IoT's Influence: Innovation, Disruption & Stakeholder Impact in Auto

This report explores the influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) on the automotive industry, focusing on its impact on vehicle driving, innovation, and stakeholders. The study employs a quantitative research methodology to assess the adoption of IoT in the automotive sector, highlighting both its capabilities and limitations. It discusses how IoT transforms traditional vehicles into connected cars with features like vehicle tracking, predictive maintenance, and enhanced safety. The report also examines the disruptive nature of these innovations, including design ideation, customer satisfaction, real-time scheduling, and lifecycle revenue. Challenges such as security risks, power consumption of sensors, and the need for smart infrastructure are addressed. The study concludes with suggestions for mitigating these limitations and proposes future research directions, particularly in applying IoT to the agriculture industry. Desklib provides access to this report and many other solved assignments for students.

Running head: REPORT ON INTERNET OF THINGS
REPORT
ON
INTERNET OF THINGS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note:

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Abstract:
This research paper has aimed to discuss about the application if internet of things as well
as the influence of this on its stakeholders. In order to get a detail elaboration on it a research has
been conducted with quantitative research methodology where several limitations has been
observed. And then a list of suggestions has been provided which will help to mitigate those
limitations. Later, it has also provided a future research idea by which we be able to explore the
application of iot in agriculture industry.
Introduction:
Internet of things is now a day’s one of the trending technology that which holds a major
capabilities to improve our daily life by making the devices more capable. Followed by this
concern it has been noticed that adoption of Internet of things has increasingly influences several
fields that has majorly influenced our daily life and the effectiveness of those nominated field.
While analyzing the services and the technologies of internet of things it is identified that the
operation of this technology is highly data driven. Followed by this investigation it is identified
that the capabilities of IoT can convert a simple wrist band into a smart band that is capable to
calculate the heartbeat, footsteps as well as it can detect the weather too (Garud, Berends &
Tuertscher 2018).
While elaborating this aspect it has been noticed that IoT is the core element of the
automated industry which has ruled over the global market for quite a long time. In the global
automotive industry a major influence of internet of things has been observed as IoT has
modifies as well as transformed the services offered by the automotive industry and has
increased the care sales as well. Along with this while analyzing the business growth of the
vehicle industry it is identified that from the past 10 years this industry has made a huge

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improvement into their business which has helped them to overcome from economic crisis
(Hassan 2017).
Along with this the significance of self-driving cars has been also identified that has
offered several benefits to its users. A self-driving car is nothing but a car with self-learning
capabilities as it is observed that self-driving cars Sesser the environment, gathers information
from the environment and prepare themselves with best quality services (Hussain, Alam & Beg
2018).
In the current technological world IoT has given extreme performances and helped
several field to improve their services. However, most of significance of IoT has been noticed
into the automobiles industry. Thus the primary object of this paper is to discuss about how
internet of things has influenced the vehicle driving and how innovation has taken place into the
same industry. Along with this, the paper has also aimed to how these innovations are disrupting
the business as well as its impact on the stakeholders present in this industry (Hussain, Alam &
Beg 2018).
Followed by the above objective this paper will consist a detail elaboration on the
mentioned topic. Along with this the research methodology and the comparison of the
methodologies will be also included in this paper. After identifying the issues and the
problematic areas this study will also suggest best research methodology that will help to gather
more information about the nominated topic. Considering these studies it will be conclude by
suggesting some future studies based in this area.

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Literature Review:
IoT
According to Li, Da Xu & Zhao (2015) the IoT (Internet of Things) explains the physical
object network “things”, which is embedded with the software, sensors and the other
technologies for exchanging and connecting the data or information with the other system and
devices over internet. The devices can be from the household objects to the advance industrial
tools.
IoT has become the vital technology in this century. People are being able to connect the
objects such as cars, kitchen appliances, baby monitor, and thermostats to internet through the
embedded system. It made the communication to be seamless between the things, processes and
people.
The cloud, mobile technologies, analytics, low-cost computing, big data and any physical
things can collect and share the data and information with the less human intervention. The
digital system can monitor, record, and adjust the interaction among the connected things, in the
hyper-connected world.
Automotive industry
According to Calabrese (2016) automotive industry, all of the businesses and operations
engaged in motor vehicle production, including most parts such as bodies and engines but
excluding tires, fuel and batteries. Passenger cars and light trucks, including buses, vans, and
sports utility vehicles, are the main products of the company. Commercial vehicles are
secondary that is supply trucks and large distribution vans, also called semis, although essential

