Analyzing IoT Applications for Food Wastage in Australia

This report presents a literature review focused on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) to address food wastage in Australia. The review synthesizes findings from various research papers, examining IoT-based solutions for waste management in the catering industry, smart garbage systems, and the optimization of food supply chains. Key themes include the use of sensor technology, wireless mesh networks, and data mining to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and enhance sustainability. Several studies highlight the potential of IoT to monitor food waste generation, improve collection and transportation processes, and predict shelf life. The report also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing IoT solutions, emphasizing the need for energy-efficient systems and effective information sharing. The reviewed literature suggests that IoT can play a crucial role in minimizing food waste, contributing to a more sustainable and efficient food system in Australia.

Running head: IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
IOT for Food Wastage in Australia
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
Literature Review:
Wen, Z., Hu, S., De Clercq, D., Beck, M. B., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., ... & Liu, J. (2018).
Design, implementation, and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT) network system
for restaurant food waste management. Waste management, 73, 26-38.
According to the author Wen et al. (2018), all over the world the catering companies
makes huge amount of food wastage. This much amount of food wastages is actually loss for
the whole nation on which the restaurants and the catering organizations contributes the most.
Due to this reason the author in this case has presented a sensor based IoT technology which
will be able to improve the management regarding restaurant food waste. Here this
technology works with final disposal, transportation, collection and generation of the
restaurant food wastages. The authors has tested this system for a timespan of three years and
from this testing the author has founded that better management has been achieved regarding
the restaurant food waste generation which resulted collection of this wasted foods via
official channels.
Hong, I., Park, S., Lee, B., Lee, J., Jeong, D., & Park, S. (2014). IoT-based smart
garbage system for efficient food waste management. The Scientific World
Journal, 2014.
As per the author Hong et al. (2014), researches regarding the IoT is increasing
gradually with the time and current research has been conducted various of fields. The waste
management is one of the major field where this IoT has been utilised. In this selected article
the authors has presented an IoT based smart garbage system which is actually capable of
reducing the overall amount of the food waste. Here the discussed technology is based on
battery for exchanging the information among themselves by utilising wireless mesh
networks. This network consists server and routers for collecting and analysing gathered

2IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
information for service provisioning. This smart garbage system currently consists several of
IoT techniques for improving conceive for the user and for the battery lifespan improving.
The authors has identified that by utilising this system the total amount of food wastage can
be decreased.
Mdukaza, S., Isong, B., Dladlu, N., & Abu-Mahfouz, A. M. (2018, October). Analysis of
IoT-enabled Solutions in Smart Waste Management. In IECON 2018-44th Annual
Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (pp. 4639-4644). IEEE.
As per the authors Mdukaza et al. (2018), the IoT solutions are very much useful in
the case of management of wastages. The authors has identified that for a perfect adoption of
this technology this technology also must be energy efficient and it also need to communicate
and share information among other devices which connected in this technological network.
Through this paper the authors has overall presented review of the existing IoT based
solutions of the waste management programs of the smart cities. Through this review the
author has mainly aimed to improve the current system of the waste management in the cities
for maintaining healthy hierarchy of the cities. From this research some drawbacks about this
system has been found and how this idea of smart waste management can be utilised for the
food waste management has been identified.
Martin-Rios, C., Demen-Meier, C., Gössling, S., & Cornuz, C. (2018). Food waste
management innovations in the foodservice industry. Waste management, 79, 196-206.
The authors Martin-Rios et al. (2018), described that the issue of the food wastages
has became a global issue in the current context. For the food service industries this is one of
the most important challenges as it is their key factor for the sustainability in the market.
Though this food services industry suffers various of challenges due to the factor various of
other studies has been done in this segment. In this paper the author has utilised social

3IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
constructionism and innovation management for the investigation purpose of interrelation
between the food service provision and the waste management innovation which are based on
the IoT. In a broader discussion this paper has presented various of initiatives regarding waste
management. All the applications of this initiatives has been shown and described here.
Nukala, R., Shields, A., McCarthy, U., & Ward, S. (2015, October). An IoT based
approach towards global food safety and security. In The 14th IT&T Conference (pp. 10-
17).
Through this paper the author has discussed about the unacceptable reasons of the
food loses in the food service industry. This is not just only the industry issue in the industry
as they are losing their revenue rather that it is a global issue. Here the author has identified
the Internet of Things as a solution of this food wastages. The author has the aim of
developing an waste management system development for addressing the issue of food
wastage and for that cloud technology, wireless network sensor and machine learning has
been leveraged in this case. Based on a two phase methodology the authors has discussed
how the IoT solutions can be leveraged in this case for fixing the issue of food wastages.
Saha, H. N., Auddy, S., Pal, S., Kumar, S., Pandey, S., Singh, R., ... & Saha, S. (2017,
August). Waste management using Internet of Things (IoT). In 2017 8th annual
industrial automation and electromechanical engineering conference (IEMECON) (pp.
359-363). IEEE.
The authors Saha et al. (2017), has elaborated that the techniques of waste
management regarding the treatment of the solid wastages is perfect solution for
determination of the wastages that are actually not belongs to the trash bin such as foods. As
per the author there are total eight ways regarding the techniques of waste management and
these techniques are divided into some classes. As per the author these eight steps are the

4IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
employ and reduction, compositing, animal feeding, landfills, burnings, recycling, feeding,
fermentation and regarding land applications. In this aspects the authors has identified that
IoT is capable of assisting the utilization method on each of the every stages of the waste
management.
Ostojić, G., Stankovski, S., Tegeltija, S., Đukić, N., & Tejić, B. (2017). Implementation
of IoT for food wastage minimisation. In XVII International Scientific Conference on
Industrial Systems (IS'17),[online] Available at: http://www. iim. ftn. uns. ac. rs/
In this case the author has discussed about the techniques of food wastage
minimization which can be achieved through the implementation of the Internet of Things.
As per the author, wastages of food is very much vital issue which is currently affecting the
mankind negatively. The authors has identified that wastages regarding the food not only
occurs after the final production of the foods but also the wastages occurs during entire
lifecycle of the food manufacturing process including the agricultural process also. As per the
author the main reason behind the wastages is inefficiency in the supply chains of foods.
Another reason in this case is that improper information at each of the every phases of food
cycle. Thus to solve this problems the authors has proposed IoT system model which is
having the capability of dynamic shelf life prediction regarding kinetic Arrhenius model.
Accorsi, R., Bortolini, M., Baruffaldi, G., Pilati, F., & Ferrari, E. (2017). Internet-of-
things paradigm in food supply chains control and management. Procedia
Manufacturing, 11, 889-895.
In this paper the author Accorsi (2017), has discussed about the Internet of Things and
the following the IoT paradigm in this paper the authors has discussed about the strategies
and goals for creating the IoT architecture which consisting planning, control and
management of the food supply chain. It has been identified that by controlling the food

5IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
supply chains efficiently it is possible to reduce the wastages of the food by a huge margin. In
this aspects the authors has presented comprehensive architecture regarding the entities,
informative flows, and the processes that are need to be tracked. Authors has also presented
simulation tye of gaming tool for the perfect food supply chain management.
Oralhan, Z., Oralhan, B., & Yiğit, Y. (2017). Smart City Application: Internet of Things
(IoT) Technologies Based Smart Waste Collection Using Data Mining Approach and
Ant Colony Optimization. International Arab Journal of Information Technology
(IAJIT), 14(4), 423-427.
As per the authors Oralhan et al. (2016), in the urban type of lifestyle there are several
kind of problem and one of the biggest problem in this case is the waste management
regarding various of aspects which includes the waste management of the foods also.
Observing this problem the authors has designed and proposed a garbage container which is
capable of sensing the dumped garbage in real time and can differentiate about real garbage.
The algorithm of ant colony has been utilised by the authors in this case and from that an
efficient garbage collection program has been developed in this case.
Jagtap, S., & Rahimifard, S. (2017). Utilisation of internet of things to improve resource
efficiency of food supply chains.
As per the authors Jagtap and Rahimifard (2017), the food supply chain is very much
important aspect of the overall food manufacturing and an efficient food supply chain is able
to save the foods from wastages as most of the food wastages is done various steps of the
food supply chain. Thus for an efficient type of food supply chain the author has focused on
three main aspects of the food supply chain which are reduction of water, energy
consumption and reduction of the food wastage. Here perfect monitoring is very much
important in every stages of the food supply chain for improving these food supply chains.

6IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
Thus the authors has implemented the principle concept of IoT for an efficient monitoring
system, planning and management regarding the activities of food supply chains. Feasibility
of adopting such type of technology is also observed in this case. With that the authors has
also presented an IoT framework for supporting incorporation of relevant data within
decision making models of the supply chains which is having the aim of food wastage
reduction and consumption of water and energy.

7IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
Bibliography:
Accorsi, R., Bortolini, M., Baruffaldi, G., Pilati, F., & Ferrari, E. (2017). Internet-of-things
paradigm in food supply chains control and management. Procedia
Manufacturing, 11, 889-895.
Hong, I., Park, S., Lee, B., Lee, J., Jeong, D., & Park, S. (2014). IoT-based smart garbage
system for efficient food waste management. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
Jagtap, S., & Rahimifard, S. (2017). Utilisation of internet of things to improve resource
efficiency of food supply chains.
Martin-Rios, C., Demen-Meier, C., Gössling, S., & Cornuz, C. (2018). Food waste
management innovations in the foodservice industry. Waste management, 79, 196-
206.
Mdukaza, S., Isong, B., Dladlu, N., & Abu-Mahfouz, A. M. (2018, October). Analysis of
IoT-enabled Solutions in Smart Waste Management. In IECON 2018-44th Annual
Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (pp. 4639-4644). IEEE.
Nukala, R., Shields, A., McCarthy, U., & Ward, S. (2015, October). An IoT based approach
towards global food safety and security. In The 14th IT&T Conference (pp. 10-17).
Oralhan, Z., Oralhan, B., & Yiğit, Y. (2017). Smart City Application: Internet of Things
(IoT) Technologies Based Smart Waste Collection Using Data Mining Approach and
Ant Colony Optimization. International Arab Journal of Information Technology
(IAJIT), 14(4), 423-427.
Ostojić, G., Stankovski, S., Tegeltija, S., Đukić, N., & Tejić, B. (2017). Implementation of
IoT for food wastage minimisation. In XVII International Scientific Conference on
Industrial Systems (IS'17),[online] Available at: http://www. iim. ftn. uns. ac. rs/

8IOT FOR FOOD WASTAGE IN AUSTRALIA
Saha, H. N., Auddy, S., Pal, S., Kumar, S., Pandey, S., Singh, R., ... & Saha, S. (2017,
August). Waste management using Internet of Things (IoT). In 2017 8th annual
industrial automation and electromechanical engineering conference
(IEMECON) (pp. 359-363). IEEE.
Wen, Z., Hu, S., De Clercq, D., Beck, M. B., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., ... & Liu, J. (2018).
Design, implementation, and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT) network
system for restaurant food waste management. Waste management, 73, 26-38.