Annotated Bibliography on International Tourism in Pokhara, Nepal

This annotated bibliography examines international tourism in Pokhara, Nepal, focusing on key factors affecting the tourism system. It analyzes five articles, including academic and non-academic sources, to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities. The bibliography explores the impact of tourism training programs, highlighting their contribution to economic growth and vocational training. It also examines the rise of adventure tourism, particularly mountain biking, and the impact of natural disasters on tourism. Furthermore, it investigates the relationship between tourism and export performance, as well as the influence of modern tourism trends. The bibliography concludes by emphasizing Nepal's cultural richness and its potential as a unique and authentic travel destination, particularly for millennial tourists. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the international tourism system in Nepal and suggests areas for future development.

Running Head: AB 0
Annotated Bibliography
International Tourism System
(Student Details: )
12/15/2019

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Annotated Bibliography
This annotated bibliography is based on researching international tourism in Pokhara, Nepal.
With the help of this bibliography, the key factors affecting the tourism of Nepal will be
identified, explained, and explored so that the international tourism system can be further
developed in the near future. In this way, the following discussion is based on five articles
including 3 academic and 2 non-academic articles as follows:
The chosen study is based on highlighting the effects of the training program in Nepal. With
the help of this research, the high impacts of the tourism training program have been
observed and noted in the context of Nepal. In this context, it has been found that these
programs are always aimed to contribute towards scalable, sustainable economic growth with
the implementation and development of a market-driven tourism training system while
targeting the informal economy. Apart from this, these training programs help to foster
innovative solutions so that vocational training can be given in tourism workers belong to
women, youth and the informal sector. This study has found the impacts of such tourism
training programs on Nepal tourism as people have limited access to adequate education for
enhancing their income as well as employability. Key challenges faced by the training
organizers have also been explored in this study. One of these challenges was the training of
the high number of beneficiaries from the informal field into Nepal tourism related to
education with a tight budget.
In addition to that, the High Impact Tourism Training Programme (HITT) has been found to
introduce creative and innovative teaching methods which contrasted dramatically with
conventional ways of education in the Pokhara, Nepal. In this way, this chosen study has set
the contours of the vocational and technical education and training field in Nepal. It has been
found that low skills and education levels always prevent access for a broad population to
future training and education. Moreover, education in Pokhara is highly demanded to fulfill
the economy’s requirement for a qualified workforce as well as the nation’s aspiration for
economic and social development of the society. Post analysing and developing training
programs within the private sector, it has been realised that most of the employers in the

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Pokhara trekking sector as well as in the hospitality sector, do not bother whether the
employees are having a certificate or not. However, these employers of the hospitality
industry should care about the education and training of their employees and staff. Thus, this
study has successfully identified the learners’ profile including literacy, numeracy, culture
and gender with their restrictions related to skills needed for the occupation.
The selected study is all about tourism in Pokhara, Nepal by highlighting the trending tourism
in Nepal. The authors have found that Nepal is emerging as a prime destination for upcoming
adventure mountain biking and many more. It is because, in Pokhara, Nepal new trails are
opening up as well as roads is reaching into previously inaccessible fields. This is a
privileged for adventurous mountain bikers as these new trails and riads are taking them to
Nepal’s mountains and hills. The article has focused on mountain biking in Nepal while
discussing key challenges as well. In this context, this discussion has mainly focused on
Nepal tourism and its new trends. The place owns so many great tourist destinations because
eight out of ten biggest mountains in the world are in Nepal. As we know, tourism is the
biggest industry in Nepal as well as the biggest source of revenue and foreign exchange.
Apart from this, if we talk about Pokhara, then it is a popular site for mountaineers,
millennial tourists, and people seeking adventure.
The article is suggesting that even after suffering from many natural disasters, the tourist
destination Pokhara, Nepal is growing and developing again. Authors have highlighted that
Pokhara, Nepal is known for the majestic Himalayas as well as natural beauty. In addition,
the research has found the destination a land of diversity and thereby colorful festivals. The
tourism of Pokhara, Nepal is having huge opportunities related to sustainable tourism because
there are colorful festivals during monsoon based on the lunar calendar. Furthermore, Nepal
in the rainy season can be a life-long experience for any person. In this way, this study
conducted on biking and trekking in the mountains of Nepal has successfully concluded that
Nepal is pedaling towards the novel form of modern tourism.

