Exploring Internet of Things in Smart Cities: A Detailed Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications in smart cities. It begins by introducing the growing importance of IoT in data management and its impact on various city sectors like transportation and healthcare. The report identifies key research problems such as vulnerability to data breaches and data storage issues, elaborating on how these challenges can affect business operations and data security. It then details various applications of IoT in transportation, traffic management, waste management, energy usage, smart parking, and crime reduction, highlighting the benefits and functionalities of each. The technology behind smart cities, including the use of sensors and various frameworks, is also discussed. Furthermore, the report proposes solutions to address the identified research issues and includes an experimental analysis of data gathered during the project. The report concludes with recommendations for future improvements and further research in the field of IoT in smart cities, emphasizing the potential for enhancing urban life and resource management.

Running Head: INTERNET OF THINGS IN SMART CITY
Internet of Things in Smart City
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Table of Contents
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................3
2. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................3
3. RESEARCH PROBLEM OVERVIEW..........................................................................4
4. APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY..........................................................................5
5. ABOUT TECHNOLOGY...............................................................................................7
6. RESEARCH ISSUES & CHALLENGES.......................................................................8
7. RELATED WORK..........................................................................................................9
8. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE THE RESEARCH ISSUES............................9
9. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS....................................................................................10
10. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................11
11. RECOMMENDATION...............................................................................................12
12. REFERENCES............................................................................................................13

3IOT IN SMART CITY
ABSTRACT
Internet of things has been one of the most evolving technology that is being used of the
processing of the man management and controlling the data analysis of the residents that reside
in the city that implements the processing of the Internet of things in the processing of the data
management. This report will consist of the Research problem that are present in the course of
processing of the research. This report also states the issues that the residents were facing due to
the usage of manual terminologies before the implementation of the internet of things. This
report will also state the terminologies that will be required for the completion of the project
research. This report also states the processing of the data tenacity of the project that implements
the platform of the internet of things. This project also explains the application of the internet of
things technology and the way it gets performed. This report also states the research challenges
that are faced. Proper solution to the research problems are also stated. This report also provides
experimental analysis of the data that are gathered during the prosecution of the project. This
report provides a detailed and structured data set that is achieved during the processing of the
maintenance of the platform of the internet of things.
2. INTRODUCTION
Internet of things has been growing as a technology as the global acceptance of this
technology is very high. This leafs to the fact that the processing of the data management can be
performed with the help of the platform of the internet of things. There is a huge difference that
is notice in the terminology of man management in the time of the implementation of the
platform of internet of things and the processing of the man management before the
implementation of the terminology of the internet of things. There are several sections of the
entire city that gets benefitted from the processing of the internet of things. The processing of the

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technology helps in procuring the transport system and this helps in understanding the fact that
the processing of the terminology have been helping the processing of the evolvement of the
time saving stature .This helps in understanding the fact that the terminology that is being
prosecuted will help in understanding the prosecution technique with utmost efficiency.
Transportation has seek revolution in evolution of the terminology. The usage of internet of
things in the section of medication is also another aspect of the data prosecution section. The
department of the medication sector has very well accustomed with the processing of the
technology of internet of things. This leads to the fact that the data management of the hospitals
are maintained with highest efficiency. Smart cities have also decided to use the terminology of
the internet of things in the commencement of criminal activities and detecting the criminals with
the help of cctv cameras and other applications. Implementation of internet of things has been
increasing in a daily basis and this acts as the main fact that the processing of the data
management can be performed with the help of the data procurement. This acts as the main
prosecution of the platform of the internet of things. This leads to the fact that the data
prosecution can be performed with highest efficiency and this will lead to the prosecution of the
data management.
3. RESEARCH PROBLEM OVERVIEW
Challenges that are present in the course of the data management of the business
management and management of a smart city are as follows:-
 Vulnerability: Vulnerability to process the data that are stored in the data base acts as the
main risk in the commencing of the technology. This ensures the fact that the
terminology that is used in the processing of the data management can be proclaimed
with the help of the loop holes that are present in the technology of the internet f things.

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In case the loop holes that are present in the data base of the system can be easily
accessible by unauthenticated imposters. This might lead to the fact that the processing of
the business organization as well as the processing of the data that are stored in the data
base can be processed and modulated and this will affect the processing of the data
management system (Beart 2015).
 Data storage issues: Data that will be stored in the data base will be processed with the
help of the data mining technology. This proves the fact that the data that are stored in the
data base will be proclaimed with low stability and this can be a major reason for the
processing of the management and this is the main reason that the imposters might gain
access to the data that are stored in the data base. This instances acts as the reason that
implicates the fact that the terminology that is being circumstanced will affect the
business processing of the data centre.
4. APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY
There are various types of applications in the context of the IoT in the smart cities. The
main applications of the IoT in smart cities can be used in the area of transportation, traffic and
street lights, waste management system, energy usage, smart parking and in the area of crime
reduction.
 Transportation: The application of the Iot can be used in the case of transportation of the
city. The transportation can be managed by the usage of the public transit management.
In this case real time location of the vehicles is determined. The main benefit of the
tracking the vehicles is that the arrival of the public transportation systems at a particular
stop can be determined. Thus the public transportation system can be enhanced. Also,
inventory can be managed easily for the government assets or for any private assets using

