CFPBUS003 - Introduction to IT: Business Success and Failure Analysis

This report examines the crucial role of information technology (IT) in business, focusing on its impact on success and failure. The report begins with a literature review exploring how IT strategies contribute to organizational goals and revenue generation, while also acknowledging potential negative impacts like implementation challenges and communication issues. It then delves into ethical and social issues, such as discrimination, health and safety, and legal compliance, highlighting the importance of fair practices and a safe work environment. Different types of networking technologies, including PAN, LAN, WLAN, and CAN, are discussed in terms of their benefits and applications for business growth. The report also covers the latest developments in artificial intelligence (AI), its applications in various industries, and its potential drawbacks, such as the need for substantial investment and the rapid pace of technological change. Finally, the report outlines the different stages of software development and concludes by emphasizing the importance of IT for modern businesses. The report uses Aviva insurance as a case study to illustrate the concepts and challenges discussed.

CFPBUS003 - Introduction to Information
Technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Role of IT in success or failure of a business..............................................................................3
Ethical and social issues..............................................................................................................4
Different types of networking technologies................................................................................5
Latest development in artificial intelligence................................................................................6
Different stages of software development...................................................................................8
Analysis and discussion...................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Information technology plays a crucial role because it helps in building good
communication networks of an organisation, safeguarding data and information. It helps in
recording all the details of employees, secure information of business and help employees in
completing work on time (Ye, Zhou and Wu, 2020). Aviva insurance is a public limited
company which was founded in 2002, its headquarter is in London, England, UK. In report, role
of IT in success or failure of business is discussed. Ethical and social issues which is related with
running business and different types of networking technologies is discussed. Further, latest
development in artificial intelligence is described. Different stages of software development life
cycle are described and analysis is done to identify importance of IT.
Literature Review
Role of IT in success or failure of a business
According to (Basheer and et.al., 2019), information technology plays a crucial role in
success of business because it helps managers in making plans or strategies so that goals can be
achieved. It is essential that new techniques must be used within the organisation so that more
revenue can be generated and it will help in building good image in market. Employees are also
satisfied as they have to work less and all work is done with help of machines. It helps in making
new and innovative products to satisfy needs of customers. Managers of company are applying
information technology, making innovative products so that they can attract more people and
profit can be earned. IT helps in improving data storage and more details can be collected of
employees.
(Yoga and et.al., 2019) elucidated that, Information technology helps in faster processing
of work; employees will perform work efficiently and it lead to increase in overall efficiency of
organisation. Information technology helps in capturing wide area and information reaches to
large customers. This will improve quality and boost productivity of organisation. It increases
value of company and helps in generating more profit, plans or strategies are made by managers
of company so that they can satisfy needs of consumers and attract more customers. Information
technology plays a crucial role in success of business because it provides different ways for
growth and development of company, enhances productivity and boost confidence of employees.

When new technology is applied in organisation then burden of staff members is reduced and
they can work efficiently.
As per (Vugec and et.al., 2018) the view of, information technology has negative impact
on an organisation or it may lead to failure of a business. There are some reasons which may
affect performance of an organisation such as, strategy, leadership, marketing, finance,
operations, time of implementation and communication. In an organisation there are many issues
which may arise and affect overall productivity of company. There can be communication
problem among employees if proper structure is not made by managers. In every company it is
important that there must be proper interaction among members so that they can work efficiently
and reduce confusion or misunderstanding among employees.
According to (Al Shobaki and et.al., 2017), IT lead to failure of a business because
employees are not able to work with the latest technology and need training so that they can
work properly. It is not easy to apply new rules and regulation in company and employees need
time to understand. This requires huge investment and training should be provided to staff
members so that they can work efficiently. Managers must manage things properly; strategies
should be made after analysing market situation and improvements can be made in plans if
required so that goals can be achieved.
Ethical and social issues
As per (Trynchuk and et.al., 2019) the view of, there are some ethical and social issues
which is being faced by managers of Aviva insurance at the time of running business. Different
type of employees is being recruited in an organisation so it is difficult to manage them. There is
difference in language, culture and tradition of workers, when work is given in groups then it is
not easy for managers to handle issues among employees. Some ethical issues which are face by
managers of organisation while running company are, discrimination, health and safety issues,
leadership authority etc. In a company all employees should have equal rights, there must be no
discrimination among members on the basis of gender, caste, income, race, colour or any other
basis.
According to (Barsky, 2017), all employees should have right to speak and share their
views. This will help in growth and development of company. Another issue is health and safety,
workers should get good working environment so that they can work efficiently. It is important
to motivate employees, it will help in boosting their morale and confidence. Every employee is

