An Investigation on the Issues Related to the Use of IoT Technology

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the various issues associated with the Internet of Things (IoT). The paper begins with an introduction to IoT, defining its core concept and outlining its increasing usage across various sectors. It delves into the technical and non-technical issues, including security concerns like cloud attacks and data breaches, the potential for job displacement due to automation, and the challenges surrounding privacy and data protection. The essay further examines legal issues such as data ownership, liability, and the need for specific regulations. Professional and social implications are also discussed, highlighting the impact of IoT on employment and social interaction. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to IoT implementation, addressing the identified issues to maximize its benefits while minimizing its risks. The essay emphasizes the impact of IoT on privacy of data and the need for regulations. The essay also highlights the issues regarding the connectivity of the devices and the ownership of data.

Running head: ISSUES IN USING IOT
ISSUES IN USING IOT
Name of the Student:
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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................2
2.0 Definition...................................................................................................................2
3.0 Issues..........................................................................................................................3
4.0 Legal issues................................................................................................................5
5.0 Professional issues.....................................................................................................8
6.0 Ethical issues.............................................................................................................9
7.0 Social issues.............................................................................................................10
8.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................12
9.0 References................................................................................................................14

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1.0 Introduction
IoT is defined by the internet of things which can be considered as emerging technology.
Most of the organizations and the individuals are using the IoT driven system nowadays. The
main objective of the IoT technology is to provide smart technical solutions to the users. It has
been seen that there are many advantages of using the IoT driven things for both the
organizations and the individual users. However, there are certain issues like security and the
privacy of the data which are also related to the use of this technology.
2.0 Definition
The dependencies on the technology are increasing rapidly. In this situation there are
certain advantages of using the technology driven system. One of the usage of the advanced and
the emerging technology is the use of the IoT in different sectors. The use of IoT has made
certain industries like health care and automobile sector smart. However, there are certain issues
those are raised due to the use of IoT in different sector.
The main issue regarding the use of IoT is to maintain the privacy of the individuals. It
has been seen that the main threat of the cyber security is indulged through the use of the IoT
things (AboBakr and Azer 2017). Apart from that the development of the smart system through
the use of IoT will raise the issues regarding the sharing of information between two devices
(Fernández-Caramés and Fraga-Lamas 2018). From this transmission of information or data,
there is a chance that the breaching of the data can happen.
Apart from that the use of IoT includes social issues. It has been seen that the extensive
usage of IoT driven system is making people less collaborative (Alansari et al. 2018). Most of
the people nowadays are becoming self-sufficient through the use of the smart device. This is a

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good attribute. However, this self-sufficiency is making the people self-centric, this is the reason
for the interaction between people are decreasing (Fabiano 2017). This is affecting the bonding
of the society.
The professional issues are also concerned thing about the usage of IoT . The use of IoT
has increased the efficiency of the different organizations. However, due to the use of the smart
systems, it has been seen that the less people are required for doing a particular work. This brings
the recession for the employees that is changing the situation at job market (Caron et al. 2016).
On the other hand the demand of the specialized experts for handling the smart system are
growing.
The use of IoT has some legal issues like privacy and the integrity of the data. The law
has questioned the limit or the extent of using the IoT for several times.The main objective of
this discussion is to evaluate the different aspects of usage of IoT in the different sectors. The
conclusion can be drawn from the factors identified in the paper.
3.0 Issues
There are certain issues regarding the usage of IoT. The identified issues are both
technical and non-technical and it has significant impact in the society.
Security issue: One of the biggest identified issues regarding the use of Internet of things
is the security issue. The main characteristics of the IoT is the integrity between the systems in
the organization (Arasteh et al. 2016). The system driven by IoT can hold many important data
regarding the organization and the individuals through which the operation can be conducted
(Nurse et al. 2018). The hacking of the IoT system can provide the intruders easy access to the

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stored information in the system. Apart from that it has been seen that intruders are using the
advanced technology for the controlling of the targeted IoT device.
Cloud attack: For the storing of the data most of the IoT systems are using the cloud
architecture. The security of the cloud is managed by the cloud providing vendor. However,
there is a chance that the security is not maintained by the cloud service provider in a proper way
and the breaching of the data from the cloud storage happened (Fabiano 2017). As for example,
the breaching of the data from Apple icloud can be mentioned in this context.
Decreasing the job opportunities: This can be considered as non-technical issue
regarding the usage of the IoT system in the industry. Most of the organizations are using the IoT
for increasing the production and the quality of the products manufactured by the company.
Apart from that using the IoT , the maintenance of the physical devices can be minimized. In this
situation the organization can mitigate the overhead cost for running the business (Ferrag et al.
2017). With the extensive use of IoT in the business, the necessity of the human resources are
decreasing (Chen 2017). This leads to the decrease in the job opportunities for the organization.
On the other hand the market for specialized experts is increasing as the handling and the
implementation of the IoT system needs expert’s advice.
Privacy issues: In most of the cases, the use of IoT lacks the privacy. The main objective
of IoT is to integrate the different parts of the systems for the synchronization of the
communication. However, this synchronization has achieved through the flow of the data and the
information. These data and information may include personal information of the owner of the
device or the organization using the IoT driven system. This flow of communication can expose
the confidential or private data to the other entity (Yaqoob et al.2017). As for the example, the
use of IoT driven car can be mentioned (Abdulrahman et al. 2016). For maintain the