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to the industry. Current industrial vehicle architecture is addressed in the car, bus, truck, and
motorcycle articles; the automobile engines are defined in the diesel and petrol engines.
IoT in car
As per Kirk (2015) innately creative is the automotive industry. Vehicles were the horse-
and-buggy improvement and since then this has been iterating on the initial concept, defining the
use case and building new ones along the way. IoT technologies open up completely new
markets for automobiles at both the industrial and customer rates. Several of these
are discussed below:
Vehicle Tracking
As for dealerships, commercial applications and car auction lots often have huge, multi-
acre property with potentially thousands of on-site cars. They are failing operationally to handle
their production efficiently and in the real time. According to Godavarthi, Nalajala & Ganapuram
(2017) IoT is promoting the rising trend in IoT control and distribution strategies for such
commercial sites. Utilizing GPS-enabled trackers, which communicate with the wide area local
low-power network such as LoRa, dealers are able to observe each vehicle's location on its lot.
This means that their salespeople are able to find vehicles faster for their customers, removing
the needle-in-a-haystack circumstance of attempting to find a specific vehicle inside a thousand
seas. The positioning and details of the vehicle will then be shown on a user interface that
reflects the lot, offering lot managers a more detailed and robust view of their stock.
Connected Cars and C-V2X
As per Cohen, Arce-Plevnik & Shor (2016) connected vehicles have long been a hot
topic. GM's OnStar was launched in the year 1996 and with its linked connectivity subscription

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service that allowed the GPS location monitoring and in-vehicle contact, it pretty much saved
lives.
Connected vehicles can, though, include more than just location tracking. A clear basis
for automotive networking has been developed for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project known
as 3GPP, unifying different telecom entities and standards: Cellular Automotive-to-Everything
also known as C-V2X. The norm embraces all connected vehicle's potential and encourages
backward compatibility. C-V2X operating modes are two such as device-to-network and device-
to-device.
Device-to-network facilitates vehicle-to-network connectivity through cellular networks,
enabling the integration of cloud based services and real-time traffic management and navigation
in such end-to-end solutions. Vehicles themselves will support the data adaptive streaming with
the link to the cellular network.
Device-to-device facilitates connectivity situations such as V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I
(Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) and V2P (Vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2P, V2I and V2V open up more
than connected vehicles; they make it easier for cyclists and pedestrians to use linked roadways
through technologies such as automatic braking, traffic signal priority or timing, and health
warnings.
Fleet Management
Everybody has run out of fuel in the middle of the long street, or at any point in time has
fallen into the reserve mode. According to Backman et al., (2016) fleet management enables easy
tracking of gasoline level of the vehicle, collecting in-cloud and in-vehicle data, sensors for

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vehicles, and location for vehicles. IoT promotes an end-to-end fleet management program to
capture complete data.
Vehicle Telematics
As per Marabelli et al., (2017) black box assistance for road traffic has become the fact
by vehicle autonomous driving, whereby collapse-resistant duplex black boxes enable control,
protection, security and seamless connectivity like never before. According to Yang et al., 2014,
vehicle telematics offers a platform which will have tremendous potential in the near future to
leverage the automotive industry.
Predictive Maintenance and Safety
Powerful software development kits are integrated successfully into the vehicle
for taking care of the internal components of car maintenance, including engine protection, data
transmitters, electronics, and other control units. It includes tailored safety precautions, such as
routine scheduling of regular vehicle maintenance, warnings on seat belt use, vehicle health
screening, anti-sleepiness alarm devices, and in-lane location monitors.
Innovation
There was a period when the concept of autonomous cars was seen as a view of the
future, the vision was not matched by the technology available at the time. Nevertheless,
technology development such as IoT and AI has allowed dramatic improvements in this field.
Design Ideation
According to Krasniqi & Hajrizi, 2016, the IoT technology has made handling the
product's lifecycle simpler by speeding up the processes for development and output. Such

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improvements help in faster product time-to-market and enhance the customer satisfaction ratio.
Through separating non-value drive parts and eliminating them from the future designs, IoT
often allows producers to reduce production costs. The concept proposal possibilities consist of
implementing analytical techniques and tools for tracking the efficiency of goods and using the
knowledge for enhancing and develop the design and production cycle.
Higher Customer Satisfaction
According to Alam, 2016, at least 10 million lines of important software commands are
available today for the cars. This needs comprehensive software and application management
techniques. With the aid of IoT-enabled products and equipment suppliers may achieve
better satisfaction of customer by delivering regular updates to the embedded software, for
usability purposes or by offering new applications that will help for increasing aftermarket sales
revenue.
Real-Time Scheduling
According to Kim et al., 2016, IoT-enabled analytics and systems support process
the automation can help the manufacturers to improve the product quality in the real time.
Manufacturers of cars can easily adopt a robust lean manufacturing strategy that lets them
achieve quicker time-to-market including for increasingly advance and clever goods and allows
them to remain in line with customer's rapidly changing demands.
Lifecycle Revenue of the Product
A suitable IoT network may help collect information remotely at any point in
the connected car's lifespan and gain valuable insights into car usage, vehicle performance, car
position, driver behavior, and so on, and establish new revenue streams for automotive

