Optimising Commercial Workspace with IoT & Big Data in Singapore: MIB

This project investigates the application of IoT and Big Data in optimising commercial workspaces in Singapore, addressing the challenges of limited space and customer satisfaction in retail environments. It examines the importance of these technologies in Singapore's smart city vision, focusing on benefits within the retail industry, crowd analytics in supermarkets, and strategies for enhancing customer service using footfall data. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data analysis to explore the current state and future potential of IoT and Big Data in Singaporean businesses, ultimately providing recommendations for leveraging these technologies to improve workspace efficiency and customer experiences.

Running head: HOW TO USE IOT AND BIG DATA IN ORDER TO OPTIMISE
COMMERCIAL WORKSPACE?
How to use IoT and Big Data in order to optimise
commercial workspace?
Name of the Student
Name of the University

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................3
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................3
1.2 Rationale...........................................................................................................................3
1.3 Problem Statement............................................................................................................4
1.4 Aim, Objectives and Research Questions.........................................................................4
1.5 Significance of Research...................................................................................................5
1.6 Research Structure............................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................7
2.1 Concept of Big Data..............................................................................................................7
2.2 Concept of Internet of Things................................................................................................7
2.3 Crowd analytics.....................................................................................................................9
2.4 Industry................................................................................................................................11
2.4.1 Global...............................................................................................................................11
2.4.2 DFDC................................................................................................................................12
2.4.3 Sensors..............................................................................................................................13
2.4.4 Worldwide........................................................................................................................15
2.4.5 Use cases...........................................................................................................................16
2.5 Benefits of Big and IoT in commercial workplace..............................................................18
2.6 Customer Satisfaction..........................................................................................................19

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Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................21
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................21
3.2 Research philosophy............................................................................................................21
3.3 Research Approach..............................................................................................................22
3.4 Research design...................................................................................................................22
3.5 Data Collection method.......................................................................................................23
3.6 Sampling Method.................................................................................................................24
3.7 Data Analysis Method.........................................................................................................24
3.8 Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................25
3.9 Research Limitations...........................................................................................................25
3.10 Timeline.............................................................................................................................25
Chapter 4: Data Findings and Analysis.........................................................................................28
4.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................28
4.2 Quantitative data analysis....................................................................................................28
4.3 Qualitative Analysis.............................................................................................................39
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations..............................................................................46
References......................................................................................................................................50

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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
Internet has been growing at a rapid pace in all over the world. The use of internet has been
increasing in a daily basis. There have been various applications developed based on the internet.
Internet of Things have been the new face of the technology in the recent market. It has helped in
creating new opportunities in the technological world (Zhang et al. 2018). Various applications
have been revolving around IoT technology. Different business experts have been researching on
the potential of IoT in the business organization development. The current market has been
focused on implementation of big data and IoT in business organization. This research has
focused on the implementation of these technologies in business organization of Singapore. The
digital space has been helping providing the platform for implementing several applications that
can be facilitating various processes and operations in business organizations (Cai et al. 2017).
IoT has been acting as a tool that have been conserving energy within workplace. Various
appliances has been using the IoT technology that help in conserving low energy and electricity.
Therefore, the applications of IoT in workplace has been properly justified. This research has
focused on use of IoT and Big data in the developing workplace environment in organizations of
Singapore.
1.2 Rationale
IoT and Big data have been new technologies that are astonishing the business organizations
in various countries including Singapore. Singapore has been one of the leading developed
country that has been working on a vision of becoming smart city in the world. IoT and Big data
have been an important part of this vision to be completed. Singapore as a city and country has
been very intriguing for doing depth research in context of Big Data (Mohammadi et al. 2018).

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This country has been developing its technology at a rapid pace. The country has been running
on systematic rules and regulations and has become the most expensive city in the world. These
have been a challenge for the country and all organizations are looking for expand in their IoT
systems. Working places in Singapore does not have huge spaces for working. Therefore, they
have been looking for optimizing their working spaces with the help if Big Data and Internet of
Things (Liu et al. 2015). Therefore, this research has focused on optimizing the working space of
working places of Singapore with the help of IoT and Big Data.
This research has focused on the importance of IoT and Big data in Singapore. Various
benefits of IoT and Big data has been analysed in the research. This research has focused on
implementation of crowd analytics of supermarkets and importance of it in development of
economy. Various strategies b which supermarkets can improve their customers satisfaction level
in the market have been critically discussed. The future of Big data and IoT in Singapore have
been discussed properly.
1.3 Problem Statement
The main problem that have been focused in the research has been lack of workplace spaces
in offices of Singapore. Singapore has been facing problems with lack in spaces for ther offices.
Along with this, customers satisfaction of supermarkets in Singapore has been another problem
identified. Therefore, tis research has focused on these problems. Big data and Iot have been
looking for improving these problems faced in Singapore.
1.4 Aim, Objectives and Research Questions
The aim of the research is to analyse the importance of IoT and Big data in the commercial
workplace of Singapore.
Following are objectives of the research:

