Factors, Trends and Popularity in Travel and Tourism Industry Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the international travel and tourism industry. It begins by discussing the milestones in the industry's development, highlighting how historical events have shaped its structure and current state, including the evolution of travel from pre-industrial times to the modern era. The report identifies key elements of the industry, such as transportation, accommodation, and attractions, and explores how these components interrelate to create the tourist experience. It delves into the factors that influence tourist behavior, including geographical, social, and educational factors, and examines different models of motivation that impact consumer decisions, such as cognitive and passive views. Furthermore, the report identifies recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry, and analyzes the factors affecting the popularity of various global destinations, offering insights into the industry's dynamic nature and its contribution to global economic development.

International Travel and
Tourism management

INTRODUCTION
Tourism means movement of a person or it means a person who is far away from their
place of residence. Travel and tourism means when a person spend some of their income and
occur some expenditure. Although it is not necessary all the time but most of the time travel
include the expense. The UNWTO, recommend the three basic tourism for the country;
domestic tourism; where all the activities related to tourism are done in the resident country.
Outbound tourism; resident go outside the country and the last one is inbound tourism; where
a non-resident visitor visit the country. This industry make up with nine component;
transport, accommodation, transport, attractions, travel agent, tour operators, ancillary
services, trade associations and event management. In this assignment, a report is prepared
for UNWTO, regarding development and different elements which gives the experience of
tourism and travel industry, evaluating the factor which driving for tourist behaviour, current
pattern and trends and different level of popularity related factors which affect the different
global destination.
MAIN BODY
PART 1
P1 Discuss the milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry and how they
have shaped the travel and tourism industry
Travel and tourism industry has faced the various milestone to develop the industry in
the UK. Generally there are three milestone or can say the history of the development of the
travel and tourism industry are:
Before 1945: in the ancient time or before 16th century people are living and based on
the agriculture life which was stationery. So they move seldom from one town or rural
community. In the beginning of the 18th century, in the period of industrial revolution, people
are starting moving from one rural area to another in the work of urban and factory
development. But only the richer elite class people are enjoying the travel sector.
1945-1979: In 1945, it can be concluded that this year was the main year of the
development of the travel and tourism industry. In the mid of 1950, only in UK, the tour
operators are started their journey and include more business related activities in their work to
influence the customers more. And after 1950, the package service are started to expand the
tour and travel industry.

1980 to current: by the 1980, most of the airlines started the services like,
arrangement of the holidays, medical services, hiring car and many more services which are
necessary for the travel. In 1990, in UK most of the big companies started their business. And
after 2000, tourism and travel industry become the main source of earning in the UK, air
travel improve their business more rapidly and railways started new offers and services for
the ones who are inbound customers or outbound customers. This industry are now help the
global economic development in the twenty first century. It improve the education related to
history and also enhance and support the other business of the industry.
The structure and shape of the travel and tourism industry are defined in five sectors
mainly which is given by Leiper’s; Departing travel, traveller generating region, transit route
region, tourist destination region and in last returning travels. These five are the mains shape
of the travel and tourism industry as they differentiate the travel industry according to their
nature. The first element is related to the tourist, next three related to geographical and
organizational sector and the last one related to the self-explanatory.
P2 identify the different elements of the travel and tourism industry and explore how they
interrelate to create the tourist experience
There are various elements which are included in the travel and tourism industry as
insurance, recreational, banking services, accommodations, your guides, packaging agent,
ticket agent and many more services which attract the tourist and increase their experience
which increase the profitability of the tourist and travel industry. The main principle of the
attraction is the location which help to invite more footfall. It may be the museum, heritage
building, a beautiful location with lakes and mountains, or even an educational centre and
many more attractive location. In the UK market, there are various more attraction places like
market area, monuments and travellers shops.
When it comes to element of the travel and tourism industry, the first element is
tourist; as they are the first and most important element of the industry without tourist this
industry can’t gain the success and benefits to the global level. Second element is
geographical location; location is the second most important element. As the location must be
attractive, assessable and easy to locate by the customers. This sector include three main
region which are; traveller generating region (TGR) means here the market breed fir tourism.
It means tourist try to collect the information from the market or industry and do all their
work by their own. This related to the demand aspect of the travel and tourism industry.