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coordination of the road and abiding the traffic system, the IoT system driven car has the
connection through the other cars and the location can be detected for the particular car in this
case. Apart from that while communicating with the other cars through the smart system, the
system can share the information regarding the owner of the car and the location of the car which
may not be desirable for the owner himself or herself. In this situation, it can be said that the
system is violating the privacy of the owner.
Issues regarding the connectivity of the devices: In some cases, it has been seen that the
IoT devices are not compatible with each other. This indicates that the devices cannot be
connected thus the devices cannot communicate with each other. This problem can cause for the
difference of the frequency and the configuration of the devices. In most of the cases, it has been
seen that different IoT device manufactures are making the devices in different ways.
Lack of governance and lack of particular law: It has been seen that there is no clear and
specific regulations regarding the use of IoT in different sectors. Apart from that the legal steps
after facing the issues while the using of IoT is not mentioned in a clear way (Javdani and
Kashanian 2017). All these problems are generalized under the law regarding cyber security.
The identified issues are both technical and non-technical issues. It has been seen that
there are other issues regarding the use of IoT in different sector (Almonacid and Franck 2017).
The main focus of this paper is to discuss the privacy while using the IoT devices. It can be said
that the above identified issues can directly or indirectly have the impact on the privacy of the
individuals.
4.0 Legal issues
4.1 Privacy and the protection of data:

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One of the main issues regarding the use of IoT is the privacy and the security of the
data. It has been seen that the possibility of the breaching of the security of data is high
for the IoT devices. The breaching of the data due to the use of technology is maintained
by the ITA committee. The breaching of the data from the IoT devices can happen for
various causes such as the negligence of the individuals or the organizations. Apart from
that there if the system is not implemented in a proper way, there is a chance that the data
breach from the IoT device can occur. Apart from that the threats from the cyber security
is another problem for maintain the privacy and the security of the data in the IoT driven
system. There are governing committee those are responsible for monitoring the privacy
of the data and information (Moreno, Serrano and Fernández-Medina 2016). However,
the committee is much focused on maintain the cyber security. It can be noted that
maintain the data in cyber space is a bit different from maintain the data privacy for the
IoT devices. In this case the mention of the RIPA act according to the government of UK
can be mentioned. RIPA (Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000) is about
maintain the privacy of the individuals and this law is against the protection of the data
and the preventing the surveillance on the individual person (legislation.gov.uk. 2019). In
case, if the person feels that his or her privacy is threaten due to the use of the technology
in the smart car, he or she can take the help of RIPA act. However, this law is not
applicable for directed surveillance.
In order to provide the data security and the information protection for the IoT devices,
the policy makers can generate a separate rules or regulations for maintain the privacy of the data
and information.

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4.2 Issues regarding liability:
With the increase in the use of the IoT devices, the processing of the data and information
through the smart system is also increasing. In this situation it is becoming complicated for the
organizations to maintain the flow of data and information in a proper way (Furfaro et al. 2017).
In order to manage the flow of data, the organization has to export the responsibility of managing
the data to the third party organization. In this situation if anything occur to the security of the
data or the loss of information is reported, there raises a liability issue regarding the
responsibility for maintain the data in a proper way. In most of the cases, it has been seen that the
organization takes the main responsibility regarding the breaching of the data without disclosing
the identity of the third party organization.
In order to mitigate the issue, the main organization responsible for maintain the security
of the IoT data needs to do risk assessment and the security of the data before the allocation of
the responsibility to the third party organization. Apart from that end user licensing agreement
can be beneficial for the organization to share the responsibility of the security and the safety of
the data along with the third party organization.
Ownership of the data: The ownership of the data is becoming a problem as the
responsibility of the data is scattered among the different organizations. In this situation the
authority for accessing and handling the data is becoming problematic. In this situation, the
organization responsible for maintain the IoT data can face legal problems (López, Marín and
Calderón 2017). Apart from that the copyright issues of the intellectual properties can be
mentioned in this scope. It has been seen many information regarding the intellectual property is

