Comprehensive Report on IoT Devices and Their Applications

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Internet of Things (IoT), encompassing its evolution, smart dwelling devices, and various communication protocols. It delves into the functionality of devices like medical alarm watches, smart running shoes, and home observation cameras, while also exploring protocols such as 6LoWPAN, MQTT, CoAP, Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, and Sigfox. The report highlights the advantages of IPv6 in the context of IoT and discusses different wireless technologies, including WiMax, Bluetooth, and Zigbee. Furthermore, it addresses the need for separate IoT networks and compares Sigfox with other technologies like LoRaWAN, concluding with the rapid growth of IoT and its potential to transform various aspects of daily life. The report references several sources to support its claims and provide further context to the reader.

Introduction to IoT devices
The Internet of things is the network of physical devices like smartphone, tablets and
generally home appliances embedded with sensors, actuators, software and network
connectivity which enables them to connect and exchange data. Throughout the years,
meaning of IoT has developed, their item capacities are expanded and now items can perform
undertakings past their essential capacity. World has seen a progression of imaginative
changes from autos to office structures to home appliances. [Frew, 2016].
Smart dwelling devices:-
Day by day internet of things is reaching another level of improvement i.e. form simple house
dwelling components to complex products that consists of processors, sensors, software and
hardware things. Some smart dwelling devices are:
1. Medical alarm watch - deals with the wellbeing following of your poor ones
particularly your elderly relatives when it is hard to track it physically.
2. Smart running shoes - tracks every one of your means like running time, remove
secured and so forth. It is implanted with sensors that assistance to track the wellbeing
condition like heart rate.
3. Smart wellness attire - is a kind of piece of clothing which has worked in sensors to
quantify muscle movement by utilizing method of EMG (Electromyography is a
procedure in which disturbance of muscle tissue is recorded).
4. Smart carport controller-deals with the opening and shutting of carport door through
cell phone application. It has additionally highlight of cautioning you if by botch you
have neglected to close it. [Pahwa, 2017].
5. Shockbox (Helmet concussion sensor) - are the sensors implanted in defensive
protective cap of players of any diversion like cricket to gauge the impact of head
influence. This data of player is sent to parent or tutor's mobile phone by means of
system availability which empowers them to settle on fundamental decisions like
whether they should be evacuated off the field.
6. Home observation cameras - are a mind boggling approach to assemble security of
your home. There are couple of items that can normally distinguish development and
send notice to the proprietor's wireless. They are worked for outside and trade the
requirement for current light establishment.

Communication Protocols used by Internet of things devices
One of the crucial factors of internet of things devices are communication protocols. Protocol
makes the link between dwelling devices and enables it to exchange data. Most widely used
protocols are:-
1. 6LoWPAN – It is acronym for “IPV6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area
Network.” This IP communication protocol is used in small devices that have limited
processing ability to transmit data utilizing internet protocol. It is a type of IPV6
protocol. [Ramaswamy, Madakam & Tripathi, 2015].
2. MQTT – It is an acronym for “Message Queue Telemetry Transport.” MQTT depends
on an open based correspondence show. It is valuable in preserving both power and
memory with most extreme number of subscribers.
3. CoAP – It is called as “Constrained Application Protocol.” CoAP is an internet
application protocol that utilizes wider internet in connection of constrained devices.
It is basically client-server protocol that provides one-to-one communication.
4. Bluetooth – It is a wireless technology that works over radio frequency. Its working is
limited to some specified distance. In this protocol wirelessly audio can be played and
data can be exchanged.
5. Cellular network- This is a wireless network that uses 2G/3G/4G protocol to exchange
data.
6. WiFi – It stands for “Wireless Fidelity.” It is exceptionally suited for IoT gadgets. It
has the limit of high measure of information exchange. WiFi can be used for wider
distances using antennas.
7. Z-wave – It is type of wireless communication protocol that is particularly utilized for
home mechanization and it requires low power utilization. Its range is over 30 meters.
It operates on simpler protocol and does not affect by other protocols like Bluetooth,
Zigbee etc.
8. Zigbee – It is short range communication protocol based on IEEE standards. Zigbee is
used in home automation where low energy consumption is required. It is profitable to
utilize this convention on account of versatility, solidness and security.
9. RFID – It stands for Radio frequency Identification which uses electromagnetic
waves to track the objects. This protocol is specially designed for devices (without
batteries) embedded with RFID chips to send signals.

