Comprehensive Report: International Travel and Tourism Development

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the international travel and tourism industry. It begins by outlining key milestones that have shaped the sector, such as the introduction of holiday packages, transportation acts, and the development of low-cost airlines and the internet. The report then identifies the core elements of the industry: accessibility, accommodation, and attraction, and explores their interrelationships. It delves into the factors influencing tourist behavior, including geographical, economic, and cultural considerations. Furthermore, the report examines models of motivation impacting buying decisions, such as physical, cultural, interpersonal, and status motivations. It also identifies recent and emerging patterns and trends in the UK's travel and tourism sector, and concludes by analyzing the factors affecting the popularity of various global destinations. This report is a valuable resource for understanding the complexities and dynamics of the international travel and tourism landscape.

INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL
AND TOURISM

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
LO 1................................................................................................................................................2
P1 Key Milestone which has shaped the travel and tourism industry....................................2
P2 Different elements of the travel and tourism industry......................................................3
LO 2................................................................................................................................................4
P3 Factors that affect tourism behavior..................................................................................4
P4 models of motivation impacting buying decision.............................................................6
LO 3................................................................................................................................................7
P5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends.............................................................7
LO 4................................................................................................................................................8
P6 factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations.....................................8
CONCLUSISON.............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
International tourism refers to tourism that crosses national borders. International tourism is
generally defined as a tourism in which traveler used to travel to another nation to carry out the
variety of the different purpose of tourism. This report highlights the different key milestone
involve in the tourism sector. After that the report goes on to highlights the different element of
travel and tourism industry and relation between all of them. After that the report highlights the
different factor which used to influence the tourism behavior and also motivational factor which
used to motivate the customer to have global travel. After that the report highlights the different
trend which is prevailing in the travel and tourism industry of UK. In the end the report
highlights the different factor which used to impact the selection of Global destination in the
international market.
LO 1
P1 Key Milestone which has shaped the travel and tourism industry
There were many different type of development which has taken place in the past to drive the
global travel and tourism sector. Some of the key Milestone or developments are as follows:
Holiday Package: First development after introduction of tourism Act in the year 1969
was introduction of package holiday in the year 1970. As in the past travel only means travelling
from one place to another but introduction of Holiday package has brought the services in which
different organization together used to offer service to consumer in market. This has enhanced
the customer satisfaction in the industry. As this has helped the consumer in saving good sort of
cost out of their travel. Also, with the help of the same they are able to plan their travel more
efficiently and effectively (Ivanov and Webster, 2017).
Transportation Act (1980-85) and Package travel regulation (1992): These are
another two key milestone in the history of travel and tourism sector. Transportation Act 1980-
85 has provided a good sort of support to coach companies in the nation. As After
implementation of this act, private business was also allowed to travel on any route. This had
resulted in increasing the number of transportation facility for consumer. Also introduction of
Package travel regulation has brought variety of the compliance to be followed by different tour
offering organization. This has shaped the travel industry in positive way as this has brought
good sort of responsibility for tour operator and customers in the market.
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Developments of Low cost Airline (1995) and reduce in passenger duty: 1995 was
the year in which Airline organization such as Ryan Air and Thomson has started offering low
cost Air travel services to the consumer in the market. At the same time reduce in passenger duty
in the year 1996 has also reduced the cost of travel in global travel industry (Svensson and et.al.,
2018). This has eventually helped the company in getting better number of the customer in travel
industry. International travel was the one sector that has seen good amount of growth in the
market. As more number of the customer were drive toward having a international travel.
Development of Internet: This is seen to be one of the key milestone which has taken
place in past and has impacted the travel industry very positively. As Introduction of internet has
foster the amount of the technology used in Travel industry and it has also helped the
organization in improving the level of customer satisfaction in the organization. As internet has
brought good amount of comfort in the industry, this has eventually helped the travel industry in
getting better number of the customer.
Other than this milestone there are many other development which has also taken place
in the industry. Some of other developments are Development of super ship, Currency
restriction, and Transport white paper (Sun and Lin, 2019).
P2 Different elements of the travel and tourism industry
Looking at the different element of the Travel tourism it has been find out their are three
main element of Tourism industry i.e. Accessibility, Accommodation and Attraction. All the
three element used to have a good relationship with each other and plays a very crucial role in
satisfying the different need of the customer in the market.