having right to speak and they should involve in meetings, suggestions can be taken from
members. This will help in motivating employees and boost their confidence. Healthy and safe
environment should be provided to employees, clean premises and all the necessary facilities
must be given to workers so that they can work properly and there will be no issue.
(Kimberly and et.al., 2018) elucidated that, there are legal issues which have negative
impact on performance of employees as well as organisation. Laws, rules and regulations should
be applied in a company to boost morale of workers and motivate them to complete given task
on time. When laws are not applied then it lead to demotivation among employees and they will
not focus on achieving goals of company. It is the responsibility of managers to manage all
activities in an organisation and make rules and regulations which is to be followed by everyone.
According to (Leenes and et.al., 2017), laws must be applied by managers of company to
increase productivity of employees and boost their confidence. Rules and regulations should be
made properly and it must be followed by every member who is working in the organisation.
Every employee should have equal rights and involve in decision making process to increase
efficiency and goals can be accomplished. It is important to make rules so that everyone can get
equal opportunities and there will be no discrimination among members. Good working
environment must be provided to employees so that they can work safely and there will be no
problem. If staff members are safe and not getting ill then they will work effectively and
efficiently which will help in increasing overall productivity of company. This will lead to
improving performance of workers and more revenue will be generated.
Different types of networking technologies
According to (Javed and et.al., 2018), there are different types of networking technologies
which can be used by an organisation for growth and development of company. Types of
networking technology are, PAN (personal area network), LAN (local area network), WLAN
(wireless local area network) and CAN (campus area network).
PAN (personal area network)
It is a computer network which helps in enabling proper communication between devices
which are near a person. This is beneficial for an organisation because PAN can be wired such
as, USB or firewire, some wireless personal area networks are, Bluetooth, ZigBee, infrared and
ultrawideband. PAN can cover few meters; it does not have the capacity to capture wide area.
Some benefits of personal area network are, there is no need of extra cable or wire, it is used in

office, conference and meetings. It helps in synchronizing data between different devices and
connect to many devices easily. Personal area network does not require much investment, cost is
affordable and no extra space is required.
LAN (local area network)
Local area network refers to a collection of devices in which many devices are connected
in one physical location. A LAN can be small or large, it depends on organisation network, this
can be used by an enterprise having many users and devices. Advantages of local area network
are, it helps in sharing resources, software sharing, proper communication can be done among
employees. This network provides centralized data facility and helps in computer identification.
Local area network provides security to information and work can be done in a systematic way.
WLAN (wireless local area network)
Wireless local area network is a network which helps devices in connecting properly and
provides wireless communication. Devices can be connected via Wi- Fi, it helps in connecting to
large area. Benefits of wireless local area network are, it’s reliable sort of communication, it
reduces physical wires so it’s easy way of communication, wireless local area network reduces
the value of ownership (Xie and et.al., 2018). It’s easier to feature of remove workstation and it
covers a wide area. WLAN provides high rate thanks to small area coverage, improves
communication in an organisation. It helps in saving cost and new opportunities are available
which will be beneficial in growth of company.
CAN (campus area network)
Campus area network refers to network which is made up of an interconnection of local
area and it is entirely owned by campus tenants, owner, government or enterprise. This will help
organisation in achieving goals and objectives. Advantages of campus area network are, it
requires less investment, easy accessibility of data, provides wireless medium. In CAN network,
to use hardware devices such as, routers, switches, cable, bridge etc. It is important for a
company to apply campus area network so that devices can be properly connected and there will
be proper communication among employees.
Latest development in artificial intelligence
According to (Vaishya and et.al., 2020), artificial intelligence is useful for companies
because machines help in completing work and employees have to do less work. In this digital

