Investigating Vehicle Automation Systems Safety Issues

This report investigates the safety of automated vehicles, focusing on the challenges and potential solutions in the context of increasing automation. It analyzes the impact of automated vehicles (AVs) on road safety, emphasizing the critical need to address cyber security threats, human interaction complexities, and regulatory challenges. The report examines the interaction of AVs with other road users and the decision-making processes of these systems, while also discussing the importance of trust and acceptance of AV technology by society. It reviews various research papers and studies, including an annotated bibliography, to assess the current state of AV safety measures, including the role of vehicle automation and communication systems (VACS), the impact of infrastructure, and the potential solutions to human factors challenges. The report highlights the importance of proactive measures to enhance the safety of AVs and proposes mechanisms to mitigate risks and ensure the safe implementation of this technology. It looks at the challenges and solutions to improve the safety of AVs.

Investigating development of vehicle automation systems to address the safety issues in AV 1
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Investigating development of vehicle automation systems to address the safety issues in AV 2
Investigating development of vehicle automation systems to address the safety issues in AV
Automated vehicles are believed to have some degree of safety. The introduction of full
automated vehicle is raising many questions especially when the AVs have to interact with other
road elements and be expected to make the best decisions. The AVs have some key sensor
elements which lead to them making decisions on which way to turn or the decision to take
(Gold et al., 2015). In the wake of automation, other road users are likely to interfere with the
operations of the AVs and this will affect their decision making. Challenges on the cyber crime
and hacking of their systems are some of emerging issues in the AVs which can affect their
implementation. In line with all benefits of automated vehicles, safety is one factor which has to
be the top priority and not only the implementation of the technology. This project will analyze
the level of security in the automated vehicles (Diakaki et al., 2015). This project will analyze
the different measures of safety which are meant to enhance safety especially with the driverless
vehicles. One of the key challenge in the world of automation is the cyber security. Hacking of
systems has become a common norm in today’s world and this system need proper protection
from the issue.

Investigating development of vehicle automation systems to address the safety issues in AV 3
Annotated bibliography
University of Michigan. (2010). Intelligent vehicle-highway systems. Ann Arbor, Mich.:
University of Michigan, College of Engineering.
This article looks at the interaction between the AVs and highways to enhance the safety
measures. The paper is able to consider the interruption which other road users are able to bring
out to the AVs and thus interfering with their decision-making. The paper looks at the
automation controls and their functioning in order to enhance the safety on roads. This paper will
be useful in this research to find out the factors which affect the safety of AVs. This will help to
provide different solutions to the problem to enhance the security and safety.
Diakaki, C., Papageorgiou, M., Papamichail, I., & Nikolos, I. (May 01, 2015). Overview and
analysis of Vehicle Automation and Communication Systems from a motorway traffic
management perspective. Transportation Research Part A, 75, 147-165.
This paper looks at implementation of Vehicle Automation and Communication Systems
(VACS) in order to enhance the safety of the automated vehicles. In addition, the paper looks at
the motorway traffic management where both human driven vehicles and driverless vehicles are
on the same route. Therefore this analysis helps to provide measures which can be used to
enhance the safety of the roadways and enhance the safety measures. The use of VACS will be
important in this paper to ensure that the analysis of the safety measures is achieved.
Gold, C., Körber, M., Hohenberger, C., Lechner, D., & Bengler, K. (January 01, 2015). Trust in
Automation - Before and After the Experience of Take-over Scenarios in a Highly
Automated Vehicle. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 3025-3032.

