Higher Nationals Report: IoT Software Application Design and Analysis

This report delves into the critical aspects of Internet of Things (IoT) technology essential for designing effective software applications. It begins by exploring various forms of IoT functionality, including cloud computing, fog computing, smart city applications, and industrial internet applications. The report then reviews standard architectures, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs used in IoT development. Furthermore, it examines specific forms of IoT architecture and evaluates their suitability for different project scenarios. The analysis includes a discussion of the Verizon thing space framework, Arduino, Raspbian, and other tools and hardware. Two project examples are analyzed, comparing simple IoT architecture and service-oriented architecture (SOA). The conclusion emphasizes the importance of adopting high-level IoT architectures, frameworks, and APIs to successfully design and implement software applications. The report is a comprehensive guide for understanding IoT's role in software development.

Internet of thing

INTERNET OF THING
1
Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
1. Various forms of IoT functionality.................................................................................................2
Cloud computing for IoT....................................................................................................................2
Fog computing for IoT.......................................................................................................................2
IoT for smart city...............................................................................................................................2
IoT for Industrial internet..................................................................................................................2
2. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT
development.........................................................................................................................................3
3. Review specific forms of IoT architecture......................................................................................3
4. Evaluate the forms of IoT architecture..........................................................................................4
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................5
References.............................................................................................................................................6

INTERNET OF THING
2
Introduction
Term internet of thing is defined as the network of computer systems which is used in
home appliances, electronic devices and vehicles to connect these things with the
internet and exchange data or information (Yashiro, et al., 2013). The inherent of thing
plays a significant role in the area of software application designing and it requires the
security and data analytics aspects in order to design software application more
effectively. The objective of this study is to analyse the key aspects of IoT technology
required in order to design and software application. This report divided into major
four parts such as various forms of IoT, review standard architecture and tools used in
IoT, specific form of IoT architecture, and evaluate the forms of IoT architecture. S
1. Various forms of IoT functionality
Cloud computing for IoT
It is one of the common forms of IoT where this technology process and push the human
data and information in cloud computing (Sarkar, et al., 2014). Moreover, many
companies use this technology and send data or information into the cloud web page
and they control and monitor their data with the help of IoT.
Fog computing for IoT
It is an advanced version of cloud computing and uses the local processing system in
order to send and receive the employees' data from the cloud (Sarkar, et al., 2014). It is
observed that this technique is also used in the application development for storing
their private data into the fog computing system.
IoT for smart city
In smart cities, this technology is used to control and manage the traffic signals and it
changed the way of communication where consumers can easily monitor their devices
by using software applications (Ren, Guo, Xu, and Zhang, 2017).
IoT for Industrial internet
The industrial internet is also the best form of the internet of thing where companies
and consumers can share and receive any kind of information related to their business.

INTERNET OF THING
3
It is observed that many business industries like Cisco use this technology to see the
overall industrial internet (Vögler, et al., 2016).
There are few other forms of IoT functionality which are following
 IoT for smart homes
 Iot for Wearables
 Connected health by using IoT
 Smart supply chain through IoT
 Application development using IoT
2. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs
available for use in IoT development
It is observed that there are major three layers involved in the architecture which is
used in the development of IoT such as, IoT device layer, IoT gateway layer, and IoT
platform layer. For the development of IoT in the given scenario, the Verizon thing
space framework can be used and Arduino, Raspbian, device Hive, Open SCADA all these
are best tools for the development of IoT (Khan, et al., 2012). Mainly the Particle.io,
Espressif ESP8266 Boards, Intel IoT Development Boards, and Arduino IoT Product
Line all these are very common hardware used in the development of IoT.
The application program interface (API) is used in the software development life cycle
in order to connect the things with the internet connectivity and in the given scenario
organization develop and produce software application for which they required this
step. Moreover, the fundamental architecture can be used in the software development
life cycle because it is potential to evaluate the requirement of clients or consumers and
connect the operators with the client’s requirement (Datta, Bonnet, and Nikaein, 2014).
The IoT framework positively impacts on the software development life cycle and it
helps developers to design and implement the IoT based applications. The tools and
hardware of IoT support software development cycle for designing and producing an
effective software application and they can easily check and monitor the performance of
software by using tools and APIs interface.

