Exploring the Dynamics of Inuit and Immigrant Communities in Canada

This report provides an overview of the Inuit and immigrant groups in Canada. It begins by defining the term 'indigenous people' in Canada, focusing on the Inuit, their historical context, and their cultural practices. The report highlights the Inuit homeland, Inuit Nunangat, and their dialects. It then transitions to discuss immigrant groups, particularly those from Asia, including the Indian community, detailing their history, immigration patterns, and the evolution of immigration policies in Canada. The report references the initial challenges faced by immigrants and the shift towards multiculturalism, which significantly increased the number of immigrants. The report concludes with a list of references used in the study.

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An indigenous group in Canada- Inuit
The term indigenous people in Canada applies to indigenous peoples, Métis and Inuit peoples.
These are the founding inhabitants of the nation now Canada. More than 1.6 million Canadian
indigenous people in the 2016 census (Statistics Canada), or 4.9% of the national population,
were classified as indigenous. While the colonial powers have been seriously challenged – and
obsolete in many cases –, the creation of Canada has been influenced and continues to flourish
by Indigenous culture, language and social structures despite the intense adversities.
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, which enshrines the Indigenous rights, provides for the
protection of all Indigenous people in Canada. The unique political shade and environment
between the Crown and Indigenous people in Canada is also covered by numerous treaties and
other legislation.
The Inuit people
Night — "men" Inuktitut — are aboriginal peoples, most of whom occupy Canada's northern
regions. An Inuit is called an Inuk. The Inuit homeland, the land, water and ice of the Arctic is
known as Inuit Nunangat. It can also be called Inuit Nunangat to be used for land in Alaska and
Greenland inhabited by the Inuit. In 2011, Statistics Canada reported 59,440 people in Canada to
classify themselves as Inuit using data from the National Household Survey, representing about
4.2 per cent of the aboriginal population. Inuit have historically been hunters and collectors who
travel from camp to camp seasonally. Large national troops were loosed into smaller seasonal
groups, or winter camps of around 100 persons (so-called "bands") and summer hunting parties
of less than a dozen individuals. The Arvirtuurmiut in the Boothia Peninsula was called "the
baleen whale-eating people," each band was associated with and named accordingly (Pakseresht
& Sharma, 2010).
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Eight major Inuit ethnic groups are here: Labradormiut (Labrador), Nunavimmiut (Ungava);
Baffin Island, the Iglulingmiut (Iglulik), the Kivallirmiut (Caribou), Netsilingmiut
(Netsilingmiut) and Inuinnait (Copper). Inuvialuktun (the Inuvialuit region of the Northwest
Territories); Inuinnaqtun (West Nunavut); Inuktitut (Eastern Nunavut dialect); Inuktitut
(Nunavik dialect); and Nunatsiaviuttut (Nunatsiavut) are the major dialects in Canada. Inuktitut
is an Inuit language (Couture, Bhiry and Woollett, 2016).
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Immigrant group
Around 1.162.900 foreign-born immigrants migrated from 2006 to 2011 in Canada. New
immigrants accounted for 17.2% of the population of foreign borns and 3.5% of the overall
Canadian populations (Ooka & Fong, 2002).
Asia has been the largest source of immigration in Canada in the past 5 years (including the
Middle East), while the proportion of migratory immigration from Africa, the Caribbean,
Central, and South America has marginally risen. Four provinces, Ontario, British Columbia,
Quebec and Alberta, represented the biggest concentrations of the world's foreign-born
population and most of them lived in the largest cities.
The Indian community in Canada has over a century of interesting history. Starting with only a
few immigrants arriving at Vancouver, British Columbia, Indo-Canadians are now one of
Canada's most well-integrated and largest immigrants. The first recorded Sikh immigrants from
the Indian subcontinent. In 1904, during a time when immigration laws were much more
stringent than they were today, they entered Vancouver (Lewis, 2017).
Although the immigration climate was challenging, a few thousand (mostly Sikh) immigrants
started creating a room in Vancouver's economy. Most were effective entrepreneurs serving their
communities as well as businesses throughout the region.
Short years after arrival, two laws were passed by Canadian authorities that effectively ended
India's immigration for a few decades. New Indian immigrants had to pay $200 in cash when
they arrived in Canada under the law while only $25 is expected for European immigrants.
Indian immigrants often had to come from the subsoil with a 'continuing voyage,' something that
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in the time before air travel was almost impossible. But in the mid-1960s, Canada began to shift
to a multiculturalist approach and eliminated all restrictive immigration policies. As a result, the
number of Indians in Canada grew more than 20 times within a few years. Immigrants from all
parts of India, with a wide variety of languages and religions, decided to come to Canada at that
time. This upward migration course continues today (Bhat, 2019).
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References
Bhat, S. (2019). e-Diaspora, the Great War and Sikh military migration to Canada:
Commemorating Buckam Singh. Sikh Formations, 1-15.
Couture, A., Bhiry, N., & Woollett, J. (2016). Micromorphological Analyses of Inuit Communal
Sod Houses in Northern Labrador, Canada. Geoarchaeology, 32(2), 267-282.
Lewis, J. (2017). American images of Punjabi immigrants in the early Twentieth Century. Sikh
Formations, 13(3), 181-192.
Ooka, E., & Fong, E. (2002). Globalization and earnings among native-born and immigrant
populations of racial and ethnic groups in Canada. Canadian Studies In Population, 29(1),
101.
Pakseresht, M., & Sharma, S. (2010). Validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire
for Inuit population in Nunavut, Canada. Journal Of Human Nutrition And Dietetics, 23,
67-74.
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