Investigating development of vehicle automation systems to address the safety issues in AV 4
Gold eta al., (2015) helps to analyze the two major projected advantages of automated vehicles
in the roadways. The paper analysis the effect of acceptance of the technology in the society and
the level this is likely to play on the safety on roadways. The authors highlight trust and altitude
on the technology acceptance as the main factors which will affect the safety of AVs. This paper
will be used to analyze the interaction of the AVs and the society and the way these factors can
promote to the technology safety.
Jeong, E., Oh, C., & Lee, S. (July 01, 2017). Is vehicle automation enough to prevent crashes?
Role of traffic operations in automated driving environments for traffic safety. Accident
Analysis & Prevention, 104, 115-124.
The road network has its own operations which are suited to the human driven vehicles.
Introduction of the AVs does not mean that the available infrastructure has to be overhauled and
new systems introduced. Jeong, On & Lee (2017) are able to analyze the safety achieved when
these operations are used for the AVs. The paper will be useful to analyze how the available
infrastructure interferes with AVs and the level of safety is achieved.
Shladover, S. E., & Nowakowski, C. (January 01, 2017). Regulatory challenges for road vehicle
automation: Lessons from the California experience. Transportation Research Part A.
Berlin: Springer.
According to Shladover & Nowakowski (2017) are able to bring out the effects of AVs on the
human driven vehicles. The authors highlight that the responsibility of making decisions on
roadways is being given to automated systems. The paper provides the different challenges
which are being experienced in development of the AV technology. This paper will be able to

Investigating development of vehicle automation systems to address the safety issues in AV 5
help in coming up with a proper mechanism to address these issues and provide a solution to
enhancing the safety.
Yousuf, M., Dailey, D. J., Sundararajan, S., & Kandarpa, R. (January 01, 2016). Enabling
Technologies for Vehicle Automation. Berlin: Springer.
This paper introduces the technologies which the AV relies on. In order to enhance the safety
measures, the paper notes that it is essential to think ahead and enhance the safety measures
(Yousuf, Mailey, Sundararajan & Kandarpa, 2016). The issue of tracking is brought about and
the issues can be able to affect the safety measure of the technology. The research process
provided in this paper will be helpful in providing a better mechanism in enhancing the safety of
the AV technology.
Seppelt, B. D., & Victor, T. W. (January 01, 2016). Potential Solutions to Human Factors
Challenges in Road Vehicle Automation. Berlin: Springer.
This paper looks at the effect of interaction of the driverless technology and human driven cars in
the road networks (Seppelt & Victor, 2016). The issues with human interference are a key
parameter which will affect the safety measure of the AVs. This chapter will be important in
addressing issues which human interaction can bring out and interfere with the safety of the AVs.
Human fact0ors and interference will be important aspects which will be analyzed in this project.
Therefore this paper will be useful in providing solutions to such issues in the AV technology.
Harper, C. D., Hendrickson, C. T., & Samaras, C. (January 01, 2016). Cost and benefit estimates
of partially-automated vehicle collision avoidance technologies. Accident; Analysis and
Prevention, 95, 104-15.

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Human errors are highlighted as the main causes of crashes in roads. This is a costly afafis and
enhancing of safety measures in the road network is one of the major focuses of Av technology
(Harper, Hendrickson & Samaras, 2016). This paper will be important in analyzing the effect of
having the human driven cars and AV technology in road networks. This will help to come up
with aproper system which enhances the safety measures.
International Conference on Future Control and Automation, & Deng, W. (2012). Future control
and automation: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Future Control and
Automation (ICFCA 2012). Berlin: Springer.
This paper looks at the challenges of the AVs and the way to address them. These include the
cyber security issues and the need to have systems to address them effectively (International
Conference on Future Control and Automation, & Deng, 2012). The future of this industry relies
on the safety ensures of the systems and this can be achieved with proper backup. This paper will
be useful in this research in providing proper safety mechanisms for AVs.
Binfet-Kull, M., Heitmann, P., & Ameling, C. (January 01, 2011). System safety for an
autonomous driving vehicle. Proceedings of the 1998 Ieee International Conference on
Intelligent Vehicles, 2.
This paper looks at the safety mechanisms for the AV technology. The paper looks at different
challenges such as the cyber security issues and human interactions to enhance the safety of the
technology (Binfet-Kull, Heitmann & Ameling, 2011). This paper looks at different ways to
address such issues and enhance the safety of the AV technology. This paper will be important is
coming up with a technology to address the safety issues related to the AV technology.

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