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This study is based on researching about global tourists’ responses towards a natural disaster
in the context of Nepal. The paper has included the experiences of the year 2015 earthquake
into Nepal among all of the Israeli travellers. In addition to that, a scarcity of research in the
experiences of foreign travellers is already exposed to natural disasters. Apart from this, the
qualitative study has successfully explored the experiences of the earthquake in 2015 in the
region of Nepal. In this way, the study has conducted in-depth interviews with the total of
twenty-one backpackers. These backpackers were travelling in Nepal during the 2015
earthquake. Therefore, the findings were based on thematic analysis done in key themes
include quick recovery, emotional turmoil, connection with army and springing into action.
In addition to that, this study has found that travellers during the earthquake used their
problem-solving skills while creating a community of support and action as well as searching
their own history for the same circumstances which can offer a sense of competence. Based
on this research and analysis, it can be said that foreign travellers respond with emotional
turmoil at the beginning of the disaster. Later then, these Israeli travellers in Nepal actively
searched for different ways to cope up with the situation.
With this study and research, the authors have researched on the way tourism can effectively
motivate better export performance as well as divergence into the region of Pokhara, Nepal.
In addition, this paper has found that surviving and entering export markets is indeed a cost-
ineffective process that offers to learn about the presence of foreign demands. This paper has
talked about the role of international tourism strategies in Nepal touristic development while
discovering production costs, succeeding in product branding, building up a reputation in
order to reduce competitive pressure for upgrading the quality. In this context, this article has
argued that tourism in Pokhara, Nepal has also explored how contemporary tourism can
affect domestic economic performance. Aforementioned analysis suggests that an empirical
link exists between the exports of niche goods and the inflow of tourists in the case of Nepal

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for the period 1990-2011. In other words, the study has concluded that tourism can actually
act as a platform for improving export performance in already prevailing conventional
products. Thus, through facilitating learning, Nepal tourist inflows minimize the costs of self-
discovery linked to exportable products while bringing a sample of an international market to
the regional economy. Furthermore, the authors have found that tourism acts as a springboard
for domestic goods promotion. Moreover, tourism acts as a less-budget in-house trade fair,
with an easy access for the whole domestic producers. In this way, such mechanisms
influence both on the intensive as well as extensive margins of exports. The research has
found that Nepal promotional role that is played from international tourism promotes exports
both at the extensive and intensive margins. In whole, this article about the international
tourism system has successfully combined export data with tourism data at the begin-year
level while being focused on the impacts of tourism on already prevailing export flows.
The chosen study has talked about modern tourism trends in Nepal based on recent news. The
author suggests that there are some international destinations which can be as attractive to the
Bangladeshi tourists as Nepal. In addition to that, as per the article research, airfare prices of
Kathmandu have become reasonable now. Besides, travel costs inside Pokhara, Nepal are
now affordable. Based on this study, it can be said that visa-on-arrival and E-visa
arrangments are now available to Bangladeshi passport holders very conveniently. The author
has highlighted the need for addressing the problem of increased tourist traffic in the favour
of both nations include Nepal and Bangladesh.
In addition, the article has found that Bangladeshi tourists always account for 1 in five tourist
arrivals. Apart from this, this paper has compared the living standards in both nations. The
findings are suggesting that the potential for tourism is continuously growing in Nepal as
compared to Bangladesh. With the rising living standards, the international tourism system is
growing at a high rate which is beneficial for the travellers from the whole world. In the
context of Nepal tourism, the whole system and government are putting their utmost efforts
so that the nation can welcome the tourists. Apart from this, the author has found reasons why
Nepal tourism needs to revive its growth and development. It can be said that touristic
destination is a culturally-rich Himalayan country owing lots of snow-capped mountains.

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While discussing Nepal, the author has found that the best trekking trails of the world are in
Nepal. These best trekking trails include Kanchenjunga, Manaslu, Mount Everest and
Annapurna. In addition to that, Pokhara, Nepal is a key religious center while also housing
pilgrimage locations for Hinduism as well as Buddhism followers. It is worth knowing that
crime rates in Nepal are low, which makes it a safe travel destination.
In whole, this annotated bibliography has successfully covered the key challenges, trends,
and points related to international tourism in Pokhara, Nepal. It has been found that Nepal is
having powerful ancient cultures while also being the most dramatic scenery worldwide. In
addition, this annotated bibliography is suggesting that Pokhara, Nepal is a land of unique
experience and discovery in relation to tourism. Based on this research, it can be said that
Pokhara, Nepal is an ideal destination for all of the millennial tourists who are able to value
an experience that is mesmerizing and authentic from the tourism perspective.

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