Report on IoT Projects: Garbage Monitoring, Irrigation, Street Lights

This report provides an overview of several Internet of Things (IoT) projects designed to improve efficiency and automation in various aspects of daily life. It explores three specific applications: an IoT-based garbage monitoring system that uses ultrasonic sensors, microcontrollers, and Wi-Fi to track bin levels; an IoT-based irrigation system that allows for remote monitoring and control of moisture levels; and an IoT street light system that adjusts light intensity based on external conditions and detects faults. Each project is described in terms of its features, advantages, and disadvantages, highlighting the potential benefits of IoT while also acknowledging the challenges of compatibility, connectivity, and data analysis. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing these challenges to ensure the enduring success of IoT technology.

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Student Name:
Student ID

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CONTENT
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
PROBLEM.................................................................................................................................3
IOT GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM.............................................................................3
FEATURES............................................................................................................................3
PROS:.....................................................................................................................................4
CONS:....................................................................................................................................4
IOT BASED IRRIGATION.......................................................................................................5
FEATURES............................................................................................................................5
PROS......................................................................................................................................5
CONS.....................................................................................................................................6
IOT STREET LIGHT SYSTEM................................................................................................6
FEATURES............................................................................................................................6
PROS......................................................................................................................................7
CONS.....................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................9

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INTRODUCTION
The IOT is a paradigm where the objects of our daily use would be equipped with the
technology of sensing, identifying, networking as well as communicating among themselves
as well as to the users in order to accomplish certain objectives(Agarwal, 2014). The
following article reports about some of the fantastic projects going on, which would ease the
work of humans and will provide a more efficient system. This article also highlights the
inherent challenges of using the technology in our day to day activities.
PROBLEM
1. MONITORING OF GARBAGE SYSTEM :
2. MAINTAINING THE APPROPRIATE MOISTURE LEVEL IN FIELDS.
3. STREET LIGHT MAINTENANCE
IOT GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM
FEATURES
The system monitors these bins and reports about the garbage level that got collected in the
bins through a web page. For this purpose, this system makes use of ultrasonic sensors that
are placed in those bins to detect the level of garbage and to compare it with the depth of the
bin. It makes use of AVR family micro controller, Wi-Fi modem to send data, a buzzer and
LCD screen. It gets power by the help of a transformer of 12V. LCD is used to display the
garbage level in those bins. At the same time, a web page built is used to show the status of
the system to that user who is monitoring it. This web page provides a graphical view of the
bins and highlights the amount of garbage collected in a different color to show the garbage
level that got collected. A buzzer is put on by the system when the garbage level crosses the
set limit.

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PROS:
The project IOT Garbage Monitoring system is an innovative system that will help in keeping
the cities cleaner. Hence this system assists to keep the city neat by reporting about the level
of garbages of those bins by giving a graphical view via IOT based system(IOT Garbage
Monitoring System Project, NevonProjects, 2017).
CONS:
However, the system faces the common challenge of compatibility and longevity,
connectivity and intelligence analysis and actions. The IOT is supposed to last long, and
hence the standardization of equipment used is necessary to prevent the system from being
obsolete. At the same time, intelligence analysis and actions present a challenge in the
situation of data flaws(IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2017).

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IOT BASED IRRIGATION
FEATURES
The system uses wifi, Arduino Uno board to send the signals to control and connect to the
website. The system enables the user to modify and view the status of moisture and motor.
The moisture level can be checked from a remote distance and can be altered in a desired
manner. It enables the farmer to operate the water-motor from a distant area and will thus
increase productivity as well as would stop the degradation of land and water resources(IOT
Irrigation Monitoring & Controller System, NevonProjects, 2017).
PROS
Farmers work on the large area of land to produce different varieties of crops. It is always not
possible for a single person to keep track of the entire farm area at all the times. At times it
may be possible that a given tract of land gets more water which may lead to waterlogging, or
it may get far less or nil water at all which may lead to the arid soil. In both of the situation,

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the crops may get affected adversely, and the farmer might suffer losses(Dlodlo, 2017). An
IOT based solution can be used to solve the above-mentioned problem, which can monitor
and control the supply of water in order to maintain the perfect level of moisture as well as
assuring the judicious use of water resources.
CONS
However, the system faces the challenges of its compatibility over a vast area having
different requirement of water. The connectivity will remain a major issue, and would need
deployment of extra hardware and will thus enhance the complexities. The other factors like
its longevity will also remain a major challenge, and therefore standardization of equipment
is of utmost importance because the lot things are meant to serve for a longer period even if
the original manufacturers stop production(Dickson, 2016).
IOT STREET LIGHT SYSTEM
FEATURES
The proposed system consists of smart street lights that have the ability to sense the external
light and automatically adjust the intensity of light as desired according to the external
environment. In this system, each unit has the load sensing functionality which would help it
to detect any fault in the system. It automatically flags that light, and the data is sent over to
the IOT monitoring system, which then fixes it. In this system, there is the use of IOTGecko
development platform for the online system and Kotecki API to send data and view it online.
The system uses wifi module, at mega 328 micro controllers, rectifier, regulator, power
supply, street lights, a light sensor as the main hardware whereas programming language C
and Arduino compiler are the principal software in use.

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PROS
An IOT based street light system can be helpful in controlling and monitoring effectively. It
will ensure consumption monitoring, low consumption of power instant detection of faulty
lights and light dimming according to external conditions. The proposed system also enables
the user controlling and monitoring the system to predict the daily consumption by the
intensity of light as well as monthly requirement.
CONS
The above system may face the challenge of data flaws due to the failure of intelligence
analysis and requisite action. It may also face issues like security of the system from other
anti-social elements. At the same time, the issue of longevity remains and therefore requires
the use of standard products, such that the system doesn’t become obsolete with
time(Narayanan, 2017).

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CONCLUSION
The IoT promises to make the lives of people better by automation and augmentation.
However, at present, it also faces some challenges. It needs proper attention to make this an
enduring technology.

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REFERENCES
J. Adinarayana E. Huh Y Wan T. Kiura. (2014). Becoming technological advanced - lOT
applications in smart agriculture
Dickson, B. (2016). 4 Major Technical Challenges Facing IoT Developers —
SitePoint. SitePoint.
Dlodlo, N. (2017). The internet of things in agriculture for sustainable rural development -
IEEE Xplore Document.
Narayanan, k. (2017). Addressing The Challenges Facing IoT Adoption | 2017-01-15 |
Microwave Journal
Anagnostopoulos, T. (2015). IOT Garbage Monitoring System Project
IOT Irrigation Monitoring & Controller System NevonProjects. (2017).
IOT Streetlight Controller System | NevonProjects. (2015.
Agarwal, a. (2014). The Internet of Things—A survey of topics and trends.