Internet of Things and Smart City Development in Queensland, Australia

This report provides an in-depth analysis of smart city development, focusing on Queensland, Australia. It explores the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in transforming the city, highlighting opportunities for economic growth, organizational expansion, and infrastructure development. The report discusses the challenges and issues faced, such as financial constraints, resource limitations, and governmental coordination, while also proposing potential solutions. It reviews existing literature on smart cities, examines advantages and disadvantages, and considers the impact on various sectors like technology and tourism. The main objective is to identify the best possible strategies for Queensland to become a smart city, improving the standard of living for citizens and attracting investment. The report also covers the potential negative impacts of technology, such as fraud and corruption, and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices and smart governance to ensure the city's successful development. Overall, the report aims to provide insights into creating a connected, efficient, and sustainable urban environment through smart city initiatives.

Internet of things

Abstract
Present report will discuss on the topic of Smart city. Smart city is the most challenging
and very much required for the development of country infrastructure. On the other side, this will
explain about the challenges and issues faced by making smart cities. Main purpose of this
research is to find out the best possible changes in making country smart. This will be the great
opportunity in order to reduce the ineffective old technologies. Besides, the main purpose of this
report is to find out the possible outcomes and facts which help to mitigate the negative impacts
and provides the best technologies and creative ideas in order to make the city smart. Another
objective is to find out the new opportunities for the Queensland city in Australia. So that, it will
find out the best possible outcomes and techniques in order to enhance the more possibilities for
the individual. Likewise, it will also explain about the problems and challenges facing by the
city. Smart city is the main objective of the Queensland city in order to enhance the popularity or
growth for the citizens. Present project is based on various ways which will be adopted by
Australia. This is very important for the country to make Queensland a smart city. Nowadays, it
is very important for the country to adopt different opportunities and growth for the citizens.
Smart city gives various ways for development in terms of organisational expansion,
infrastructure development and technology development. It provides employment opportunity to
the individuals who are unemployed and provide growth to the citizens. Smart city is the great
project which enable people to connect with the latest technologies. Smart cities influence many
organisations or industry sector such as technology, tourism sector, hospitality sector, etc.
Overall, this project will focus on the development of Queensland which is the second largest
city in Australia. This provides the best opportunity growth. In order to facing problems and
issues during making city.
Project will also look upon the challenges issues like, financial issues, lack of resources,
lack of availability of sustainable resources, issues regarding government, lack of centre state
coordination, availability of master plan. Moreover, it will focus on the major part which
influence the opportunity growth level of the country. Smart city is the effective and challenging
topic in order to improve the effective opportunity. With the help of this growth Queensland
become smart city. Moreover, the main objective of this report is to get the best possible
outcomes through which Australia make Queensland smart city. On the other hand, with the help
of make project many of the people get job and get opportunity to earn money in order to full fill

their family needs and wants. This is the best effective objective plan to make effective way of
learning outcomes.
On the other side, smart city is the important topic for every city in order to grab the
national or international opportunity in order to enhance the economic development. This is the
best target and in order to enhance the best possible outcomes. Along with that, it is very
important for the every state to take step in order to make every city smart. This is the best
technique to grab the future opportunities. The outcomes from this project is high and
approachable in order to enhance the national economic growth. It is the most important topic in
future times. Furthermore, present report will discuss on the whole topic and get out the best
possible outcomes. Along with that, with the help of smart city project people will also get smart
and increase their erasing capacity to.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................5
ISSUES CHALLENGES AND THEIR SOLUTIONS ..................................................................8
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES WITH THEIR SOLUTIONS. ......................................................9
FUTURE RESEARCH .................................................................................................................11
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
In today’s scenario, technology has been improving continuously. It can be knowledge of
techniques, processes and other methods of working in different forms. Internet is an essential
component to connect all kinds of advanced technology. It develops the smart economy and
advanced surveys in overall criteria. Present research is based on internet of things which is
based on smart city. Furthermore, it will discuss that how Queensland has become a smart city
for Australia. This may give an important impact on the economy and provide opportunity for
the citizens of city. It is the second largest and third most popular state in the commonwealth of
Australia. This state make Gladstone smart city of Queensland Australia. It is bordered by the
Northern territory, South Australia and New South Wales. Researcher analyse the challenges and
issues in order to whole process. It gives variety of task in order to make Gladstone smart city.
Scholar also discuss about the literature reviews based on different authors. To become smart
city is not the easy task researcher also explains advantages or disadvantages of the topic will
also be taken into action.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Smart cities is an effective response for today, this gives tremendous change in the
economy development. As per the views of Ashton, (2017)smart city is the development process
to integrate various technologies and innovation for the city. It gives a better opportunity or
growth to the citizens of Gladstone city. The internet of things is a new paradigm that combines
aspects and technologies from ubiquitous and pervasive computing. According to the views of
Bonomi, Milito & Addepalli, (2012, August)internet communication protocol, sensing
technologies and communication strategies enable people to get better standard of living.
Gladstone is a small city or town of Queensland which needs to come up with new ideas to
become a popular city across world. Queensland needs to collect resources and fund to make the
city unique higher economical and developed economy.
Besides, according to Boulos & Al-Shorbaji, (2014) a large number of interconnected
technologies is the significant tool which generated unprecedented opportunities to solve urban
challenges. This makes good challenges in terms of getting the best economic growth for the
city. Intelligent techniques and innovated environment enhance interconnectivity among smart
cities. Significant drivers and the technologies and advanced features drivers the internet of

