Globalization and Security: National & International Security Essay

This essay explores the multifaceted impact of globalization on national and international security, examining both the enhancements and the undermining effects. It delves into how globalization influences various dimensions, including economy, technology, and ideology, subsequently affecting national security through increased military spending, multilateral security institutions, and the rise of global terrorism. The essay also investigates the transformation of state functions and security concepts beyond political and military factors to encompass social, economic, and environmental aspects. Furthermore, it analyzes the interconnectedness of international security and globalization, discussing measures like diplomatic treaties and military actions. The essay highlights the decline in reliance on international organizations, the complexities introduced by geopolitical shifts, and the impact of events like the 9/11 attacks. It also addresses challenges such as crime, extremism, and ecological catastrophes, emphasizing the need for tolerance and cooperation to mitigate the negative consequences of globalization on security. The essay supports its arguments with relevant literature and practical examples.

Running head: GLOBALIZATION AND SECURITY
Globalization and Security
Name of the Student:
Name of University:
Author Note

1
GLOBALIZATION AND SECURITY
1) In what ways do you think globalization has enhanced and/or undermined security
at the national level in the region(s) of the world of your choice? Please explain why
and support your responses with clear references to the relevant literature and the
provision of detailed practical examples.
Globalization has effectively impacted varying dimensions which include
economy, communications and technology, norms and ideology as well as religion. The
globalizing mission has resulted in consequential effect in the national security of
countries. The effect have been felt in the armed forces worldwide. It is evident that
many countries have considerably increased the budget for their military funding and
hence also increased their size of armed forces to increase the national security (Steger
2017). There has also been increase in the participation of institutions which ensure
multilateral security. The challenge of terrorism is increasing globally. The attempts by
nations to increase national security is seemingly unfulfilled globally. This rapid rise in
tension within nations is mostly due to the xenophobia and indifference (Fjäder 2014).
Intolerance in people is leading to violent manifestations taking shape of security
breaches. Governments are being compelled to increase budget to ensure security by
increasing facilitating multilateral security within the nation.
Since the end of Cold War, because of globalization, there has been
transformation in the state functions and security which is related to the nations and its
people. The idea of national security is no longer restricted to the concepts of political
and military factors (Gaines and Kappeler 2019). It has extended to the social, economic
and environmental aspects. Due to the increased level of globalization and widespread of
exchanges there is diminished levels of security for the citizens. The effects are not only

2
GLOBALIZATION AND SECURITY
intensifying with respect to security outside the borders and nations but within too
(Kirshner 2013). At the center of the security of states lie the in initiative to sophisticate
the technology and operation of military. There have been numerous such examples of
breach of security which also include smuggling and trafficking. Many states failed to
cope up with the external changes as a result of which, the internal challenges increased.
2) In what ways do you think globalization has enhanced and/or undermined
international security in the region(s) of the world of your choice? Please explain
why and support your responses with clear references to the relevant literature and
the provision of detailed practical examples.
International security and Globalization is interconnected and they are in a unison
with the current economic and political scenario. Various measures are carried out in
order to ensure international security in the world politics. These measures include
diplomatic treaties as well as military actions (Steger 2017). There has been a gradual
decline in dependence and faith on international organizations which ensure security in
the contemporary world. The erosion of ideas which are associated with geopolitics and
international policies has complicated relation between nations (LaFree, Dugan and
Miller 2014). These tensions lead to interstate tension and wars. The most impactful
effect is caused due to terrorist activities such as the terror attacks of 11th September of
2001 which brought down the World Trade Center which stood as the symbol of
Globalization. The incident necessitated a restructuring of the vision associated with the
idea of Globalization and security issues related to it. It was a cumulative effect of the
growing level of political globalization. America’s attempt at gaining control over other
countries to assert power as the world leader increased turmoil and complexity (Andreas

3
GLOBALIZATION AND SECURITY
and Biersteker 2014). This attempt at improving position among nations in the world
were countered with terror activities by Al Qaeda. The Islamic Activists conjured the
terror attack as a retort to the Western hegemony and years of Cultural capitalism.
Differing views and lesser tolerance towards accommodating them only lead to outcomes
which are terrifying and must be paid attention to, in order to avoid detrimental
circumstances (Gaines and Kappeler 2019). Crime rates, extremism, ecological
catastrophes and weapon used for mass destruction are challenges which are increasing
rapidly across the globe, posing great troubles to maintain stability and security (Dunne
and Reus-Smit 2017). Globalization is the most influential force which has integrated and
advanced the world yet there are many dangers associated with it which have
consequential effect on social advancements and economy apart from the growing
concern regarding security of civilians.

4
GLOBALIZATION AND SECURITY
References
Andreas, Peter, and Thomas J. Biersteker. The rebordering of North America: integration and
exclusion in a new security context. Routledge, 2014.
Dunne, Timothy, and Christian Reus-Smit, eds. The globalization of international society.
Oxford University Press, 2017.
Fjäder, Christian. "The nation-state, national security and resilience in the age of globalisation."
Resilience 2, no. 2 (2014): 114-129.
Gaines, Larry K., and Victor E. Kappeler. Homeland Security and Terrorism. Pearson, 2019.
Kirshner, Jonathan. Globalization and national security. Routledge, 2013.
LaFree, Gary, Laura Dugan, and Erin Miller. Putting terrorism in context: Lessons from the
Global Terrorism Database. Routledge, 2014. 1
Steger, Manfred B. Globalization: A very short introduction. Vol. 86. Oxford University Press,
2017.