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 To identify the reason for importance of big data and IoT in Singapore
 To critically analyse benefits of IoT ad Big Data in retail industry in Singapore
 To understand the importance of crowd analytics data in supermarkets of Singapore
 To identify strategies for improving customer satisfaction in supermarkets by using
footfall data
 To analyse the future of Big Data and IoT in Singapore
Following are the research questions:
 Why is IoT and Big Data important for Singapore?
 How IoT and Big Data benefits the retail industry in Singapore?
 How do supermarkets use the crowd analytics data for their benefit?
 In which way supermarkets can improve customer service using the footfall data?
 What is the future of IoT and Big Data?
1.5 Significance of Research
Technology has been improvised on a daily basis and various organizations have been
working towards new changes in market. Big data has been helping companies in different ways
by understanding the pattern of change in technology in the market. The change in the market
needs have been understood by the Big Data analytics that will help in development in the
company in the market. The use of IoT in the business organization have been helping in
creating optimization in various aspects of working in the organization. This research has been
focused on the use of the big data and IoT in business organization of Singapore. This research
has been focused on the future of big data and IoT in business organization. The benefits of IoT
and Big Data have been analysed in the research. Commercial workplaces have been facing

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problems with spaces of working. Therefore, this research has been dine to analyse the use of the
big data and IoT in order to optimize working spaces in the business organizations in Singapore.
1.6 Research Structure
There are total of five chapters on the research study including Introduction, Literature
Review, Research methodology, data findings and analysis and conclusion and
recommendations. The first chapter introduces the research topic. It include basic background of
the research topic that helps in understanding the concept of big data and IoT in the current
market. The problems faced in Singapore have been introduced in this chapter. The aim,
objectives and research questions have been initiated in this chapter.
The second chapter has been focused on literature review for the research. Various
research journals and papers have been analysed for gathering information about Big Data and
IoT in the business organization. Several previous research done on this topic have been
critically discussed. The benefits of Big Data and IoT have been discussed in the chapter. This
chapter lead to the next chapter research methodology.
The third chapter discusses about methodology of the research. This research has
followed mixed approach including both qualitative and quantitative approach. This chapter
include Research philosophy, approach, design, data collection method, sample size, data
analysis method and ethical consideration.
The fourth chapter discusses about the analysing data and information collected from the
data collection method. This chapter discusses about both qualitative and quantitative method of
data analysis.

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The last chapter helps in concluding all the outcomes and results that have been obtained
after completing the research. There have been recommendation provided for future aspects of
big data and IoT in business organization.

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Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Concept of Big Data
There have been increase in the incoming of data form various sources including internet,
newspaper and customer feedbacks in an organization. A large amount of structured and
unstructured data have been mined for analysing different behavioural patterns. There have been
systematic extraction of data and information that have been helping in finding answers for
various problems related to workspace issues in business organization. The procedure of
analysing a structured data can be termed as Big Data Analytics (Hwang and Chen 2017). The
data analytics have been a complex procedure that include a complete analysis of data and
information related to the topic. Big data has been rapidly increasing its popularity in the market
due to its efficiency (Manogaran et al. 2018). The use of big data helps in collecting different
types of data and information and store in a proper manner. From business perspective, big data
has been helping in providing a positive approach in the development of the business. It has been
helping in providing competitive advantage of business in the market (Marjani et al. 2017).
There have been increase in the business patterns for creating profit in the business. The use of
big data helps in maintaining a keen approach in the development of the business in the market.
2.2 Concept of Internet of Things
Internet of Things has been a new technology in the market. IoT contains things which
have unique identities and have been connected to internet (Bi 2017). IoT has been a network of
physical smart devices that have been connected with the internet. IoT has been a new revolution
over the Internet. Objects have been making themselves recognizable that they obtain
intelligence by making and enabling context relating to decision (Kang et al. 2016). The aim goal
of the Internet of Things have been enabling things for connected anytime and anyplace.