things. This gives the best opportunity to enhance the opportunity goals and new development
ideas. According to the author Conti, Dehghantanha & Watson, (2018) digital technology and
integration connect speed and connectivity between the growth of economy.
Besides, according to Ejaz, Shahid, Anpalagan & (2017) become smart city also
provides the opportunity of employment individual get new jobs and get possibility to earn
income for his families. On the basis of past results, many smart cities grow income or standard
of living of the people. Internet of things enable people with the future growth. It provides an
opportunity to make people smarter and innovative. On the basis of internet of things, according
to García, Meana-Llorián, Lovelle, & Garcia-Fernandez, (2017) internet composed by two
factors hardware and software technologies. Smart cities' growth different opportunities for the
city such as new start-up opportunity, technological growth, new product and services,
increasing standard of living, enhancing economic growth. This may enhance the opportunity for
each perspective. The purpose of this research is to make Gladstone smart city of Queensland.
Through which they attract visitors and enhance tourism income.
According to Gubbi, Marusic & Palaniswami, (2013). they discuss that, smart city grow
opportunity for all kinds of businesses such as hospitality business, tours and travellers business,
retail super market etc. high foreign income will improve the economic growth of the city which
helps to enhance infrastructure to attract more number of visitors. The main purpose of this
research is to provide succinct and systematic environment to review advanced technologies to
connect with internet of things which helps to transforming the city into smart city or an
environment. Present study will discuss about the overall definition of smart cities. As per the
view of Hui, Sherratt & Sánchez, (2017) Digital technologies offer new wave of environment
and infrastructure for the city in terms of new technology system. It gives new opportunity and
advanced criteria for having smart results and technologies.
Besides, on the basis of Jin, Gubbi & Palaniswami, (2014) smart city create social
balance between Gladstone citizens and offer varieties of techniques to grow the new start-up in
the city. It is indeed very crucial changes which brings new environment to keep the city
advanced and highly developing among other smart cities. According to Kalita, (2017) smart city
also helps to make smart people who become smarter and energetic towards the new
opportunities which makes him stable and competitive for the city. Overall, from past so many
years' internet of things growing rapidly which brings new changes and connects technologies

with the internet. Millions of physical entities rather it is mobile phones, watches, infotainment
system all things are connected with the internet. Smart city is defined as which converts
computing technologies into critical infrastructure components and services.
With the help of smart city, as per the views of Li & Da Xu, (2017) they also give their
views that smart city brings self-improvement in every sector such as administration, education,
healthcare, public safety, real estate, transportation, utilities, etc. It makes new environment
opportunity for the city. As per the current source, currently, government of Queensland adopts
different concepts and techniques to make Gladstone a smart city. In order to enhance the
popularity of the city. Moreover, the main objective of the company is to get the best effective
process of country situation. On the basis of Maheshwari, Kumar & Soni, (2018)views
government should take the process of working is different and innovative. Innovation is
essential for the country to make city smart and developed. In present scenario technology has
been reaching on the top through which countries grab new opportunity growth it is very
essential for Gladstone to adopt high technologies and infrastructure in order to make smart city.
Smart city defined that country needs to adopt smart technologies to develop situations and get
more income and revenue.
According to Mehmood, Ahmad, & Guizani, (2017) internet of things needs high
planning and support of different techniques. This helps to grow a highly advanced structure
which supports the government of state. Smart city by technologies is the significant factor to
make better quality of life. Development and success of cities always brings innovative
environment. Innovation is the need for persons which make them happy and satisfied. It makes
new changes in the environment of city. Present report discussed about the new changes or
methods to full fill the objectives of the report. According to Palaniswami Rao & Bainbridge,
(2017) smart city reduces the unnecessary efforts of people such as it enhance the and introduce
various types of transportation for the public, it provides standards of living of people by
providing housing options, electricity, water and sanitisation in the city. Overall, there are huge
scope of smart city which makes different and productive changes for the city. Overall, internet
of things are very useful to make city become smarter.
Along with that, as per the views of Perera, Zaslavsky & Georgakopoulos, (2014)
technology also encourages negative effects of technology which bring risk factor in the social
environment. Technology also useful to make fraud by the people. Negativity in the environment