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the implementation of the IoT. Products of the warehouses or any production centre can
be managed and distributed easily by using the inventory management system. This helps
to lower the cost of the transportation.
 Traffic and Street Lights: The infrastructure of the city can be enhanced by the
implementation of the internet of things and in this case smart traffic lights and street
lights can be used. In the case of the traffic lights management system smart sensors can
be used which can detect the traffic congestion in a particular area. Therefore the traffics
cab be managed according to the congestion intensity of the area. Also, using the smart
devices, priority can be given to the vehicles which are in emergency such as ambulances
and police car by creating green corridor. The street lights can be also controlled using
the internet of things. In this case the intensity of the street lights can be controlled
automatically. In the night the intensity of the lights will be at peak condition where in
the daylight cases this street lights will be automatically turned off.
 Waste management system: Using the smart monitoring system of the internet of things
waste can be managed easily. In this case the smart sensor system can be used which will
be able to detect the level of the wastage in the dustbin. Thus by detecting the level of the
wastage proper actions can be taken when the dustbin will be full. Also, this smart
sensors can be used for differentiating between the biodegradable and non-biodegradable
waste items. With this the monitoring system can detect the individuals who are dumping
the garbage other than in the dustbin so that a fine can be collected from them.
 Energy usage management: A properly implemented IoT system is able to detect all the
energy used in a particular area which can be a factory or a small business. With the
tracking of the energy consumed by the factories or by any small business it is also able

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to track the consumption of the energy at the point of energy distribution. In this energy
usage management system smart meter sensors can be used. Thus it is able to track the
energy consumption of each and every devices separately. By analysing the energy usage
of the devices individually it can be determined which equipment is using vast amount of
power and can be replaces if needed. Also, real-time monitoring system of the energy
usage can give the chance for effectively manage the budget for the energy usage.
 Smart parking: The implementation of the IoT system can effectively manage the flow
of the traffic by the implementation of the smart parking. In this case the smart sensors
are used to detect a free space for parking in a parking lot. This smart sensors can
intelligently allocate the parking slots to the drivers to minimize the traffic congestion in
a particular area. This system can inform the drivers about the free parking slots in the
area where the car is present. While the driver is driving the car this system can
dynamically update the driver about the free parking in the area where the car is present.
 Crime Reduction: Crime can reduced in the city by the implementation of the IoT
applications. The CCTV cameras and smart sensors for the individual identification can
be installed throughout the city. Every persons in the city can be tracked by the CCTV
cameras. So, when any people conduct any crime he or she can be tracked by using the
CCTV camera footage. With this the smart identification system can help to identify the
criminals.
5. ABOUT TECHNOLOGY
The smart city technology is like the other normal cities but it uses some smart
technologies to run some basic things of the city efficiently. In this case smart sensors are used
for collecting the data from the environment of the city. Collected electronics data from the

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environment is used for managing and monitor the traffic, waste, water supply network, citizens
of the city and many more other things of the city (Kaur & Maheshwari 2016). This smart managing
and monitoring system of the city can enhance the quality of the life in the city. With the
enhanced quality this technology can reduce the costs of the services in the city. Also, resource
consumption can be managed easily in the city. The concept of the smart city works on some of
the frameworks. This framework includes the technological framework, human framework,
institutional framework, energy framework and the data management framework. To implement
the services of the smart city internet of thing and the cloud based services need to be
implemented in the city. This interface of the services can be accessed by the smart phones,
networks and the RFID devices. Theoretically, by implementing this smart devices, any part of
the city can be converted as a smart city. This technology is able to make the cities better by
replacing old analog system of the city with the new modern digital assets. This modern assets
include the smart energy, smart data, smart transportation system, smart mobility and smart
infrastructure. For all the digital assets which are mentioned above sensor is the main thing. With
the sensors this technology also includes the visibility devices such as the CCTV cameras and
the storage devices for the storing the data gathered from the sensors. All of these technologies
merged together for getting the ultimate benefit of the internet of things in the smart city.
6. RESEARCH ISSUES & CHALLENGES
Research Issue and challenges that are present in the course of commencement of the data
management include the fact that the methodology will procure the processing of the data
comprehension. The main issue that hampers the research proposition includes the fact that the
business commencement will be performed with higher efficiency. In case the proficiency will
get procured, the researchers do not get enough information to complete their research in. as the