Accessibility: This element generally includes the different type of transportation service
provider i.e. Air, Railways, Road and sea. Airways, these services are generally used for both
domestic as well as international travel. This is one of the fastest ways of transport. Railways
and Road, this type of transportation is used for the purpose of domestic travel only, they are the
cheapest form of transport. Sea, it is the transport which is most commonly used for
international travel (Zhou, 2019). This is one of the most expensive and time consuming
transport of all mention. Accessibility element of travel used to share a positive relationship
with other element of tourism. As this element of tourism industry used to bring the customer for
the other element to offer their services and satisfy their need in the market. This is the initial
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element of tourism industry as all customers generally used to opt for different transportation
platform to start their travel in the nation.
Accommodation: Accommodation is another important element of tourism industry. As it
is the place where tourist or the traveller used to get the shelter and find food and in return of the
same used to pay for it. There are many different type of the Accommodation from a seven star
hotel to a budget class hotel in the nation. Class of the hotel is generally defined by the quality
and effectiveness of the different service which is offered by the hotel. Generally
Accommodation element used to work as a intermediate element which used to link the
Accessibility element of travel with the Attraction element of the travel. As Accommodations
service used to maintain the relationship with different transportation service provider, this
eventually help them in getting the customer very easily (Jovicic, 2019). At the same time they
also educate customer about the different attraction location of the nation. This element is one of
the most crucial elements toward customer satisfaction.
Attraction: This element is considered as one of the important element of tourism. This is
the factor which used to build the desire in the consumer to have a travel to the location.
Generally this element used to have relationship with both the other element as well. As local
accessibility facility is generally prevail by different customer to have a visit of different
location. At the same time Accommodation element of tourism industry used to provide the
crucial support of comfort to all the customer who are desire to have a visit of different location.
Different attraction locations are Monuments, Museums, Zoo, river, beaches and Art Galleries
(Nugraha, Putri and Suprihanto, 2018).
Looking at the relationship between all the three elements it can be said that all three
elements is interlinked with each other to maximize the level of customer satisfaction in the
market.
LO 2
P3 Factors that affect tourism behavior
Behaviour of different consumer in tourism area is one of the most debatable research areas in
tourism industry. As understanding the behaviour of different consumer in the market is very
tough task. Some factor which generally used to drive the tourism behaviour are as follows:
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Geographical factor: It is the one of the factor which is considered by all customers
before deciding to have a travel in that location. Customer always considers having a look over
the factor such as climate and physical feature before deciding. As customer always prefers to
have a travel to the location where there is presence of good physical feature and always desire
to have a location where there is good amount of climate stability.
Economy factor: It is another factor which used to drive the interest level of different
consumer toward different consumer in the market. As consumer looks at maintain a good
lifestyle so they always looks to visit the location which is very strong in the context of the
economy of the nation. Different Economy factor which are generally look by consumer are rate
of employment, inflation and currency rate of different nation.
Culture factor : It is another factor which used to drive the behavior of different
consumer in the tourism industry. As it has been find out that behavior of different tourist in the
nation generally depends upon the culture of the place they generally belongs to. As there are
customer who generally used to follow their culture framework. Also, customer belonging to
Japan and Korea generally visit to the places which used to belongs to their group.
There are many other factor which also used to drive the behaviour of different consumer i.e. ,
Technology Factor, Religious importance and cultural importance.
P4 models of motivation impacting buying decision
McIntosh and Goeldner theory of travel motivation used to describe that there are 4
different type of the motivation which used to drive the user or the travel. The 4 different type of
the motivation is Physical motivation, Cultural motivation, Interpersonal motivators and Status
and Prestige motivators.
Physical motivation: This is the type of the motivation which generally used to motivate
the individual who is more toward the sports and loves the adventure. As there are many
location and the places of the Africa which used to offer the ample amount of the thrill in
context of the adventure, which used to attract the eye of the different traveller who are more
toward the thrill loving (Dörnyei, 2020). At the same time location like Australia are very rich in
the context of their sports culture these generally used to attract the eye of sports viewer and
sports person toward the location. As there are many traveller who loves to enjoy the different
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sports of different nation. For example: Beach cricket and Beach football are two of the sports
which are famous in the Australia.
Cultural Motivation: It is another type of motivation which used to motivate the traveller
to have a travel. As all the nation used to follow the different type of the cultural belief in the
organization. There are many consumer who used to travel all around to have a knowledge of
different countries culture. As a result this is the motivation which is generally possess by the
traveller who loves to have a learning of the rich history of different nation as a whole. For
example: Asia is one of the destination which is generally preferred by the different traveller
who are motivated on that basis. As Asia is very rich in term of the history.