10. Sigfox – It is a wide range technology and which has an edge between cellular and
wifi network. It uses ISM bands to transfer data. Sigfox is mainly used those
applications which requires low data transfer and has small batteries.
Advantages of IPv6
In coming years internet of things is going to be the next big thing but without Internet
Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is not possible. IPv6 has taken over IPv4 because IPv4 has limited
number of addresses. IPv6 has numerous numbers of advantages that can lead IoT to a whole
new level. IPv6 provides highly scalable address scheme. With the increasing number of IoT
gadgets, IP packet addressing is necessary and Internet protocol version 6 has the capability
of holding large number of IP addresses. IPv6 takes care of the issue of NAT hindrance by
doling out same IPs to different partners. Partners can send their own applications sharing
basic sensors, without affecting specialized operation or administration of the web.
Different types of wireless technology that uses IoT devices
1. WiMax – It is the acronym for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave access. It is
a remote innovation in which information can be exchanged at the rate of 40-45
megabits for each second. It is based on IEEE 802.16 benchmarks. It can be utilized
both in inside and outside however it gives better flag when utilized outside.
2. Bluetooth and BLE – This are remote advancements that are utilized as a part of short
separation information exchange. The innovation is a great part of the time used as a
piece of little considers contraptions that connect with customer's phones and tablets.
For instance, the development is used as a piece of various speaker structures.
Bluetooth Low Energy utilizes less power than standard Bluetooth and is utilized as a
bit of equipment, for instance, health trackers, sharp watches and other related
devices remembering the true objective to remotely transmit data without strongly
exchanging off the battery control in a customer's phone. It depends on IEEE 802.15.1
measures. [Dutton, 2014].
3. Zigbee- It is open wireless network used specifically in Machine to machine (M2M)
networks. It is the type of affordable and inexpensive technology that uses less power

often used in many industrial applications. This technology has low delay times i.e.
low latency and low obligations cycle enabling products to amplify battery life.
Separate network is needed for IoT
As the Sigfox suggests a separate network is needed for IoT, this is so since when more
number of gadgets is associated, it will make more activity and this expanded movement will
have troublesome impact on systems, server farms and shrewd associated items.
Sigfox is a ultra-narrowband innovation that utilizations radio transmission technique to
encode the information. Sigfox requires a more advanced base station and reasonable
endpoint radio to deal with the system.
However, separation of network will stop its growth. It will prevent it from turning into a
reality since it would stunt interoperability. Creating separate system will diminish rivalries
and attach organizations and buyers to their innovation merchants. [Mclelland, 2017].
Comparison between Sigfox and other technologies
Sigfox utilizes Ultra narrowband on the grounds that it has high phantom proficiency and can
mitigate the tumult better. Sigfox utilizes DBPSK for uplink and GFSK for downlink.
LoRaWAN (Low power wide region arrange) utilizes Chirp spread range (CSS).
Sigfox is sharing their reference plot with chip dealers, so everyone with Sigfox affirmation
can offer the chips and get offer of LPWAN "agitate".
Sigfox and LoRaWAN both have star topology. Sigfox offers longer battery life while
LoRaWAN utilizes more data transfer capacity. Sigfox is more secure than LoRaWAN.
Conclusion
This report concludes various aspects about the internet of things. Internet of things is
growing rapidly and is serving more devices reliably. By 2022, the world will have around 30
billion IoT users. Presently, be it a house proprietor or auto proprietor or a building proprietor

everything is presently working with splendid things to decrease the power usage and show
signs of improvement result out of it. Internet of things is taking over the world with its
fascinating devices that provide comforts and conceivably changing the world.

References
Dutton, G. (2014). Does The Internet Of Things Need Its Own Network? [Online] Retrieved
from : https://www.forbes.com/sites/ptc/2014/07/03/does-the-internet-of-things-need-its-
own-network/#66457a42d1ac [Accessed 28 January 2018].
Frew, J. (2016). The Internet of Things: 10 Useful Products You Must Try in 2016. [Online]
Retrieved from: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/internet-things-10-useful-products-must-try-
2016/ [Accessed 28 January 2018].
Mclelland, C. (2017). IoT Connectivity - Comparison of LoRa, SigFox, RPMA, and other
LPWAN Technologies. [Online] Retrieved from : https://www.leverege.com/blogpost/iot-
connectivity-comparison-lora-sigfox-rpma-lpwan-technologies[Accessed 28 January 2018].
Pahwa, A. (2017). Communication Protocols for the Internet of Things: A Few Choices.
[Online] Retrieved from: http://opensourceforu.com/2017/10/communication-protocols-
internet-things-choices/ [Accessed 28 January 2018].
Ramaswamy, R., Madakam, S., and Tripathi, S., (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature
review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(05), p.164.