Literature Review: Network Protocols for IoT and IPv6 Deployment

This literature review provides an overview of network protocols, specifically focusing on the Internet of Things (IoT), IPv4, and IPv6. It begins by defining protocols and exploring the IoT protocol stack, including major protocols like CoAP, AMQP, MQTT, and DDS. The review then delves into IoT architecture, outlining protocols at each layer. Following this, it examines the limitations and challenges of IPv4, such as address scarcity and security issues, while highlighting the capabilities and advantages of IPv6, including its larger address space and end-to-end connectivity. Finally, the review discusses the deployment of IPv6, offering a step-by-step guide for successful implementation. The paper references several sources to support the information presented.

Network Protocols 1
LITERATURE REVIEW: NETWORK PROTOCOLS
Name
Institution

Network Protocols 2
Overview of Internet of Things protocols
According to Elprocus (2019), a protocol is a set of regulation and rules which allow
electronic devices to communicate. The Internet of Things protocol stack is said to be an
extension of the TCP/IP protocol layer model which is comprised of seven layers. Nevertheless,
the IoT protocol stack has a very powerful protocol as compared to the TCP/IP layered model.
Example of IoT major protocol list include Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) which is
used in machine to machine communication, Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
which is useful in the exchange of reliable message, Message Queue Telemetry Transport
Protocol which is used to collect data from various devices and rely the data to the network, and
Data Distribution Service (DDS) which is a middleware protocol between application and
operating system (Elprocus, 2019). Other protocols are HTTP, Extensible Messaging and
Presence Protocol (XMMP), and WebSockets.
IoT architecture
According to Sarangi (2017), there is no consensus on IoT architecture. The IoT
architecture comprises of the following protocols in every layer
Layer Protocols
Layer 1: Business layer N/A
Layer 2: application layer CoAP, XMMP, AMQP,and
MOTT
Layer 3: Processing layer IPV6, IETF RPL
Layer 4: Transport layer UDP, DTLS (Sarangi, 2017)
Layer 5: Perception layer N/A

Network Protocols 3
Limitations and challenges of IPv4
 Scarcity of internet protocol addresses
 Security related issues
 Address configuration issues
 Quality of service
 Weak protocol extensibility
 Geographic limitations
 Issues with security of communications
 Feeble Internet protocol extensibility: IPv4 has a small size of header
 Lack of location space
 Security correspondence
 Lack of quality administration
 Ipv4 lack to end to end connectivity
 The service support is not qualitative
 Vulnerable to communication breach
 The growth demand of IP addresses is high but less supply
 Ipv4 has a small length header length (Anon., 2019)

Network Protocols 4
Capabilities of IPv6
IPv6 comes with great features as compared to IPv4. First IPv6 has a larger address space
as compared to Ipv4. Ipv6 comes with four times more bits. Meaning that Ipv6 can accumulate a
number of devices. Second, it offers end to end connectivity; IPv6 can transverse over the wide-
area network without using translating components such as NAT. Also, IPv6 supports both
stateless and stateful auto-configuration mode
Deployment of IPv6
According to Scott Hogg (2017) deploying IPv6 can be a challenge but some organizations have
made this successful by following ten steps which are;
 Having a plan in place where define goals
 Assessing one network
 Assessing skills in one organization
 Getting senior management sign off
 Offer IPv6 training
 Developing an addressing plan
 Building a test environment
 Getting first block of Ipv6
 Configuring and monitoring one network (Hogg, 2017)
References

Network Protocols 5
Anon., 2019. Explain the limitations of IPv4 that are overcome by IPv6?. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ipv4.deals/blog/explain-the-limitations-of-ipv4-that-are-overcome-by-
ipv6/
[Accessed 15th December 2019].
Elprocus, 2019. IoT Protocols and their Architecture. [Online]
Available at: https://www.elprocus.com/iot-protocols-and-its-architectures/
[Accessed 15th December 2019].
Hogg, S., 2017. IPv6 deployment guide. [Online]
Available at: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3235805/ipv6-deployment-guide.html
[Accessed 15th December 2019].
Sarangi, P. S. a. S. R., 2017. Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications.
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1(1), pp. 1-25.