brings corruption due to which city gets negative response from the citizens. This situation of
corruption reduces the interest of visitors which is not good for city’s growth. Internet of things
makes city smarter and democratization of technology the widespread adoption of social
networking and mobile communication. Society become more reliable and as well as easier
access of new technologies. Moreover, modern changes are always gives some good impact on
the economy behaviour. It gives higher opportunity growth. Hyper connected environment
overloaded with real time information. Smart city grow opportunity for children as well in term
of new education level. Through which children become more skilled and knowledgeable for
future growth. Moreover, smart city offers new skills of development in order to make the new
possibilities.
According to Rathore, Paul, & Rho, (2016). smart city brings technology together for the
development. It gives power to access an opportunity and growth in different ways. This brings
new ideas, innovation and creativity which makes the city smart and stable. Smart cities offering
knowledge resources social infrastructure, economic regeneration, social cohesiveness,
productive management. Smart city also makes the city clean and beautiful to attract travel and
tourism sector. Overall, it gives a positive impact on the behaviour of people and gets new
opportunity for development. Smart city brings extra profit revenue for government which helps
to enhance the new development opportunity for country. Moreover, this needs to be very
creative and needs proper adopting of technology planning to make city smart.
ISSUES CHALLENGES AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
Issues and challenges are the two factors which bring hurdles in between the developing
process. This creates lack of changes which give a negative impact on the process of making
Gladstone a smart city (Sharif, Li, Khalil & Sharif, (2017, December). Challenges may occur in
the form of people, technology, social environment, political changes, demographic factors, etc.
Researcher analyses that social factors highly influence the activity. Besides, demographic
factors make changes in interest rates, environmental etc. There are many direct and indirect
factors which make issues and challenges for the city in order to adopt positive factors.
Investigator analysing different forms of issues and challenges which occurs huge impact on the
behaviour of country or city (Stojkoska & Trivodaliev, (2017). This also helps to make the good
problem solving approach in order to mitigate the uncertain risk and unwanted impact on the
society or people. On the other side, researcher also investigate on the matter which government

facing issues while collecting the resources for making city smart. Cities are the main poles of
human and economic activity. People who live in the city it is very tough for them to facing low
development opportunity for them in terms of unemployment and lack of resources or product
and services. For making Gladstone smart city government require huge resources in terms of
human resource, finance resource, technological resource etc. smart city project occur different
challenges and issues which government needs to tackle for continuing the process or target.
Moreover, it is very necessary for the government to make pre planning of all process in order to
select best effective plan. In terms of Australia it is the highly growth country and strong
economy growth (Suciu & Suciu, (2013, May). This makes environment more strong and stable.
To make centuries the best economy they need more focus on the country development. For that
they make more strong ability and power to maintained the situation plan. Smart cities grab the
opportunity of huge investment and rapidly increasing technological market as well. On other
side, to making this project full fill scholar also analyse the issues and challenges.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES WITH THEIR SOLUTIONS.
Role for national government
Local government will make most efforts for investment on smart cities. Local
government of Queensland Gladstone adopts technologies for making city smart for that, they
require the best approachable resources to make them possible (Thapliyal, (2018). City face
some array of challenges limiting smart city development which they need to adopt and
overcome. If government fails to fill the gap between challenges project of smart city will be
drown out.
Too much Risk
It is the fact that smart cities needs heavy investment for the new development. On high
investment there has to be involves high risk as well. This risk making process harder and tough
for the government (Vlacheas & Moessner, (2013). Government of Queensland needs to invest
on different sector for making city smart but due to uncertainties it becomes vary tough for the
city to get over from those risk. In order to make nay process further, government needs
incentive to invest in research it makes good impact ion the process working. Invest on research
on development reap the technology in terms of getting good benefits from them.
Solution: national government should support on smart city projects where they analyse the
country position and helps to overcome from the risk factors (Wang & Razaghi, (2017)).