Second region is tourist destination region (TDR) this is also known as the sharp end of
tourism, the pull force of the destination activities start the whole tourism system. The
management and planning techniques are used in this sector. The last region is transit route
region (TRR) here the travel are used the destination in between the travelling, this is used for
the short period of time. This is the short period of time which is used to get the destination.
And now the third main element is travel industry; as they are responsible for managing and
organizing the whole industry in a right manner which help the customers to get the best
experience while traveling.
These elements are interrelate to each other and give the best experience to the
customers. The tourist, agency and the destination these three element are interrelated as only
a single element can’t get the best enjoyable movement during the travel. So all the element
are important and necessary to create the customers experience.
PART 2
P3 Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour
There are various factors which may affect the tourism behaviour and also tourist
behaviour. And this topic is the most researched topic for the tourism. As because tourist are
the main element of the travel and tourism industry so it is very important to check and
analysed that factor which may affect the tourism and tourist behaviour.
 Geographical factors: Factors like climatic condition, geographical factors, amenities,
advertisement and marketing are the factors which may affect the tourism behaviour
as these factors can alter the decision of the tourist and also affect the growth of the
business. Geographical factors are mostly affected with the location of the area as the
tourist visit to see the location so location must be impressive and attractive to
increase the more footprint of the tourist.
 Social factors: This factors include the person’s own created network like friends,
social media and family. Which may alter the decision of the tourist and change the
tourism behaviour. Social factors are mostly affected by tourist as by their own or
with some other influencers which are comes under their personal network.
 Place of origin: This include the tourist behaviour as where they come from and what
are their culture and atmosphere to work, think and react. North American have their
different culture, Japanese and Korean tourist mostly visit the places in the group

either with family or friends. UK tourist visits alone mostly they love to explore the
places.
 Tourism destination: Where the tourist visit and what are their destination is the
important aspect. As if their final destination have all the facilities related to
accommodation, electricity, water and clean surroundings than these factor must
affect the tourist behaviour which indirectly affect the tourism industry behaviour.
 Education of tourist: education is another factor which may affect the tourism
industry. As it create the wider range of choices, curiosity and the knowledge of the
places which they have. This will increase the interest of the tourist and majorly affect
the tourism behaviour.
There are many factors which may affect the tourism behaviour by different
environmental factors which may impact on the tourist decision. Research said that a tourist
may affect with the environment, interpersonal communication with friends and families,
advertisements, television, broachers and internet. So tourism industry often relay on the
publicity for making the communication in order to approach with the tourist in their place.
P4 Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision
There are various models of motivation which may affect the consumer decision
while making the decision regarding the travel and tourism.
Cognitive View: It is the theory basically based on the prospective of problem’s
solver thinking. It is the emotional or reasoning process, which may be based on the explicit
and tacit assumption or may be rational or irrational process. The most important factor is
that the customer may pursuit of information until a satisfactory solution is found. And once
the solution is found, the process of collecting the information is terminated. There are four
steps first one is to pre-defined goal, next step is to action plan. Third step is to implement the
plan and controlling it while the fourth step is to attainment or failure goal of the action plan.
The consumer’ physiological comes into the action while the action plan is identified,
this may be combined with the attitude, personality and depends on the consumer’s mind.
This perception will motivate the consumer to make the decision regarding the travel and
tourism industry.
Hierarchy of need: In this model it is said that the satisfying self-actualization need
must be completed by the customers in regards to getting the information from the products.
The main aim to this model is to satisfying the basic need of customers including

physiological, safety, social and esteem needs. Cognitive learning help the Maslow hierarchy
of need for the customers.
Passive view: This theory believe in manipulating the decision of the self-serving
interest and increase the promotional efforts of the marketers. This model is true in certain
extent but at the same time this model forgot or does not recognize that the customers play
the same role in making the decision regarding the purchase. Here the customer doesn’t do
any pre-purchase research and evaluation before buying the products and enjoying the
services. In B2C where the customers are absolutely unaware about the products and services
which are they are going to buy. This can be done in tourism industry as they the local sellers
and marketers can easily manipulate the tourists. And in B2B this theory is debatable as the
business person is complete their research before buying the products from the other sellers.
Here the marketers generally use marketing mix, to change the decision of the customers by
using different techniques they influence the buyer to buy the products.
PART 3
P5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry
PART 4
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
CONCLUSION
From the above assignment it is concluded that travel and tourism industry is
important for growing the economy at global level. Travel industry are developed after 1980
and get the success at the global level in twenty first century. There are various component
which gives the shape to the industry and help them to grow by their own. Also the different
element of this industry include tourist, geographical, personal, educational and personal
factors are the elements which affect the behaviour of the tourist and tourism. Models are
there which help the customers to make the decision regarding the purchase. Various pattern
and trends affect the tourism industry at high and help in making the decision to increase the
travel industry at international level. Furthermore the factors which affect the popularity of
the industry to the global range which make the industry at high and get the success as this
industry not only help their own but also help in grow to others small industry and increase
the global level of the country.

REFERENCES