International Trade Law: RTA, GATT, Brexit Impact on UK Trade

This report provides an in-depth analysis of international trade law, specifically focusing on the United Kingdom's trade agreements. It explores the implications of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the Most Favored Nation (MFN) principle within the context of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit). The report examines the complications faced by the UK in maintaining trade relationships, including the impact on Commonwealth nations and the challenges related to tariff liberalization and trade deflection. It further discusses the effects of Brexit on UK trade, highlighting the shift in trade dynamics and the UK's ability to negotiate its own trade agreements. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding international trade law in navigating the complexities of global commerce and its impact on the UK.

Law of International
Trade

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..............................................................................................................................................3
RTA Agreements.....................................................................................................................................3
Complications faced by UK.....................................................................................................................4
GATT Agreement....................................................................................................................................5
MFN ( Most favored nations)..................................................................................................................5
Brexit and its impact on UK and EU.......................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCE..............................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
International trade law is mainly the set of legal rules through which all the regulations
and the relations in international level can be maintained. It implies all the treaties and the acts
through which the intergovernmental organizations used to regulate the relationship (Gehring,
2018).It covers all the rules and the customers through which various trade relations are being
maintained in the countries and all the imports with the material injury through the domestic
industries can be carried out. Report will cover all the important agreements that are being done
by UK for being in the Commonwealth area and also about the most favored nation MFN with
certain impact on UK on the withdrawal from European Union. Will also deal with GATT
agreement and various complications that are being seen in RTA agreement.
MAIN BODY
RTA Agreements
RTA agreements are usually the non-discriminating trade agreements between the
partners as in order to constitute the exemptions which are being authorized by WTO. It is
mainly all the treaties which are being signed between two or more governmental organizations
which used to agree in order to offer an important treatment in relation to trade between the
goods that are being imported from outside the region. There are approximately 339 RTA which
in force and are being notified by GATT or from WTO. As there is being seen that there is
always a free trade between all the Commonwealths nations they had removed the resign through
which it will not be any preference system. As in order to get interest in the Commonwealth UK
has when removed itself from EU member states that made and re-joining as to get in the
Commonwealth (Gunadi, 2018). As UK being a member of WTO and was always being availed
in order to sign all the treaties which are being made between the countries through RTA is being
made for it.

WTO has been complimenting RTA helps out to implicate all the regionalism with
certain undertakings as it helps out to include the applications through RTA will embrace in
making the countries who are partner of WTO in a positive manner.
`All the companies who are being the origin from RTA able to liberalize all the rules and can
maintain and improve the standard of trade coverage.UK has undergone through all the efforts of
trade related aspects will be able to utilize their mechanism and can negotiate around with certain
disputes settlement and all the trade relations aspects in various ways.
All the activities which are being included through RTA is used to need further expansion as
from WTO and help out maintain the competitive consideration of trading in UK by diverting it
to certain countries (Lester, Mercurio, and Davies, 2018).
Complications faced by UK
 As in UK was being a part of RTA there has been seen that it can enable it to negotiate on
various trade agreements and through which it can thereby be Able to maintain the trade
agreements with certain WTO and all the EU. As it helps out for all the developing
Commonwealth countries.
 In order to maintain the free trade it is important that the Commonwealth has attained an
interest in UK and its various parties. There Being seen that all the RTAs Effects a party
in multilateral trading as they had to be a proper competition and also the further foreign
direct investments. In order to maintain the three disciplines and the negotiations
throughout the country all the outcomes and the involvement of WTO is an important
factor.
 There has been a raised a complex scenarios where all the preferential treatment is being
given in order to prevent the trade deflection that means all the transshipment And the
further hi customs in union are being involved in it which made it difficult for UK to
maintain the trade relations (Paquin, 2021).
 Tariff liberalization and the schedules have been given to the increasing RTA countries.
As there is being seen the WTO system used to communicate on all the explored area
through which the liberalization in all the international trade can take place with certain