Interpersonal Motivation: These is the kind of the motivation which is generally possess
by the one who generally used to fed up with the routine life or the one who loves to have new
experience with the new friends. They are the one who generally loves to make a friend and see
all the thing which god has gifted to the world. For example: For the same reason there are many
different type of the solo trip is organized at the domestic as well as at the international level,
which help the individual in going into the trip and develop new friend explore the world and
gain variety of the different experience as well.
Self esteem and Status: It is another motivational factor which used to drive the consumer
in having different travel. Self esteem needs are the ego need and status need in the market. All
consumers always love to maintain a good sort of the standard in the market. As a result they
love to travel to more luxuries place this eventually help them in building good status of them in
the market. Also, all the human being always desire to have a reputation in the market in which
other used to respect them. Travelling generally used to build a good reputation of individual in
the market, this eventually result in getting good respect from other (Partain and et.al., 2018).
LO 3
P5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends
In the recent time there is good sort of the change in the trend in the travel and tourism
industry, one of the main reason is the impact of COVID 19 in the recent time. As it has been
identified that COVID 19 will brought the significant impact on all the industry organization in
current scenario. Out of all the industry travel and tourism industry will be one of the industry
which will be seeing the significant impact in their function. Some of the emerging trend and
patterns in the current scenario is as follows:
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Hygiene and health safety: It is the first trend which is prevailing all over the industry,
as it has been find out that all the traveller are more concern about the health safety, as result
they are looking to travel to the nation and select the hotel which is good at reducing the amount
of COVID 19 Pandemic cases in the nation. Also they are considering the different measure
before selecting the place to travel. For example: Traveller are more attracted toward the nation
like UK, New Zeeland and Australia as they are the one who are able to cope up with the
pandemic more attractively as compare to the nation Like India, China and USA who are really
finding it hard to manage the Pandemic of the disease that easily.
Under tourism: Under tourism is the another type of the trend which is prevailing in the
current scenario. This is the type of the tourism in which the consumer loves to travel to the
place which is not famous in the current scenario but in real used to present good sort of thing to
be offered to the traveller. This are the place which is less crowded and there is less amount of
consumer used to reside also. Reason behind the same is that there is less impact of COVID 19
and another impact is increasing trend in the term of exploiting the better new places to have a
travel to the same and enjoy the beauty or have a good new knowledge about the culture of new
nation. For example: Some of the location of Africa and Asia are some of the most preferred
type of location to have a Under tourism over their.
More Domestic travel: It is another pattern which is following in the current scenario,
as it has been identified that there is change in the pattern of the travel, as it has been identified
that consumer in the current scenario are more attracted or Liable to have a domestic travel.
Reason behind the same is identified that there are many countries in the world who has not
opened the international border for the purpose of the travel in their nation. Another reason is
that all the traveller are not sure about the international location condition, as a result all the
traveller are more toward having the local travel as compare to the international travel in the
current scenario.
Business trip: It is the pattern which will be followed in the current scenario, as it has
been find out that most of the consumer in the current scenario is attracted toward the business
trip as compare to the family or the solo trip. Reason behind the same is that there are many
different type of the restriction which is implemented by the different nation in having a holiday
trip as a result consumer are more afraid of doing a trip they are looking to just have a business
trip in the current scenario.
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Solo travel: Earlier travel was done with friend, family and with relatives only. But now a
days solo trip has emerged as a new trends as people believe in creating more relations, enjoying
their freedom and be coming independent. Many companies have focused on this trend and
come up with new plan to satisfy costumer’s needs (Index, 2018). This type of the trip is
generally done by the traveller in the nation who loves to build variety of the different type of
the friends and wants to gain the variety of the new experience with the locals. Generally
adventure and the thrill trip are some of the most preferred trip by the solo traveller all across the
world.
Eco travel: trend keep on changing and with this needs of customer also changes. Eco
travel is one such trend. It include simple changes such as while booking a flight there is a
availability of carbon credits , use of electric vehicle instead of conventional as it reduce
pollution . Customer prefers to travel in areas where there is forest reserve or any ecosystem so
many companies have started eco travel to satisfy customers needs.
Local experience: Tourist does not only want to visit a particular place but at the same time
with they also desire to enjoy the culture of those places. This include visiting a place when any
specific festival, occasion or enjoying local cuisine. Like visiting Japan at the time of renting
formal Japanese clothes to wear or enjoying traditional games. So company had taken many
steps so that tourist can experience culture, food and festivals and they feel satisfied in the
nation. Not only that they generally used o offer the variety of the offer to the traveller by
highlights the ethics of different festival and on the basis of the same they used to promote the
same in front of the consumer. Holi festival in India and La Tomatina in Spain.