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controlled by the IoT driven system. The breaching of the information regarding the intellectual
property can occur and can be used in different context without taking the permission (Thoben,
Wiesner and Wuest 2017). In this situation, legal issues regarding the violation of intellectual
property rights can take place. Resolving these problems, the proper laws and regulations is
needed to be made (Weber 2015). Apart from that the contract between the organizations
regarding security of the data is needed to be maintained in a proper way.
Cyber-crime: The conduction of the cyber-crime can be denoted as one of the legal issues
of the IoT driven system. It has been seen that for most of the cyber-attacks are initiated through
the devices driven by IOT, the intruders are making the IoT things as easy target as the system
driven by IoT are easily accessible and can be hacked. Another attribute for choosing the IoT
devices for the attacks is that the IoT devices are connected to other devices. Getting access of
the one device will help the intruders to get the access of the other devices. In order to prevent
the threats from the cybercrime certain laws and regulation are needed to be maintained. Apart
from that then making the device secured through different initiatives can be helpful in this
situation. User awareness plays an important role for the prevention of the cybercrime.
5.0 Professional issues
Decreasing the job opportunities: The use of IoT in the organizations is making the
production smart and effective. It has been seen that tne production using the smart IoT system is
delivering the products in larger amount along with maintaining the quality and the standards
(Porambagem et al. 2016). This attribute of the IoT is making most of the organizations to adopt
the IoT in manufacturing process.

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Apart from that, it has been seen that the use of IoT is extensively used in the IT industry.
The IT industry is adopting the machine learning and automation through the use of the IoT. In
this situation, the organizations are gaining more output.
All these are the advantages of using the IoT in the industry. However, it has been seen
that the use of IoT is also increasing the margin profit for the organization through the mitigation
of the overhead cost (Frustaci et al. 2018). The company does not have to maintain large amount
of physical equipment for running the business. Apart from that as the system is capable of doing
much work than human being, the organization lacking the need for more human resources. In
this situation makes of the employees in the organizations are losing their jobs. Apart from that
the potential job candidates are not getting enough vacancies.
Demand for the experts: Many people are losing the jobs for the implementation of the
IoT in the industry. However, on the other hand the extensive use of the IoT is making the vast
job opportunities for the specialized experts who can implement and handle the sytem in a proper
way. This can be regarded as positive attribute of the issues raised by the increasing usage of
IoT. However, the situation of the job market is changing due to the use of this emerging
technology.
Implementation of the new professional courses: With the increased use of IoT, some of
the organizations are providing the students and the professionals about different perspective and
the usage of the IoT. As, this is an emerging technology, for most of the IT professionals the use
of IoT and different perspective of IoT is not known in a proper way (Katzis and Ahmadi 2016).
In this situation a gap or the bridge is creating between the need by the emerging system and the
existing system. In order to bridge the gap, it is necessary to train the professionals about the use

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of Iot in the industry. However, the exiting students are also getting the knowledge about the IoT
form their institutions.
Maintaining the code of conducts: While implementation of IoT maintaining the code of
conducts in the professionalism is needed to be followed. According to the code of conducts in
the professionalism, the implementation. In this context, the use of the code of conduct can be
done through the use of icsa code of conducts. icsa website mentions the professional conducts
for the IT professionals. While the implementation of Iot the professionals should maintain the
clarity and the transparence during the development. Apart from that maintain the high standard
of the equipment are needed for the implementation of IoT. Apart from that the after service of
the IoT devices are needed to be done by the professionals in a proper way.
6.0 Ethical issues
Violation of the privacy of the data for individuals: It has been seen that the privacy
of the individuals is violated through the use of the internet of things. While using the Iot driven
system the individuals has to put the data and information which can be personal and can be
related to their privacy. The main objective of the IoT driven system is to communicate with the
other devices. In this situation for the communication purpose the data from one IoT devices are
flowing to another IoT device. During the communication through exchanging the information
the personal information of the individuals can be exposed to the other people which is not
desirable.
In this situation the use of the IoT driven car can be mentioned. In the IoT driven car
smart system navigate the car and helps to get the right path to the driver in order to avoid the
traffic. In this situation, the smart GPS system is aware about the location of the driver (Hafsa

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Tahir and Junaid 2016). Apart from that the personal information of the driver along with the
number of the car can be detected through the GPS system of the car. Another attribute of the
IoT driven car is that the car can be connected to the GPS system of another car. Through this
communication the driver of another can get the access of the information of the driver using the
IoT driven system. This exposer of the information is not desirable and it has been an issue for
the use of IoT.
Another privacy violation through the usage of the Internet of things is the usage of the
smart teddy bear. The use of this smart teddy bear has exposed the relation between the child and
parents to the world which can be a threat for nay family.
The ethical issues can be can evaluated through the application of Kantianism. This
theory is also known as theory of deontology. According to this theory, the action can be ethical
if the duty involved with this action is ethical. It has been seen that through the use of Smart
Cars, people can get the advanced technology like navigation. However, the use of the Smart
Cars can be used in a wrong way like acquiring the data of the users which is not ethical
according to the act of deontology. Apart from that the violation of the privacy is not ethical as
the actions involved in this process are not ethical.
7.0 Social issues
Lack of interactions: The lack of interactions is caused by the extensive dependencies of
the people on IoT. It has been seen propel are becoming self-dependent with the use of the IoT
devices. This can be considered as one of the advantages of using the IoT . However, on the
other hand it has been seen the extensive use of the IoT devices are making the gap in the
communication between the people (Vallée et al. 2016). People are getting self-indulged and