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Internet of things have various advantages that have been helping retail industry. There have
been utilization of sensors, reference points and RFID labels that can help in using spaces
fittingly. Therefore, it can screen a number of individuals possessed space in a time.
When we get such composed and arranged information, we can break down it and can
utilise it, later on, to utilise those spaces in like manner. Such sort of observing can have better
arranging shortly, so that; use of a building ends up advantageous for clients (Koo, Piratla and
Matthews 2015). For instance: If in a business building somebody books a gathering space for
dialogue and later the gathering gets dropped, at that point the room can show itself free and it
tends to be accessible for others to book (Mourtzis, Vlachou and Milas 2016). Web has been
developing at a fast pace in everywhere throughout the world. The utilization of web has been
expanding in an everyday schedule. There have been different applications created dependent on
the web. Web of Things have been the new substance of the innovation in the ongoing business
sector. It has helped in making new open doors in the innovative world (Rathore, Ahmad and
Paul 2016). Different applications have been spinning around IoT innovation. Distinctive
business specialists have been exploring on the capability of IoT in the business association
improvement. The present market has been centred around usage of enormous information and
IoT in business association (De Francisci Morales et al. 2016). This research has concentrated on
the usage of these innovations in business association of Singapore. The advanced space has
been helping giving the stage to actualizing a few applications that can be encouraging different
procedures and activities in business associations. IoT has been going about as a device that have
been saving vitality inside work environment. Different apparatuses has been utilizing the IoT
innovation that assistance in rationing low vitality and power (Lv et al. 2017). Along these lines,
the utilizations of IoT in work environment has been legitimately advocated.

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Figure 1: Smart Building components
(Source: Bhatt, Dey and Ashour 2017)
Customers have been discovering supporting devices that have shop knowledge. A client
study directed by (Reddy, 2015) referred to that as indicated by an Infosys study 86% of the
clients said they would pay 25% more for a superior and vast shopping background. The Internet
of Things will give an interconnected situation in which items and services will be customised
for the person. Moreover, it gives a feeling of adaptability that is not known in customary
retailing. It permits to associate the physical and computerised universes permitting constant
communication with the client (Gregory, 2015). In the accompanying part, we will see an outline
of the most encouraging potential outcomes that the Internet of Things brings to the table with
regards to fulfilling this interest. In this paper when we discuss the retail we mean the physical
retail industry, not internet retailing.
2.3 Crowd analytics
As commented by Bhatt, Dey and Ashour (2017), crowd analytics have been an essential
as entrance to it. It has been fundamental for a retail supervisor that the retailer focuses on
customers and participants before the sales. The flow of crowd has been calculated by assessing
forwarding walker developments combined with Artificial Intelligence. The crowd has been
calculated by assessing ongoing developments combining with artificial intelligence. According

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to the Pedestrian development hypothesis of John J. Fruin, when the Crowd thickness is high, the
Crowd stream begins to diminish. At the point when the pack stream is less in a specified
territory that demonstrates that zone is drawing the consideration of the purchasers (Suciu et al.
2015). This could maybe be credited to another clothing structure or an extraordinary offer on an
item, and this comprehends the Crowd conduct dependent on changes in specific regions of the
store. Additionally, if the shop has reported another offer on the third floor yet was stressed that
why clients are not drawn for it, they can allude to most recent one-week swarm stream in that
place and induce why purchasers are not feeling spurred to go till the deck (Al-Ali et al. 2017).
At that point, they can change the arrangement or add all the more engaging designs to the
announcement. There have been no business change in the unaffected by innovation. IoT and Big
information have been new innovations that are astounding the business associations in different
nations including Singapore. Singapore has been one of the main created nation that has been
taking a shot at a dream of getting to be shrewd city on the planet (Network 2017). IoT and Big
information have been an imperative piece of this vision to be finished. Singapore as a city and
nation has been exceptionally interesting for doing profundity look into in setting of Big Data.
This nation has been building up its innovation at a fast pace. The nation has been running on
precise principles and guidelines and has turned into the most costly city on the planet. These
have been a test for the nation and all associations are searching for extend in their IoT
frameworks (Strohbach et al. 2015). Working spots in Singapore does not have enormous spaces
for working. Along these lines, they have been searching for enhancing their working spaces
with the assistance if Big Data and Internet of Things. Subsequently, this research has
concentrated on upgrading the working space of working spots of Singapore with the assistance
of IoT and Big Data (Moreno et al. 2017).