world, new machines and techniques are coming in market and managers of an organisation
should buy according to need of company. When machines are purchased then employees have
to do less work as all work is being done with the help of machines. Techniques has reduced
burden of workers and training is provided to employees so that they can work efficiently and
they will be motivated. Artificial intelligence helps in making plans for future and vision is made
so that all employees can focus on how to achieve targets. Managers are responsible for handling
all the activities in an organisation and they should purchase new machines to increase
productivity of company. Every organisation should apply new techniques so that they can make
innovative and unique products to satisfy needs of customers. This will help in generating more
revenue and better services will be provided to people.
There are some latest developments in artificial intelligence such as, in robotics industry
artificial intelligence is growing as new techniques are made, advancement in financial services,
artificial intelligence has advancement in machine learning for wildlife conservation. It is also
growing in healthcare industry as new technology is being launched for surgery and there are
many changes like, surgery is done fast. Artificial intelligence is growing in automobile industry
as smart phones are available having may features (Contreras and Vehi, 2018). It is useful for
people and they are attracted when new and unique products are provided to them.
As per (Dhanabalan and Sathish, 2018) the view of, artificial intelligence has some
negative impact on organisation such as, artificial intelligence requires huge investment.
Nowadays, competition is increasing rapidly, so every company want to earn profit and they
apply new techniques to make products than competitors. So, employees have to make
innovative products which will help in increasing overall performance of organisation. When
machines are purchased, they require repair and maintenance, so managers have to take care of
that otherwise, production will be stopped. Daily new machines are coming in market, it is not
possible for an organisation to change machines frequently. So, at the time of buying machines
proper plans or strategies should be made.
According to (Reddy, Fox and Purohit, 2019), artificial intelligence does not improve with
experience, it improves by working practically and techniques are changing fast so, it is not easy
for an employee to learn how to run machines and they need training for learning how to work.
Another disadvantage of artificial intelligence is there is lack of creativity because employees are
making products with help of machines and they are not giving ideas. There are chances of risk

of unemployment as all work is done by machines and less employees are required. So, workers
are having issue of job security and due to this they are not able to focus on achieving goals and
objectives.
Different stages of software development
There are different stages of software development which can be applied by an organisation
so that overall performance can be improved. There are seven stages of software development
such as, planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation and maintenance.
 Planning – The first stage of software development is to make plans or strategies. It will
help in attracting more people and better products can be made. Plans are made by
managers to make sure that all activities are properly arranged or not. Before making
plan, market survey should be done to identify choice of customers and according to that
product must be made and services will be provided (Ibraigheeth and Fadzli, 2018). So,
managers should analyse situation in market and on the basis of that plans must be made
for software development.
 Analysis – After planning is done, next step is to analyse which means to check that
everything is going according to plans. If any improvement is required then it should be
done so that good quality products and services can be provided to customers and it will
help in generating more revenue. Analysis helps in identifying mistakes which is done
while making plans and it should be corrected by making changes.
 Design- After analysis is done, next stage is to design software. Different organisation
uses different type of software and it also depends on size of company. So, managers are
responsible for making designs and develop software so that work can be done properly
and there will be no confusion among employees. Developers will outline some details
such as, user interfaces, system interfaces, databases and network requirements. It is
important to identify what is required and according to that software should be
developed.
 Development- Next step is development, in these developers write code and design
document. Planning is done earlier and now changes can be made so that software will
work properly. Developers will follow guidelines for coding and utilize different tools
such as, compilers, debuggers and interpreters. Programming languages such as, C++,
java and other which will help in coding.

 Testing- Fifth stage is to test, after building software it is to be tested to identify that
whether it is properly developed or some changes are required. It is essential that after
development of software it should be tested so that it can be determined if any
improvement is needed. Without testing software, it is difficult to identify what changes
are required and it may have negative impact on organisation in future (de Vasconcelos
and et.al., 2017).
 Implementation- Implementation means to apply it in company. After all stages are
completed, software is developed then plans should be implemented and it will help in
achieving goals of company. Different designs will be combined and after that
implementation should be done.
 Maintenance- After implementation is done maintenance of software will be required
because technology does not work for long time and it needs repair and maintenance. So,
managers should check that software is properly implemented or not.
 So, these are some software development stages which may be applied by an organisation
so that better plans can be made and it will help in achieving goals and objectives of
company.
Analysis and discussion
Information technology helps employees in interacting with each other properly, it will be
beneficial in achieving goals and objectives. There are some benefits of information technology
such as, it will help in proper communication in an organisation, manage all the activities so that
targets can be achieved. It is the responsibility of managers to handle all activities in an
organisation and take necessary steps such as, make plans or strategies for growth and
development, changes must be made to improve overall performance and productivity
(SUTJAHYO and et.al., 2018). Information technology plays a crucial role in success of
business because it helps in applying techniques which helps in completing work on time.
Employees are motivated and they work efficiently because they have to do less work and
training is provided to them.
There are some ethical and social issues which will affect working of company such as,
healthy and safe working environment should be provided to employees so that they can work
properly. There should be no discrimination among employees on the basis of race, gender,