INTERNET OF THING
4
3. Review specific forms of IoT architecture
For the first project, the simple IoT architecture can be used which involves the main
three layers such as IoT device layer, IoT platform layer and IoT gateway layer. The
Allerin’s framework is one of the best and suitable frameworks for the first project and
for controlling and monitoring the Arduino tool can be used and arduino UNO hardware
can be used to connect the devices and equipment’s (Krco, Pokric, and Carrez, 2014).
Moreover, the hardware type API can be used to interface the computer devices and
interment connectivity’s with personal devices. For accessing the main power supply
they can adopt the wireless networks and protocols.
For the second project, service oriented architecture can be used and Allerin framework
is the most suitable type of framework that connects the sensors with the building
devices and systems. There are various kinds of tools can be used such as Arduino,
Raspbian, device Hive, Open SCADA and so on (Desai, Sheth, and Anantharam, 2015).
Particle.io, Espressif ESP8266 Boards, Intel IoT Development Boards, and Arduino IoT
Product Line all these hardware can be used for the controlling and monitoring the
devices and equipment of the smart buildings. Moreover, the data structure and
programmatic interfaces types of APIs can be adopted in order to interface the software
and applications with the building application architectures.
4. Evaluate the forms of IoT architecture
In the first project, the simple IoT architecture could be used that depends on the client
requirements and follow the guidelines. In which there are major three layers used such
as the client side layer, operator side layer and IoT platform layer. The IoT device layer
connects the devicues and equipment’s used in the project and follows the client
requirement and the IoT gateway layer focus on the operator requirements
(Polianytsia, Starkova, and Herasymenko, 2016). There are major four steps involves in
this architecture which are the following:
 Sensors and actuators
 Edge IT
 Data centre and cloud
 Internet getaways

INTERNET OF THING
5
In the second project, service oriented architecture could be used that objective is to
provide the loosely coupled scheme and project in order to reduce the integration
related issues. With the help of this architecture smart buildings can design and
implement the better network system and connect all sensors with the devices
(Polianytsia, Starkova, and Herasymenko, 2016). It contains major three layers such as
physical sensing layer, application layer and IoT middleware layer.
Both these architectures can be used in the designing of software applications where
first architecture follows the client’s requirements and second architecture reduces the
integration related issues (Polianytsia, Starkova, and Herasymenko, 2016). Moreover, in
SOA architecture is a very common type that used in the deigning of software
application because it is a more effective and efficient process to interface the sensors
and devices with the control system and consumer requirements.
Conclusion
This report explained the various forms of IoT funcinality, architecture, frameworks,
tools and hardware used in the IoT during the development of software. Moreover,
there are two projects discussed and evaluated the best suitable IoT architecture for the
given scenario. It is concluded that the company can adopt the high level IoT
architecture and frameworks during designing and implementing the software
applications and they can adopt the data structure and programming interface APIS can
be used.

INTERNET OF THING
6
References
Datta, S.K., Bonnet, C. and Nikaein, N., (2014) An IoT gateway centric architecture to
provide novel M2M services. In 2014 IEEE World Forum on the Internet of Things (WF-
IoT), 6(2), pp. 514-519.
Desai, P., Sheth, A. and Anantharam, P., (2015) Semantic gateway as a service
architecture for iot interoperability. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Mobile
Services, 18(4), pp. 313-319.
Khan, R., Khan, S.U., Zaheer, R. and Khan, S., (2012) Future internet: the internet of
things architecture, possible applications and key challenges. In 2012 10th international
conference on frontiers of information technology, 16(6), pp. 257-260.
Krco, S., Pokric, B. and Carrez, F., (2014) Designing IoT architecture (s): A European
perspective. In 2014 IEEE World Forum on the Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 14(8), pp. 79-
84.
Polianytsia, A., Starkova, O. and Herasymenko, K., (2016) Survey of hardware IoT
platforms. In 2016 Third International Scientific-Practical Conference Problems of
Infocommunications Science and Technology (PIC S&T), 16(8), pp. 152-153.
Ren, J., Guo, H., Xu, C. and Zhang, Y., (2017) Serving at the edge: A scalable iot
architecture based on transparent computing. IEEE Network, 31(5), pp.96-105.
Sarkar, C., Nambi, S.A.U., Prasad, R.V. and Rahim, A., (2014) A scalable distributed
architecture towards unifying IoT applications. In 2014 IEEE World Forum on the
Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 10(8), pp. 508-513.
Vögler, M., Schleicher, J.M., Inzinger, C. and Dustdar, S., (2016) A scalable framework for
provisioning large-scale IoT deployments. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology
(TOIT), 16(2), p.11.
Yashiro, T., Kobayashi, S., Koshizuka, N. and Sakamura, K., (2013) An Internet of Things
(IoT) architecture for embedded appliances. In 2013 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian
Technology Conference, 12(2), pp. 314-319.