Personalization: All customers used to have different need and preference, There
expectations are also used to differ about the same location. As every individual used to look at
the place as per their view. So it has become trend in the market that all the companies fulfil the
need of each one in the nation by cording to their personality and choice. As a result company
has started focuses on such topics and take necessary steps. This is the process based service, in
which the travel has to provide with the different need and preference of their in the market and
on the basis of the same agency owner used to provide the different alternative with the price of
the same. Traveller generally used to chose the best option out of the as per their need and
preference in the market.
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Technology advancement: In current scenario, there is good trend of using different
technology to carry out different operation so that customer need can be satisfied in an
organization. Robots are used as marketing strategies as customer are attracted towards place
where work is done through robots or electronics. All plans can be explored and booked through
electronics which made easy for customers to understand. When there is no human a available at
particular place internet chat bots help customer to find the answer. Companies are started all
work on electronic which is beneficial for both customer as well as for company.
LO 4
P6 factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
History of location: It is another factor which used to impact the selection of global
destination. As it has been find out that all the consumer generally looks at the history of the
location and then decides to whether to visit the location or not. For example Tourist generally
loves to visit most of the Asian place as compare to African place. Reason behind the same is
that all Asian place are very rich in history. This used to attract the interest of different consumer
toward global destination (Merrick, 2016).
Presence of natural beauty: It is another factor which used to impact the selection of
global destination in the travel and tourism industry. As it has been find out that destination
which consist of variety of natural beauty is generally preferred by consumer more as compare
to the other. Consumer also used to consider the climate of the location with the natural beauty
to select the best global destination in global travelling industry.
Infrastructure and Amenities: These are some social economic factor which generally
used to impact the selection of the global destination in the market. As it has been seen that
destination which is having good infrastructure generally used to attract the large number of the
customer toward nation. Also, scope of different transportation facility in the nation and
availability of different Amenities also used to affect the selection of Global destination. As
customer prefer the location where they can easily reach.
Religious factor: It is another factor which used to impact the choice of global destination
in the market. As it has been find out that most of the customer look to have a visit of the nation
which is having good amount of religious density. Also, their are customer in the market who
loves to have a knowledge about variety of different religion in the market. People often make
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pilgrims to places of religious importance to seek inner peace, get blessing of their favorite
deities and gurus.
Macro Factor:
 Political Factor: This is the factor which is always look by the company at the time of
selecting the destination. As generally all the consumer are more attracted toward the
democratic country as compare to the leader influencing country. As democratic country
used to offer them the better amount of the right as compare to the other nation in the
globe (Nicola and et.al., 2020).
 Legal Factor: This is another factor which used to impact the selection of the destination
in the real. As it has been identified that there are variety of the different type of legal
laws which is in real which create the hurdle for the traveller. As there is some sort of the
qualification which is asked by nation before permitting visa.
There are some other factors also which used to impact the selection of global destination in
the market such as Adventure. For example: For the same reason more number of the customer
are attracted toward African nation to experience different type of thrill and adventure (Dörnyei,
2020).
Impact of COVID 19 on Travel Industry
 Biggest impact which will be seen by the travel industry is that there will be rise in the
amount of the local travel as compare to the international travel. Reason behind the same
is identified that there will be huge sort of the restriction in the international border in
terms of allowing the traveller to travel the nation which will be promoting the good sort
of the domestic travel in the nation as compare to the international travel (Ozili and
Arun,2020).
 Another impact which will be seen in the market will be that there will be incorporation
of better hygienic maintaining tools in the travel. As it is the responsibility of the nation
that they used to take care of the individual or the traveller which used to travel to the
nation. So there will be good sort of the demand in the nation that they have to maintain
good sort of hygienic and healthy condition in the market in the market (Denfordand
et.al., 2019).
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 Another impact which will be seen by the travel industry is that there will be increase in
the legal laws in the nation, this will eventually force the different nation to be followed,
this will create the variety of the liability at the same time this sort of the things in the
nation will also be increasing the cost of the company in the long run. As there are
variety of different precaution which has to be taken by the different nation government.
CONCLUSISON
Conducting the report has concluded that there were many developments in the past which
has helped the tourism industry in seeing good amount of growth. After that the report highlights
that the report concluded that there are three different element of travel and tourism sector. This
all element generally used to work together in the market to satisfy the need of different
customer in the market. After that the report goes on to conclude that there are many factor
which used to impact the tourism behavior and many motivational factor which used to drive the
different traveler to have a travel. After that the report concludes the different type of trend
which is prevailing in the market. In the end the report concludes the different factor which is
having the impact on the selection of different Global destination in international travel and
tourism market.
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