Analysis of IoT Concepts: Short Answer Questions Assignment

This document presents a student's responses to several short answer questions related to the Internet of Things (IoT). The answers cover a range of topics, including the evolution of interfaces and the concept of 'no interface' design, exemplified by the automotive industry. The assignment also explores the characteristics of different types of cables (twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic), comparing their bandwidth, distance capabilities, interference resistance, cost, and security features. Furthermore, it compares and contrasts various sensors, RFID, and video tracking technologies, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, key requirements, and applications. The document addresses security and privacy concerns within IoT, discussing specific issues related to interoperability and standardization. Finally, it touches upon the impact of methods on time budget savings and contrasts Nielsen's Law with Moore's Law in the context of broadband connectivity, explaining the factors contributing to the slower growth of internet bandwidth compared to computer processing power. This assignment provides a valuable resource for students studying the Internet of Things, offering insights into various aspects of the technology and its implications.

Short Answer Questions on Internet of Things
Student ID:
Student Name:

Question 1:
The current era of globalization and technological advancement has necessitated several
creative minds using technology to solve problems rather than just developing user interfaces.
The reason why best interface is identified as no interface is because interfaces create major
barriers. The elimination of interfaces is identified as a principle for embracing the natural
processes (Doody, 2011). This was significantly addressed to reframe the constraints in its
design from resolving its iPhone app as per the natural course of actions. For this purpose,
Mercedes considered the creation of a wonderfully elegant and incredibly intuitive entry of the
car. The car is able to sense the key if it is close-by and the door will open in the absence of any
additional work as a good thinking of technology design. In the absence of interface, big
companies like Google are establishing better competitive edge as they establish direct
platforms for the users or the customers (Atzori et al., 2010). The absence of interface also
helps in simplifying the overall procedures followed by organizations in management and
monitoring.
Question 2:
1. Twisted Pair Cable
Bandwidth
At level 1 and level 2 of twisted pair cable, the bandwidth is 0.4 MHz and 4 MHz, respectively.
Distance
Given the uniform interfering source throughout the distance covered in a single twist, there
will be a common mode for the induced noise.
Interference Rating
Two conductors are twisted together in one circuit to cancel out any electromagnetic
interference through the consideration of external sources and crosstalk among connected
pairs (Aggarwal et al., 2013).
Cost
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There is preferable use of twisted pair cable in networks of data for medium and short
connections due to the considerably low costs in comparison with coaxial cable and optical
fiber.
Security
Twisted pair cable is specifically used for video applications with improved bandwidth aligned
with the baseband of signals in television (Aggarwal et al., 2013).
2. Coaxial Cable
Bandwidth
The bandwidth of a single coaxial cable is 6MHz.
Distance
Different signals reduce the scope of electromagnetic radiation for maintaining more distance
among exchanges.
Interference Rating
There are various external factors that interfere with the connection of coaxial cable.
Cost
The cost of coaxial cable is higher than that of twisted pair cable but lower than that of fibre
optic cable (Atzori et al., 2010).
Security
Security can be improved in this cable by limiting the deployment of amplifiers and higher
bandwidth.
3. Fibre Optic Cable
Bandwidth
The minimum bandwidth of fibre optic cable is 500 MHz.
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Distance
Fibre optic cable of minimum bandwidth can carry signal of 500 MHz for a distance of 1 km.
Interference Rating
There is most preference for fibre optic cable due to its higher bandwidth, increased immunity
from electromagnetic interference and long distance (Doody, 2011).
Cost
There is more cost effectiveness involved in fibre optic cable in comparison with copper cables.
Security
Due to no electromagnetic radiation and difficulty in tapping without signal disruption, the
cable is significant in environments of high security.
Question 3:
Factors of
Comparison
Sensors RFID Video Tracking
Advantages These allow the extension
of system from basic
functions to the ones
receiving and acting upon
data in the environment.
These are considerably
cheap if there is use of
their wired versions
(Stankovic, 2014).
RFID has the ability of
scanning tag if it is within
the range of frequency
without any limitations on
line-of-sight. There is also
ability of scanning several
items simultaneously with
every tag containing
maximum information
(Roman et al., 2011).
This allows the location of
multiple moving objects by
a camera. This provides
techniques of object
recognition to track a
possible issue in logistics.
Disadvantages Careful decision making is
required by the users as
they will be monitored all
the time creating distrust in
The set-up and
maintenance of RFID is
comparatively expensive in
comparison with optical
It is an extremely time
consuming process as it
consists of large amount
of data.
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technology (Roman et al.,
2011).
scanning. There can also be
barriers in the RFID
scanning (Botta et al.,
2016).
Key
Requirements
Installation of additional
wiring
Cross-layer designing
Fulfillment of privacy
statutes as per restricted
activities
Authority of the devices
Analysis of sequential
video frames from
algorithm
Consideration of target
localization and
representation algorithms
Applications 1. Applications in
parameters to monitor the
environment
2. Deployment in cities for
monitoring the level of
dangerous gases
1. Scanning tags optimally
to avoid manual operations
2. Cashless payments
possible in cases of theme
parks, venues and festivals.
1. Surveillance and
security
2. Video compression and
communication
Question 4:
The issue of security and privacy in IoT is a major concern to specialists of information
technology. As a result of increased connectivity, there is establishment of data as per a
connected object. As data is created, it is also collected while recognizing valuable data.
Followed by the full implementation of IoT, the volume and variety of available potentially
private or personal information to other users is huge. As a result, significant risks are posed to
users with hackers trying to seek and use the confidential information (Roman et al., 2013).
Some specific issues are related to interoperability and standardization.
Question 5:
There can be savings in time budget by the addition of methods or command over the main
protocol or with specific additions in accordance with the overall implementation. Acting as a
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significant application for indicating middleware urgency for the communication of data, there
can be a non-zero saving of time budget for the optimization of operations internally.
Question 6:
In terms of broadband connectivity, Nielsen’s law tends to be lagging the concepts of Moore’s
law to process computer for specifically surprising causes. According to the Nielsen’s law, there
are three main reasons due to which bandwidth of maximum internet users is increasing at a
slow rate in comparison with the performance of computer processing. These reasons are: 1)
conservative nature of telecoms companies, 2) reluctance of users for investing more on
bandwidth, and 3) increasingly broad base of user (Sundmaeker et al., 2010). Similar to Moore’s
law, this law acts as a measure with respect to competitive capabilities. The design gap is
specifically acknowledged as it exists in all of the transistors available across competitive
process nodes while addressing availability of maximum speeds for high end users.
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References
Aggarwal, C. C., Ashish, N., & Sheth, A. (2013). The internet of things: A survey from the data-
centric perspective. In Managing and mining sensor data (pp. 383-428). Springer US.
Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: A survey. Computer
networks, 54(15), 2787-2805.
Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., & Pescapé, A. (2016). Integration of cloud computing and
internet of things: a survey. Future Generation Computer Systems, 56, 684-700.
Doody, P. (2011). Internet of things strategic research roadmap. Internet of Things-Global
Technological and Societal Trends, 1, 9-52.
Roman, R., Najera, P., & Lopez, J. (2011). Securing the internet of things. Computer, 44(9), 51-
58.
Roman, R., Zhou, J., & Lopez, J. (2013). On the features and challenges of security and privacy in
distributed internet of things. Computer Networks, 57(10), 2266-2279.
Stankovic, J. A. (2014). Research directions for the internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things
Journal, 1(1), 3-9.
Sundmaeker, H., Guillemin, P., Friess, P., & Woelfflé, S. (2010). Vision and challenges for
realising the Internet of Things. Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things,
European Commision, 3(3), 34-36.
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