant for the sustainability of the world. On the
other hand, the age- old conflict between Russia and United States for the much required
establishment of themselves as the supreme power at the global stage, has massive impact on
the peace building. In majority of the cases, the objective of the relevant parties or national
authorities is to develop the much required supremacy along with the achievement of the
power and the materialistic assets. Having said that, the consequences for such activities are

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observed to be notably detrimental for the efficient management of peace at the global stage.
Hence, the mentioned parties have the capability to overlook the materialistic offerings for
the achievement of the desired peace through the application of mutual dialogues and
communication. The increasing interest of the nations towards the development of the
peaceful environment will influence the national authorities towards the effective
management of thee sort of conflicts that have the capability to affect the human security.
Considering the concern regarding the unemployment, it is evident that majority of
the developed countries are trying for improving their ability in becoming the preferred
destination for the business houses and trade. The enhanced ability of the government in
taking the required initiatives for developing increased number of industries will be
significant in improving the scope of employment and has the ability to restrain the citizens
of it, from the criminal activities for their livelihood. Hence, it is visible that the
governmental authorities are required to increase their efficiency in setting up the industries
for the increasing the scope of employment for their own citizens with the objective of
creating a peaceful environment.
Conclusion:
On an ending note, it is visible that the process of peace building is largely affected by
the factors such as poor economic condition of the nations, inequalities and cultural
differences, unemployment, oppressive power in the leadership, corruption, riot and criminal
activities. On the other hand, all of the above mentioned factors are recognized as the factors
promoting the human insecurity. As the efficient management of the above mentioned factors
contribute to the peace building, the linkage between the human security and the process and
concept of peace building is pretty prominent. The activities for managing the human security
complements the process of peace building.

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