multilateral system and UK not being the member was always being complicated with the
system of doing the global business and reading through the members.
 As in the emergent trading relations and the development in various conflagrations
countries used to opt the RTA for available means end a smooth functioning of trading
which affected UK as not being the natural trading partner of all.
GATT Agreement
The general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) is usually a legal agreement which is
formed between the countries in order to maintain and promote the international relations of
trade by eliminating all the trade barriers like the tariffs and Quotas etc. It came into effect on 1
January 1948. It helps out to reduce all the substantial reduction in the tariff and also eliminate
dust trade barriers on various mutual bases. The GATT was first being introduced by UN
conference on trade and employment through which the government has made an international
trade organization. It is the member of WTO and also frames to European committees, reduced
to set the rules for the nation to do certain trade work for the goods and services.
All the world economy and the stability is being dependent on the trade policy and their
environment into all the tariff reductions and the liberalization in the trade practices helps out to
maintain the effective business in all over area by contributing the rationalization and policy
uncertainty (Pirlot, 2017).
As UK has been withdrawn from European Union and in order to maintain the trade
conditions in all the UK and EU it used to play an important role by maintaining the final
agreement.
It aims out to maintain the rules and also restrict all the costly features which are being made
while the countries that frame in the treaties for exchanging trades and business practices.
All the WTO member countries used to imply the responsibility for the proper Council of trade
in goods and also to maintain the committees and the country.
As this agreement use to provide the essential help to all the countries as through the
method of implicating all the companies and their working n various mediums. It implicates the
areas and the essential areas through which they will help out to make the better trade relation
and their aspectual behavioral approach in the country and in all areas. The UK always tends to
look forward towards all the agreement and the mutual interest in the followed core group

section, this provides the nature and the main functional, method of working all the medium and
their tariff are being concerned or all the treaties that are being certainly basic and the important
part of the company and their required areas of aspects.
MFN ( Most favored nations)
Most favored nations are usually all the countries which is being recipient of all this treatment
should get the equal treatment of trade advantages is the most favored nation it helps to grant out
the countries to do trade business practices with low tariff and high importing facilities. It used to
maintain the relationship as it follows both GATT and WTO, all the. Non-discriminatory areas in
the partners in the countries are being applied and insured for equal trading in it. The main aim is
to maintain a fair treatment for all the WTO country members and also to advocate with equality
of trade policy and also to designate the nation by giving the special consideration from WTO.
As MFN has all the EUs trade agreements And UK being not the part of it effects in the free
treatment and fair treatment in all these partnerships (Shaffer, and Fleurbaey, 2018).
All the mutual recognition in agreements are also being excluded by MFN as that is also
being rejected by EU, so UK is being affected by that. MFN is also been implicated with the EU
and through which it makes UK to freely negotiate for all the trade agreements as it make the
countries to get a better treatment and respect of investment in all the areas and UK as being
already the member of EU will seemingly get all the rights that are being framed. All the
integrations and the establishment in the equity restrictions can be carried out by it as an
optimum member of the work.
UK can thereby utilize all the exceptions which are being given in MS and they are like:
Agreement which is being created in an internal market area. All agreements which required the
legislation in approximation and also for the right of establishment in granting mutual rights. The
various recognition measures are being provided.Thus, MFN provides the cost of granting to all
the UK dealing as by the free of existing in FTA partners thereby it also provides that UK can
utilize all the exceptions of MFN while negotiating with other countries for a fair dealing in trade
practices. UK can thereby negotiate all of them their clauses with a certain agreements and
practices as the favored nation they can get an equal rights and opportunity of being working in
all the trade practices an analysis (Suttle, 2017).

As all the most favored nations keep are usual benefit in all the areas of GATT and
through which all the equal and non-discrimination in the trading practice used to take place, this
implicates to maintain the normal lifestyle and also to sanction the treaties which thereby helps
out to follow the natural and the ingrown process.
UK as ones being tired from the European Union has always got the favorable as giving
the low tariff in all the areas where the treaties and have to be signed. All such trade agreements
and the favored business of importing the items which have been taken place in UK being
counted under it
Brexit and its impact on UK and EU
UK and the European Union were in a membership before the above years but there were
a withdrawal by UK through EU. Brexit is mainly the withdrawal of UK from the EU, as it is
being the only country that has left the Europeans committees. As there were certain situations
that has been developed through which the establishment and the significant importance of the
UK was being affected. As being earlier seen that when UK was a part of European Union all the
trade agreements and the negotiations with the trade practices were used to deal with the
methods of EU (Trachtman, 2019).They used to get free treatment with all the Commonwealth
countries and it maintained out that several areas like for the convention and the free trade
practices are being covered.
As it in return when the exit of UK from EU has taken place the Commonwealth is thereby more
important to UK but with that there were several changes which came in as under like UK earlier
was not being able to do that free trade practice with any of the country without involvement in
the rules and regulations that are being given by the EU, there can be an easy approach for UK to
practice any trade relation with the countries and also helps to sign the treaties and communicate
in all the matters that are being important to them.
Brexit helped out UK to take their own decision And to maintain further balance between all the
areas of treaties and the tariffs that are being recorded eventually by EU. While before this it was
quite difficult for UK to maintain any provides their decisions regarding the treaties and
sanctions.
As there was seen that there were some impacts that have been affected UK after being removed