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entire research processing will be commenced with the functioning of the data that are stored in
the data base. The main issue that was present in the course of the data collection is that
implementation of the technology of internet of things in the field of man management is not
very much present in the journals that can be researched by the processing of the data
management. This is one of the main instance that will terminate the research processing and this
is the main aspect that the research methodology gets affected as adequate data is not present in
the processing of the data management and this is the main reason that the proclamation of
research could not be carried out in a proper way. The journals that are present are not very well
accustomed and this is the main reason that the processing of the data prosecution of gets least
efficient.
7. RELATED WORK
The work that is proclaimed in the functioning of the data management incurs the
terminology that the functioning of the data organization can be performed with the help of the
data proclamation and works like the termination of process management can be performed with
the help of the data proclamation as the data that are conserved in the terminology of smart city
will increase the functioning of the data commencement and this is the sole reason that the
definition of the smart city rotates around the transition of the data management. The process of
implementing digitization in the process of transportation is one of the biggest transcription in
the processing of the data center. Transportation sector is the most highly affected and the affect
that the terminology of internet of things has brought in can be described as one of the most
revolutionary technology that will procure advanced terminology of the data management.
8. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE THE RESEARCH ISSUES
Solution that must be implemented in order to resolve the research issues are as follows: -

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 The data that are present in the journals must be found out with the processing of the data
management.
 This also deals with the fact that the processing data censing will improve the data that
are present in the journals and this is the main reason that the management of the data
that are termed as the processing of the data management will be fulfilled with the help of
the data management. Providing proper terminology regarding the functioning of the
process will incur that the functioning of the data center will bring positive affect in the
research methodology of researchers.
9. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
The proposal for improving the cities around the world was an exciting and innovation
process as well. The term smart city has been coined many times throughout the years, but the
innovation of IOT was still in its infancy and hence the adoption of IOT on smart city was not
possible in full fledge. However as over the years the development of IOT has seen a drastic
improvement, the possibility of IOT in smart city also improved a lot. With the innovation of
machine to machine communication and it first appeared in the market in 2001, since then a lot
of improvement has been made in this domain. The addition of RFID or the radio frequency tag
with IOT in 2008 has made it lot easier and effective to track device in the IOT network.
However it was not before 2012 that RFID technology was actually integrated with the IOT
network while solving the previous issues, in 2014 the cloud computing saw its debut in the IOT
technology and this was the first time that the cloud computing technology was integrated with
the IOT technology with robust framework. RFID technology with cloud computing helps in
implementing smart transportation which is a major component for designing the smart city.
From 2016 to 2018 some outstanding improvement has also been made. One such technology is

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the integration block chain technology with the IOT framework that has the potential to
completely revolutionize the IOT application for smart city.
Some important innovation in this regard is mentioned bellow that has made the IOT
technology more innovative and powerful over the years:
2002: commercialization of 16 bit micro controller
2004: improvement in device to device communication with support for communication
between 8 to 10 devices
2008: commercialization of 16 bit micro controller with support for the wireless
communication
2010: commercialization of cloud computing
2014: big data technology integration with the cloud framework
Hence from the analysis it can be stated that the data there has been an immense growth in the
technology of the project management (Sadowski and Pasquale 2015).
10. CONCLUSION
From the discussion it can be stated that the implementation if smart city has been
increasing in a very fast rate and this leads to the fact that the production of the data processing
will be terminated with the help of the technology of internet of things. This includes that
terminologies are processing of the internet of things will incudes the processing of the data
proclamation. The rate of growth of the technology in the field of man management has been
noteworthy. This is the main reason that the data management will be processed with the help of
the technology that is ever evolving nature. This is the main reason that the functioning of the

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project management is performed with highest efficiency (Fortino & Trunfio 2014). The main
processing that is incurred in the management of the processing will help in completion of the
project in a better way. With the implementation of the framework of the smart city analytics, the
main advantage that is perceived will implement the processing of the data transcription. This
also helps in understanding the fact that the criminals that are present in the city can be kept a
track on and this will ensure the fact that the government will be able to keep a track on the
processing of data management and this will lead to better projection of data management.
11. RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations that must be implemented in order to manage the processing of the
implementation of the project commencement are as follows: -
 The data that are present in the processing of the data management must be
performed with the help of the processing of the data procurement terminology.
The main reason of centralizing the data is that the data that are stored in the data
base must be visible to the higher authority of the organization for better man
management of the entire city (Balakrishna 2014)
 Another main project management of the transaction of the project is that the data
management will procure the fact that the data that are present in the data base of
the organization will entertain the functioning of the imposters. In case the
imposers gets hold of the data that are stored in the data base, they can cause
problem in the commencing of the project and the government will lose its man
management efficiency. This will lead to the fact that the data processing will
affect the business terminology and will cause the project to fail initially. To