National government support the smart city project in four areas R&D on technical challenges
for example cyber security 2) demonstrate the research project for making new smart city
application. 3) share the application with smart city technologies and tools to collect better
equipped technologies. 4) determine some smart cities to establish wide test system application.
National government always support R%D in order to enhance the national economic growth. It
makes good opportunity for the Gladstone to make smart city of Australia. Public R&D take
advantages of because it creates underlying technologies of smart city that all smart city
stakeholders can benefit from. This gives the chances to make good effects for the company.
Lack of focus on smart infrastructure
In order to focus on the smart city or digital infrastructure such as the system which
society use is that transport goods, people or information they adopt it gives negative impact on
the development which gives possible negative impact on the growth of smart city. It is very
difficult to take concrete and chips because they all were engaged with concrete and steel.
National government usually facing the issues in collecting the funding usually exacerbates and
less focus on the infrastructure development (Yang, He, & Lv, (2017)).
Solution: National government ensure people to focus on the physical infrastructure for that the
commits for expand funding. They make promise that share of infrastructure should be targeted
to smart infrastructure. For example smart grid system and smart transportation system this
makes the good impact on the behaviour of people. On the other side investigator also analyse
that subnational government also spend a large amount of money on infrastructure. For that they
need to take step to make public transport smart and effective. It gives better opportunity for the
company to adopt better environment. Australia government spend $100 billion spend on
infrastructure in 2014 (Zanella, Castellani, Vangelista & Zorzi, (2014). Whereas state and local
government spend huge amount money on the development on infrastructure operations and
maintenance. Governmental also initial invest on infrastructure.
The Need for interconnected smart cities
Problem: Smart city get benefit to analysing their won data smart cities can easily get the greater
value of analysing larger pool of data which was given by the other smart cities. It is the
governmental growth for the city which planing to become smart city (Zanella, Vangelista, &
Zorzi, (2014). Moreover, with the sharing data for the development of new information and
collects data in effective manner. With the helps of which they make new plans and policies.

While this involves heavy risk on the side which makes effective growth performance. Besides,
it also makes some confusions among the other parties which also makes some hurdles for the
country
Solution: in order to overcome from the issue and challenges government needs to make
effective challenging growth for the country. Government needs to make common policies and
standards for smart city which assists to encourager interpretability and data sharing to increase
the effectiveness (Gubbi, Marusic & Palaniswami, (2013)). In order to stable the smart city
project alive national government or standards coordination needs in order to full fill the best
effective process. On the other side, rules governing data collection and sharing can leverage
smart city technology. On the other side, due to lack of perfect knowledge of technology can also
make process slower and lag behind from the project. On the other side it gives great impact on
the project of smart city. A portion of smart cities technologies helps to built the internet of
things and data analytics and become more valuable. This effective technology helps corps to
reduce the crime in the city as well. High interconnectivity of the city will improve better
environment to the city (Palaniswami Rao & Bainbridge, (2017). National government needs to
maximize the data and reuse of smart city data. In order to adopt own data national government
needs to make national model policy.
Lagging communities of practice
The problems: New technologies' development helps to transform the new methods of working
or to make city smart. Besides, another drawback of this technology is which creates challenges
and issues in the development of city. City also facing the issues by integrating the new
technologies. Such as indoor plumbing, sewage systems, etc. in terms of today's market where
emergence of smart city has been increasing. Through which government facing the challenges
to growing similar opportunity for cities. Smart cities needs to acquire municipal leaders to adopt
new methods of disposal (Rathore, Paul & Rho, (2016). In order to make Gladstone smart city
government needs to enhance the skill set of the individuals in order to improve the smart task
for smart city.
Solution: National government should foster collaboration and coordination in the smart city
ecosystem to facilitate inter city learning and reduce knowledge sharing barriers. It also needs to
acquire smart city in order to make the city clean and safe from diseases. Along with that,

government needs to adopt technologies and new machines through which people can easily
clean the city effectively (Perera, Zaslavsky & Georgakopoulos, (2014).
The Need to ensure equity
The Problem: this is the biggest challenge and threat which deploy city from smart city. Out off
many population few people adopt the advantage of smart city technologies. This is the concept
of smart city technologies and the data they generate. Moreover, the main objective of the
government to make smart city as well as with smart people (Sharif, Li, Khalil, & Sharif, A.
(2017, December).
FUTURE RESEARCH
Methodology Introduction
In this present research it will be defining the importance of smart city for Gladstone
Australia. Methodology helps to define the project research in better form. In this scholar could
find out the challenges and issues facing by the city during the development of smart city. This
makes the proper arrangement of the city (Suciu & Suciu, (2013, May). From this research it will
also define the advantages and disadvantages of the issues in order to get the best outcome level.
Research type
Research is based on the many types which helps investigator to make the researcher in
proper manner. Each type of research assist to collect more relearnt data from the sample. There
are basically two types of research quantitative and qualitative research this makes the proper
working environment. While conducting the research many people get opportunity to adopt new
technologies for making city smart (Thapliyal, (2018). In the above part of literature review
researcher adopt qualitative type of research.
Research approach
Research approach is the plan which and procedure that consists of the step of broad
assumptions for detailed method of data collection, analysis and interpretation. This general
based on the issues on which research is based like present report based on smart city which
creates and facing many issues and challenges factors while processing (Wang, Y. P. E., &
Razaghi, (2017). Research approach is divided into two factors approach of data collection and
approach of data analysis or reasoning.
Research philosophy