from EU as certain benefits are being given to all the countries who are the part of European
Union‘s and UK after getting removed from it has lacked that part. All the EU countries has a
facility to participate in the Commonwealth in all the areas that are being generally covered
under the Commonwealth system and when analysed UK being after removal was not being able
to Maintain their value an image in the programs and the sports activities.
Further there were a reduction of all the migrating agreements and also In all the areas which
used to affect the country and the trading business practices as by then all of them favorably
impacted the nation and the practices that are being governed from the import and export of
goods and all the signs made between certain countries and the features (Voon, 2017)
Their improvising and channelizing the mediums in the policies which are being made by
the government UK turns out to be in a well mannered form and by maintaining the image in the
market value and also India specific features and areas.
Thus all this nature and the various factors has impacted back to Brexit in more space and
also framed out to change the behavior approach in the trade practices in the barrier that are
being covered in the international practice of importing and exporting all the goods and services
for market area.
Impact
There were several impacts that have been come after the Brexit has taken place they are as
follows:
 As in the term of effects it affected the economic power of the countries and also
maintains the in certainty in various areas with the investment in business and
employment.
 Several new investments with UK have been reduced and also there were various
migrating agreements which were being with the other countries were struggling.

 So many of agreements were being came into an end as the UK was found to be in with
drawl of agreements and was made to revise all such methods that in enlarge the
agreement areas.
All the agreed agricultural policies came to an end through which the government financial
support was being provided to UK and also affected the negotiation and all the treaties that will
be made earlier.UK after leaving the European union has made the single market in all the air
travelling and also change their service agreements with various IT systems through the required
operations (Zhang, Chen, and Li, 2017).
CONCLUSION
From this above report it is concluded the national rate law helps out to maintain all the
trade practices within the countries, RTA agreement being made to protect the country from
motorists and to make a proper global trade agreements and treaties. GATT helps out to frame all
the trade practices in several areas. Most favored nations have an important effect and impact on
UK in all the Commonwealth countries. Furthermore it is also analyze that there was a major
impact of withdrawal of UK from EU as there was most of the treaties that were being affected
and all the regulations for interchange after the emergence of Brexit.
REFERENCE
Books and Journals
Gehring, M., 2018. Subnational Participation in International Trade Law: Options for the
European Union.
Gunadi, A., 2018. The Usa-China Trade War: Import Restrictions From The International Trade
Law. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI), 7(10).
Lester, S., Mercurio, B. and Davies, A., 2018. World trade law: text, materials and commentary.
Bloomsbury Publishing.
Paquin, S., 2021. Trade paradiplomacy and the politics of international economic law: the
inclusion of Quebec and the exclusion of Wallonia in the CETA negotiations. New
political economy, pp.1-13.
Pirlot, A., 2017. Environmental Border Tax Adjustments and International Trade Law: Fostering
Environmental Protection. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Shaffer, G. and Fleurbaey, M., 2018. Adapting trade policy to social, environmental, and
development goals. T20 Policy Brief Draft.
Suttle, O., 2017. Distributive justice and World trade law: a political theory of International
trade regulation (Vol. 36). Cambridge University Press.
Trachtman, J.P., 2019. Functionalism, Fragmentation, and the Future of International (Trade)
Law: The 2018 Robert E. Hudec Lecture in International Economic Law. The Journal
of World Investment & Trade, 20(1), pp.15-31.
Voon, T., 2017. Restricting trade in cultural property: national treasures at the intersection
between cultural heritage and international trade law.
Zhang, J., Chen, Y. and Li, Y., 2017. Analysis of genetically modified food induced international
trade law issues. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 23(1).