This report provides a comprehensive overview of security and privacy issues within the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart architectures. It explores the increasing use of IoT in various industries, highlighting the importance of edge computing and its impact on IoT applications. The report delves into critical research on data security and privacy, emphasizing the role of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in safeguarding information against various threats such as malware and viruses. It analyzes the need for robust security measures at different layers, including application, communication, and actuator layers, and examines various encryption and decryption methods. The report also addresses challenges like DDOS attacks, ad-hoc networks, and malware, while identifying gaps in existing literature. Relevant technologies like wireless networks, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and Wimax, along with their applications, are discussed. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous improvement in IoT security to protect against evolving threats and ensure the reliable functioning of smart systems.