International Law: Anti-trust and Trade Regulation - Economic Impact

This report delves into the intricacies of international law, focusing on anti-trust and trade regulations and their profound impact on sustainable economic development, particularly in developing nations. It explores the forces of globalization, analyzing how they shape agricultural and trade policies, and examines the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in economic growth. The report highlights the influence of international trade bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO) on domestic policies and discusses environment protection agreements. It outlines strategies employed by developing nations, such as attracting foreign investment, utilizing their populations effectively, developing trade ties, embracing technology and e-commerce, and improving the ease of doing business, to achieve sustainable economic development. The analysis covers key economic indicators, trade agreements, and the role of service sectors in contributing to GDP. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of effective economic, trade, and agricultural policies in navigating the challenges of globalization and fostering economic progress.

Running head: INTERNATIONAL LAW ANTI-TRUST & TRADE REGULATION
International Law Anti-trust & Trade Regulation
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Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................3
Sustainable Economic Development:..............................................................................................3
Impact on developing nations:.........................................................................................................3
Forces of globalization and its effects on agricultural and trade policies:..................................4
Foreign Direct Investment decisions:..........................................................................................4
Influence of international trade bodies on the domestic trade and agricultural policies:............5
Role of WTO in globalized world:..............................................................................................6
Environment protection agreements:...........................................................................................7
Strategy by developing nations to achieve SED:.............................................................................7
Attracting foreign investment into the country:...........................................................................8
Effective use of population:.........................................................................................................8
Developing trade ties with developed nations:............................................................................8
Use of technology and innovation:..............................................................................................9
E-commerce:................................................................................................................................9
Ease of business:..........................................................................................................................9
Huge contribution by service sectors:..........................................................................................9
Conclusions:..................................................................................................................................10
References:....................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction:
The economic progress and development of a nation depends on the ability of the country
to strategically use its economic, trade and agricultural policies. The trade economic and
agriculture policies are all integral part of overall governance of a country. Generally the elected
governments of sovereign nations such Canada, United States of America, India and others have
the responsibility to use trade and agricultural policies to achieve economic progress and
development.
Sustainable Economic Development:
The economy of a country is primarily dependant on the economic, agricultural and trade
policies of the country. A nation will never proposer if it fails to merge the trade and agricultural
policies in a manner suitable for the economic prosperity and development of the nation.
Neglecting any one at the behest of other would resulted in economic discomfort in the future
(Sassen, 2016).
In developing nations the governments look to take initiatives to achieve sustainable
development and economic progress by conglomeration of economic, trade and agricultural
policies. Understanding the importance of globalization for developing countries is even more
critical than developed nations. Use of Foreign Direct Investments in different sectors and
industries could have major implications to the overall economy of developing countries hence,
proper strategy shall be followed (Storey, 2016).
Impact on developing nations:
A developing country like India which is also one of the fasted growing economy in the
world has to balance its economic and trade affairs along with agricultural aspects to ensure

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SED. Despite one of the fastest growing economy Indian economy to a large extent is still
dependant on the agricultural activities. Considering the immense importance of agriculture and
its prosperity for the overall development of the country, number of initiatives have been taken to
introduce advanced technology and innovative ideas to increase agricultural productivity. Thus,
the agricultural policy of the country is equally important along with trade and economic policies
(Giddens, 2018).
Forces of globalization and its effects on agricultural and trade policies:
Subsequent to the globalization the internal boundaries between countries have been
almost wiped off to allow free flow of economic and trade activities between different countries.
The strategy to deal with the forces of globalization has played a major role in the economic
progress and development of a nation. The country which have used economic policies effectives
have been managed to achieve sustainable advantage over nations that have failed to realize the
opportunities that globalization offers (Charles Jr, Schmidheiny & Watts, 2017).
Foreign Direct Investment decisions:
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) decisions in a developing country like India has a major
implications on the growth of the economy and progress of the country. India decided to allow
FDI in its economy in the year 1994 and opened its economy to the rest of the world since then.
The amount of FDI in the economy of the country since then has increased significantly.
However, in recent years there has been significant decline in FDI in the economy. The
following graph shows the fluctuations in FDI in the country since 1996.

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It is clearly visible from the above graph that the FDI has increased significantly in the country’s
economy since 1996. The economic progress and development of the country to a significant
over the last two decades have been mainly due to the strategy of the country to use FDI.
Influence of international trade bodies on the domestic trade and agricultural
policies:
With ever increasing effects of globalization the importance of international trade
organizations such as World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF)
and other such organizations have increased significantly. The policies of these organizations
have started to gain importance in all across the globe however, as these organizations operate as
per the voting rights of different countries, it is obvious that larger economies such as USA,
Russia, Canada and other such countries have major role in these organizations compared to
relatively smaller nations (Charter, 2017).