caste, colour, income or any other basis. Different types of networking technologies such as,
personal area network, local area network, wireless local area network and campus area network.
All technologies are different from each other and having advantages as well as disadvantages.
So, managers should make plans after analysing all networking technologies and apply strategies
so that productivity can be increased and revenue will be generated (Luftman, Lyytinen and Zvi,
2017).
Latest development in artificial intelligence is discussed like, in robotics industry technology
is growing rapidly and it will help in making new and innovative products. In healthcare field,
different methods or techniques of doing surgery are being made and implemented so that
customers can get good services. It is important for an organisation to apply stages of software
development which will help in making good plans, analysis, design, development, testing,
implementation and maintenance. These stages should be followed by managers of a company to
develop software and implement it to achieve goals and objectives.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that, information technology helps an
organisation in proper communication among employees and work can be done in systematic
way. Role of information technology in success or failure of a business and in this digital world,
it is important that there must be proper communication among employees. Ethical and social
issues which is associated with technology, different types of networking technologies. Latest
developments in artificial intelligence have been discussed. Different stages of software
development life cycle and analysis has been discussed. Potential benefits and drawbacks of
Aviva insurance company investing in system development.

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Al Shobaki, M. M., and et.al., 2017. The Efficiency of Information Technology and its Role of e-
HRM in the Palestinian Universities. International Journal of Engineering and
Information Systems. 1(5). pp.36-55.
Barsky, A. E., 2017. Social work practice and technology: Ethical issues and policy
responses. Journal of Technology in Human Services. 35(1). pp.8-19.
Basheer, M., and et.al., 2019. Exploring the role of TQM and supply chain practices for firm
supply performance in the presence of information technology capabilities and supply
chain technology adoption: A case of textile firms in Pakistan. Uncertain Supply Chain
Management. 7(2). pp.275-288.
Contreras, I. and Vehi, J., 2018. Artificial intelligence for diabetes management and decision
support: literature review. Journal of medical Internet research. 20(5). p.e10775.
de Vasconcelos, J. B., and et.al., 2017. The application of knowledge management to software
evolution. International Journal of Information Management. 37(1). pp.1499-1506.
Dhanabalan, T. and Sathish, A., 2018. Transforming Indian industries through artificial
intelligence and robotics in industry 4.0. International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering and Technology. 9(10). pp.835-845.
Ibraigheeth, M. and Fadzli, S.A., 2018. Software Reliability Prediction In Various Software
Development Stages. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information
Technology. 96(7).
Javed, F., and et.al., 2018. Internet of Things (IoT) operating systems support, networking
technologies, applications, and challenges: A comparative review. IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 20(3). pp.2062-2100.
Kimberly, L. L., and et.al., 2018. Ethical issues in gender-affirming care for
youth. Pediatrics. 142(6).
Leenes, R., and et.al., 2017. Regulatory challenges of robotics: some guidelines for addressing
legal and ethical issues. Law, Innovation and Technology. 9(1). pp.1-44.
Luftman, J., Lyytinen, K. and Zvi, T. B., 2017. Enhancing the measurement of information
technology (IT) business alignment and its influence on company performance. Journal
of Information Technology. 32(1). pp.26-46.
Reddy, S., Fox, J. and Purohit, M. P., 2019. Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare
delivery. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 112(1). pp.22-28.
SUTJAHYO, S. H., and et.al., 2018. FACTORS AFFECTING IS SUCCESS AND
TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE: A CASE STUDY. Journal of Theoretical and
Applied Information Technology. 96(20).

Trynchuk, V., and et.al., 2019. The role of universities in disseminating the social responsibility
practices of insurance companies. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 17(2).
pp.449-461.
Vaishya, R., and et.al., 2020. Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19
pandemic. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 14(4).
pp.337-339.
Vugec, D. S., and et.al., 2018. The Role of Business Process Management in Driving Digital
Transformation: Insurance Company Case Study. International Journal of Computer
and Information Engineering. 12(9). pp.730-736.
Xie, J., and et.al., 2018. A survey of machine learning techniques applied to software defined
networking (SDN): Research issues and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys &
Tutorials. 21(1). pp.393-430.
Ye, Q., Zhou, J. and Wu, H., 2020. Using information technology to manage the COVID-19
pandemic: development of a technical framework based on practical experience in
China. JMIR medical informatics. 8(6). p.e19515.
Yoga, I. M. S., and et.al., 2019. Information technology adoption on digital marketing
communication channel. International journal of social sciences and humanities. 3(2).
pp.95-104.