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manufacturers and their shareholders. According to Ghanbari et al., 2017, a full aftermarket
service environment can be generated by gathering, processing and monetizing data collected
from the millions of cars on the road for generating new business opportunities.
Limitations
Like the other IoT system or devices, the connected vehicles case the risks of the hacks
and data breach. According to Marietta & Mohan, 2019, the makers of the automobile are
equipping the vehicles with the connected features, which are faster than they will be able to
defend against the risks and threats.
The IoT needs multiple accurate sensors for monitoring continuously. The existing
sensors are very power consuming and the sensors require external battery. Replacement and
maintenance of the battery require much tedious and attention. Therefore, there are much
requirement to develop the low power consuming and maintenance free battery and sensors.
To communicate and transmit the data, 4G communication is required. For the short-
range communication in the neighbors’ vehicles, sophisticated Wi-Fi is required.
According to Winkelhake, Winkelhake & Schilgerius, 2018, OBD (Onboard Diagnostic
Ports) are very important and they are mandatorily made in many countries. The developers of
the mobile app started the preparation of the particular application of the vehicles that use the
onboard diagnostic ports as the trigging points.
As per Oforji & Oju, 2018, the traffic signals and the road signal are needed to be made
smart for recognizing the number plates of the cars and to receive the data and information from
the transmitters and sensors of the cars.

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There are also the limitations with the employment of the staffs who are working with the
industry. Because of the IoT, there are high chances of the unemployment, which can create a
huge impact on the present employees of the industry.
Impact on Stakeholders
There will be multiple possible and negative impacts on the stakeholders of the
automobile industry because of the implementation of IoT in the industry.
System Failure
As per Brookhuis, De Waard & Janssen, 2019, due to implementation of IoT there will be
many chances of the system failure. For the driverless car, the car can function in a wrong way in
the absence of the driver and cause an accident This type of case can cause the legal issue which
can impact the industry as well as the customers. In the case of the electric vehicles, the battery
of the car can be down anytime and there will be no option to recharge the battery of the car,
which can cause issues for the users.
High price
Due to the implementation of IoT in the automotive industry, there can be hike on the
price, which will highly impact the industry. Because of the high price, the number of the
customer will be less as much people will not be able to afford to buy or the service cost of the
vehicles. This will cause the revenue of the industry to be down and can disrupt the business.
Methodologies:
Research methodologies are one of the core element that is required to conduct any
research. From the studies it is very significant that in order to get a solution of any problem as

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well as to get a detail idea about the nominated area it is very essential to conduct the research
with effective research methodologies. Making allowance to this concern it is identified that
qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are the mostly used research methodology
which helps to analyze the research area. However, these are the two types of research
methodology but these tow has several differences. Hence, in the below section a detail
elaboration of the qualitative research and quantitative research is mentioned:-
Qualitative research methodology-
Qualitative research methodologies are such types of research method methodology
which is highly capable to understand the emotion and behavior of an individual based on the
nominated topic. According to the studies it is identified that there are several types of qualitative
research methods those includes the group discussion, face to face interview as well as the
analysis of the contents. In the below section a list of qualitative research methodologies are
listed:
 Group discussion- is one of the most effective method that is mostly used to collect the
data that is related to the research topic. In order to collect the data from the group
discussion it is very essential to select the group members very carefully as their
responses are very important for the research too.
 Face to face interview- is also one of the most effective method that helps to collect the
data related to the nominated research topic. As in this method the selected participants
can respond to the research question privately.
 Observation of the research topic- is also very helpful to gather data related to the
research topic. As while using this method the nominated research topic can be analyzed

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very well and from there the researcher will be able to get a detail idea about the research
area.
 Keeping the record of all types of records- will help to analyze all of the document
collected from valid source.
Quantitative research methodology-
Quantitative research methodologies are such types of research methodology which helps
to analyzing as well as too explore the experiences of the people with respect to any nominated
issue. In this research methodology the data will be gathered in a form of quantifiable data.
These types of data are always collected using online survey, questionnaire as well as online
polls. As these data are collected in a numeric form thus, it requires careful understanding to
understand the pattern. The quantitative research methodology has two basic types which
includes the primary quantitative research methodology and secondary quantitative research
methodology (Tu 2018).
Primary Quantitative Research Methodology-
The primary quantitative research methodology has three basic part followed by which
the research will be done. Those part includes the (i) research technique, where survey and
experimental research is most effective (ii) data collection methodology and the last part is the
(iii) data analysis techniques.
Secondary Quantitative Research Methodology-
The secondary quantitative research method is such research method which collects data
from the existing researcher thus, these data is called as secondary research data. In order to
collect these data the researcher mostly uses data that are available on internet, commercial
information sources, educational institutions and non-government as well as government sources.