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Role of WTO in globalized world:
In an increasingly globalized world the role of WTO in trade and economic affairs have
increased simultaneously with the implementation of globalization. WTO has a major role in
determining the international trade policies and the member countries of the organization are
bound to comply with these trade policies. Developing and underdeveloped nations have faced
increasing amount of trouble to formulate trade and agricultural policies suitable for the
economic progress and development of these nations due to the trade policies of WTO that
allows significant leverage to developed nations as opposed to developing and under developed
nations. It is a challenge for developing and under developed nations to formulate effective
economic, trade, import and export policies with the objective of achieving economic prosperity
and development (Coale & Hoover, 2015).
Multi-lateral trade rules and its effects:
WTO in total has 149 member countries. However, the voting rights of member countries are not
equal and since the organization is run as per majority rules often the agreement signed by the
organization is in favour of advanced and developed nations and not so much in the interests of
developing and under developed nations (Cypher, 2014).
GATT:
The General Agreement on Trade and Tariff signed by all the member countries and 4 other
countries thus totalling to one hundred and fifty three countries is claimed to be the most
successful trade agreement also has significant amount of challenges to the developing countries.
Regional Trade Agreements:

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WTO has signed numerous regional trade agreements (RTA) in recent years. In fact the graph
below shows the evolution of RTA since 1940.
It is clearly visible in the above graph that there has been a huge increase in RTA since 1992.
The RTA has often act as drawbacks to the developing and underdeveloped countries (Gay,
2016).
Environment protection agreements:
Apart from that there has been number of agreement signed by the member countries of
WTO on environment protection issues. All these agreements are mostly in favour of advanced
and developed economies and are deterrent to the path of development for developing and under
developed nations such as China, India, Brazil and others (Lippit, 2018).
Strategy by developing nations to achieve SED:
Despite the number of issues mentioned above countries such China, India, Brazil and
other developing nations have continued on the path economic growth and prosperity to achieve

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sustainable economic development (SED) by use of effective economic, trade, import export and
agricultural policies. Especially countries such as India and China which also have significant
proportion of their total Gross Domestic Products (GDP) contributed by the agricultural sector
have used following strategies to achieve SED (Carley & Christie, 2017).
Attracting foreign investment into the country:
Both India and China have been very successful in attracting foreign investments. In fact
both the countries are two of the most desirable destination for foreign investors. In recent years
however, there have been little drop in FDI in India but according to the experts, it is only a
passing phase and the country will again be back on track as far as FDI is concerned
(Schumpeter, 2017).
Effective use of population:
Both China and India are two of the most populous countries on the face of the planet.
Thus, there is no dearth in demand in both these countries. Hence, for investors both the
countries are extremely attractive. China in comparison to India have better utilized its
population as far as equality in national income level is concerned. Both countries have used the
population effectively in the economic decision and policies (Leigh & Blakely, 2016).
Developing trade ties with developed nations:
Entering into economic and trade ties with advanced economies around the world is
extremely important for developing nations. Developing countries like China, India and Brazil
have showed the world how developing trade ties with advanced economies around the globe can
positively fuel the economic growth and prosperity. These nations over the years have entered
into number of trade agreements with advanced economies such USA, Russia, Canada, France

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and other Western and European countries to fuel economic growth in their respective countries
(Frank, 2018).
Use of technology and innovation:
Both India and China have most number of smart phone users in all across the globe
along with United States of America. The country has made effective use of advanced
technology and innovation to connect individual with market places. As a result the path to
economic development and progress in these countries have smoothen.
E-commerce:
It is expected that by the end of 2025 India will be the global hum of e-commerce with
estimated sales expend to cross multi billion dollars. Similarly China has also seen a significant
increase in the e-commerce activities with the revenue of e-commerce giants such as Alibaba and
other companies’ sky rocketing in recent years. Both the countries have used the potential of e-
commerce to strengthen the respective economies.
Ease of business:
Governments in developing countries like China, India Brazil and other nations have
taken specific steps to improve the infrastructure and other conditions to make it easier for
investors to conduct business in these countries. As a result all these countries have seen
significant increase in of economic and business activities (Leigh & Blakely, 2016).
Huge contribution by service sectors:
The share of contributions of service sector to the GDP of developing nations has
increased significantly over the years. One of the reasons that these nations have managed to

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achieve SED is due to the increase amount contributions to the GDP of these nations by services
sectors.
Conclusions:
Despite the number of issues faced by the developing nations in their endeavour to
achieve sustainable economic development the economic, trade and agricultural policies have
helped the countries like India, China, Brazil and other developing nations to achieve sustainable
economic development and continue on the path of development. The globalization has also
helped these countries to expand the economies of these nations.

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References:
Carley, M., & Christie, I. (2017). Managing sustainable development. Routledge.
Charles Jr, O. H., Schmidheiny, S., & Watts, P. (2017). Walking the talk: The business case for
sustainable development. Routledge.
Charter, M. (2017). Greener marketing: A responsible approach to business. Routledge.
Coale, A. J., & Hoover, E. M. (2015). Population growth and economic development. Princeton
University Press.
Cypher, J. (2014). The process of economic development. Routledge.
Frank, A. G. (2018). The development of underdevelopment. In Promise of development (pp.
111-123). Routledge.
Gay, R. D. (2016). Effect of macroeconomic variables on stock market returns for four emerging
economies: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The International Business & Economics
Research Journal (Online), 15(3), 119.
Giddens, A. (2018). Globalization. In Sociology of Globalization (pp. 19-26). Routledge.
Leigh, N. G., & Blakely, E. J. (2016). Planning local economic development: Theory and
practice. SAGE publications.
Lippit, V. D. (2018). The economic development of China (Vol. 9). Routledge.
Low, P. (2016). International trade and the environment. UNISIA, (30), 95-99.

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Sassen, S. (2016). The Global City: Strategic Site, New Frontier. In Managing Urban
Futures (pp. 89-104). Routledge.
Schumpeter, J. A. (2017). Theory of economic development. Routledge.
Storey, D. J. (2016). Understanding the small business sector. Routledge.