IoT and Smart Applications: Technologies, Applications and Future

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its diverse applications. It begins with an introduction to IoT, defining its core concepts and highlighting its impact on various industries and daily life. The report then delves into the technologies enabling IoT, including RFID, NFC, and Bluetooth, and explores the applications of IoT in smart cities, healthcare, home automation, and agriculture. It examines how IoT enhances security and emergency responses, optimizes resource management, and improves efficiency across different sectors. Specific examples such as smart cities, home automation and smart agriculture are explored. The report also touches on the role of IoT in security and emergency cases. The report concludes by summarizing the potential of IoT to transform various aspects of our society. This report, written by a student, offers valuable insights into the current state and future prospects of IoT.

Running head: IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
Name of the Student
Name of the Organization
Author Note

1IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS

2IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
Introduction
The term Internet of Things is seen to be mainly representing a generalized concept for
the capability of several devices of network in both sensing as well as collecting data from
around the entire world. After that data is shared across the internet where it can be finally
processed as well as used for a number of several interesting purposes. IoT mainly comprises of
several machines which are very much smart both interacting as well as communicating with
some other machines, infrastructure or rather any environment. It has been noticed nowadays
that each and every person are seen to be connecting with each other by utilizing a lot of ways of
communicating or rather sharing of information. The important concept of the term Internet of
Things is seen to being seen to be around for about last two decades and has been able to attract a
huge number of industries as well as researches due to the specific impact which is highly
estimated in the improvement of both of our society as well as our daily lives. Whenever several
materials like all the appliances of household are connected to the network, then they will be
capable of working together with good cooperation for providing a particular ideal service and
not like the collection of several devices which are mainly working independently. This will
considered to be quite a useful one for a number of applications belonging to the real world and
one make take any example like a smart residence, automatic closing of windows as the AC is
turned on or automatic opening for oxygen whenever oven of gas is turned on. The main concept
of IoT is very much valuable for several persons possessing a number of disabilities as it has the
capability of supporting several activities of human at a huge scale like a specific society as all
the devices have ability of mutually cooperating towards the act as an entire system. The
capability of communication and remote control which will be manual will be further leading to
a step which will be asking for a question about the way by which things will be automated

3IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
associated with the processing based upon cloud which will be making several things happen
without any kind of intervention. This actually forms the ultimate goal of some of the
applications of IoT.
It has been known that the particular term of Internet of Things has been first coined in
the year 1999 by Kevin Ashton basically in the particular concept of supply management of
chain. However, it has also been seen by the last few decades that the specific definition has
become much more inclusive by covering a broad range of several applications like transport,
healthcare and so on. There has been a radical evolution of the recent internet into a particular
network of several objects which are interconnected which have the capability of not only
harvesting several information from any specific environment and then interact finally with the
world which is physical, but also utilizes several existing standards of internet for providing a
number of services for the transferring of information as well as sharing of information. Mainly
fueled by the particular prevalence of a number of devices which has been enabled by some open
technologies which are mainly wireless like the Bluetooth, RFID, Wi-Fi, data services which are
mainly telephonic and also the nodes of actuator, the concept of IoT has been able to step out of
infancy and it is finally upon the verge of turning the recent internet which is static into a future
internet which is fully integrated.
Discussion
Technologies enabling IoT
It has been observed in a particular study that there are actually three kinds of
technologies which have the capability of enabling IoT (Aloi et al. 2017). The study describes
how in the late 2000s, it has been observe that RFID has been a technology which is very much

4IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
dominant and afterwards it has been observed that NFC or near field communication has even
become very much dominant. It has been seen that NFC has been becoming a very much
common one in a number of smart phones during the early time interval of the year 2010 with a
number of important uses like reading of the tags of NFC or rather for the accessing of
transportation mainly a public one. Codes of quick response and tags which are optical have been
seen to be used mainly for the purpose of low tagging of cost. The cameras of phones have the
specific capability of decoding the code of QR by utilizing several technique of image
processing. Lower energy and Bluetooth are mainly considered to be one of the latest technique.
All the full new smartphones which are seen to be releasing have a specific BLE hardware within
them. A number of tags which are mainly based upon BLE can be able to signal their particular
presence at a budget of power which mostly allows them for operating for even up to a period of
one full year on a coin cell battery made up of Lithium.
Applications of IoT
It has been seen that there are a huge number of smart applications of IoT which will be
involving smart cities, smart agriculture, monitoring of health care and monitoring of transport
(Gaur et al. 2015). This particular study describes that the technology of IoT has been used in
several areas like shopping malls, railway station, bus stand, airports and so on. In a number of
malls, it has been used for automatically controlling both the temperature as well as the humidity
of the mall via a centralized air conditioner with the help of a specific sensor of temperature. In
several organizations like industries, IoT can be utilized for displaying several emergency
messages within the hospitals. There are alsa number of areas where IoT is seen to be utilized
very frequently. Some of them are cases of emergency as well as security, field of machines and
control of industries.

5IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
Smart Cities
There is a specific study which specifies the application of the paradigm of IoT to a
particular context of urban and it is of huge interest because it has the capability of responding to
a potential push of a number of national governments for adopting the solutions of ICT in a
proper management of all the affairs which are highly public and this the concept of smart city
has been realized (Zanella et al. 2014). For making a particular city a smarter one for engaging
with the exhaust of data generated from the city as well as neighborhood, IoT helps a lot in
properly monitoring the availability of all the areas of parking within the entire city, monitoring
of a number of vibrations and the conditions of materials in several building, monuments or
bridges and also in detecting several android devices or any other generalized device having its
working with several interfaces of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. It will also be helping a lot in monitoring
huge number of vehicles as well as levels of pedestrian mainly for optimizing all the collection
routes of trash and in providing all the highways which are so called intelligent with a number of
warning messages as well as diversions as per the conditions of climate and some other events
which are totally unexpected like any accidents or traffic jams.
Role of IoT in security and emergency cases
There is one study which describes how IoT powered wireless sensor system of
automation has been utilized for the detection as well as the control of a huge amount of
hazardous gases (Somov, Baranov and Spirjakin 2014. Hence, this shows that IoT plays an
important role in several cases of emergency as well as security. In the case of both emergency
as well as security IoT is seen to have been playing an important role in the access control of the
perimeter, presence of liquid, levels of radiation and also in case of gases which are both

6IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
explosive as well as hazardous. In case of the access control of the perimeter IoT has been seen
to be helping a lot in both the detection as well as in the control of a huge number of people in
restricted or non-authorized cases. IoT plays an important role in the detection of liquids in
several centers of data, building grounds which are sensitive as well as in the warehouses for the
prevention of any kind of breakdowns. As per all the levels of radiations have been considered,
IoT has been utilized in several surroundings of the nuclear stations of power for generating a
number of alerts of leakage. In case a number of explosive as well as hazardous gases, there is a
huge application of IoT in the detection of the leakages of gas and also in the detection of a
number of levels in the environments of industries.
Smart agriculture
There is one specific study which shows how IoT has been seen to have been playing a
very important role in developing the concept of smart agriculture (Gondchawar and Kawitkar
2016). It shows that as per the smart agriculture is, considered, there is a huge application of IoT
upon the enhancing of the quality of wine. There is also a great application of IoT in the cases of
green houses, courses of golf, station network which is mainly meteorological and in compost.
The IoT has the capability of monitoring the moisture of soil and the diameter of trunk in several
vineyards for controlling the amount of sugar within the grapes and also in the health of
grapevine. It will also be helping a lot in controlling several conditions of micro climate for
maximizing the fruit production as well as vegetables and the quality of it. In case of the courses
of golf, there will be selective type of irrigation within all the zones which are dry for the
reduction of the resources of water which are mainly needed in the green. It also possess with the
capability of controlling both the temperature as well as the humidity levels in straw or hay for
preventing any kind of fungus and also some other contaminants which are microbial.

7IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
IoT in home or domestic automation
It has been well described in one particular study regarding the role of IoT in domestic or
home automation (Pavithra and Balakrishnan 2015). This particular study says that particularly
in the case of homes, it has been observed that by the use of the system of IoT there will be a
possibility of remote monitoring as well as managing several appliances of home and finally will
be helping a lot in cutting down the bills of months as well as the usage of resource. There are
also a number of applications of IoT in case of domestic as wel as home automation which
mostly involves the use of energy and water, appliances which are controlled by the remote,
intrusion systems of detection and prevention of both goods as well as arts. It has been observed
that IoT has been applied a lot in the monitoring of the consumption of water supply for
obtaining advice about the process of saving both resources as well as costs. It will also be
helping a lot in both switching on and off all the appliances which are mainly remotely for
avoiding any kinds of accidents and in saving energy. Iot possess with the capability of detecting
windows as well as openings of doors and violations for preventing any kind of intruders. It even
monitors a number of several conditions within both the art warehouses as well as museums.
IoT in the field of medicines
It has been well described in one particular and specific study about how the Internet of
Things is seen to have been providing a very efficient as well as a full new life to the field of
healthcare and medicines (Elanthiraiyan and Babu 2015). IoT has a huge development of a huge
number of different fields, but the most important one is particularly in the field of medicines. In
this particular study, as per the medicinal field is taken into account, it has been observed that
there is a wide application of IoT in several purposes of all kinds of detections. IoT also plays an
important role and has be huge application upon all the medical fridges, care of sportsmen,

8IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
surveillance of patients as well as in the radiations which are ultraviolet. It possess with the
capability of assisting all the people who are both elderly as well as the disabled ones who are
seen to living independently. IoT helps a lot in both monitoring as well as controlling all the
conditions within freezers which mostly stores all the medicines, as well as several elements
which are organic. It provides with proper monitoring of vital signs in several centers of high
performance as well as fields and also provides monitoring of a number of conditions of several
patients within any hospitals and in the homes of some elderly people. IoT also possess with the
capability of measuring ultraviolet rays of sun for alerting people from not being exposed in
some hours.
Parking system based upon IoT
There is one particular study which describes how the system of parking will be based
upon Internet of Things (Khanna and Anand 2016). It has been able to show how in the current
times, the main concept of smart cities have been able to gain huge popularity. For this the great
evolution of IoT of the smart city has been thanked. There has been a number of consistent
efforts which have been made within the field of IoT mainly for maximizing both the
productivity as well as the reliability of the urban infrastructure. Several problems like the
congestion of traffic, limited facilities for parking and the safety of roads are seen to be
addressed by IoT. This paper has been able to present a cloud integrated system of parking based
upon IoT. The smart parking system which has been proposed will be comprising of the
deployment of on-site of the module of IoT which is utilized for monitoring as well as
signalizing the availability state of each and every single space of parking.

9IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
IoT and industrial control
It has been observed in one particular study which describes how IoT is considered as a
secure platform for several control systems of the industries (Shahzad, Kim and Elgamoudi
2017). It has been seen to have been playing a very important roole in the real time automation
of industries as well as controls. There is also a huge application of IoT which has been noticed
in the several applications of machine to machine, indoor quality of air, monitoring of
temperature, presence of ozone and also auto diagnosis of vehicles. IoT plays an important role
in the auto-diagnosis of problems as well as control with the help of machines, monitoring of the
levels of oxygen as well as toxic gas within several plants which are chemical mainly for
ensuring both working as well as the safety of a number of goods. It also possess with the
capability of monitoring temperature within the industry and within the food industries it helps a
lot in the proper monitoring of the levels of ozone during the procedure of drying meat. It also
helps in the collection of information from the can bus mainly for sending all the alarms of real
time to a number of emergencies or rather providing various advices to all the drivers.
IoT based Rehabilitation System
A particular study well describes about the particular rehabilitation system based upon
IoT and shows how IoT has helped a number of objects to become smart as well as
interconnected which can be recognized as the next revolution of technology (Fan et al. 2014). In
this typical case, all the systems of smart rehabilitation based upon IoT are seen to be becoming a
much better way for the mitigation of all the huge number of problems which are seen to be
associated with all the populations which are aging and also the huge shortage of a number of
professionals of health. Although it has been noticed that it has come into the reality, there will

10IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
be a number of critical problems which will be still existing in the design of automation and the
system reconfiguration will be enabling it particularly for responding to all the requirements of
the patients rapidly. This paper has been able to properly present an automating design
methodology based upon ontology for all the systems of smart rehabilitation in IoT. Ontology
helps a lot for creating a strategy of rehabilitation and several resources of medicines which will
be helping a lot for creating a strategy of rehabilitation and reconfiguration of all the medical
resources as per all the specific needs of the patients very quickly.
Case Study
Internet of Things is seen to have been evolved out of the main requirement for
connecting, communicating as well as interacting with several things at home, within the factory
or cars. IoT is mostly having a number of names like WoT or the Web of Things and IoE or the
Internet of Everything. IoT is seen to have been already taking a the scene of home with several
devices interconnected to each other for directly enabling link or proper connection to and
between several persons and incrementing the quality of a large number of services with an
improvement in the security for both the property as well as the people. The automation at home
has been seen to have gone through a huge number of several steps or stages of developments
with a particular communication which is wired and control of a large number of devices.

11IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
A smart home is seen to be particularly a one within which a number of several electronic
appliances are seen to be wired up to a central computer system of control and they can be either
switched on or off at certain period of time. Automation of smart home and IoT is creating have
created a lot of buzz specifically within the industry of IT. Daily lives have become much
simpler, comfortable as well as better with the incrementing number of homes which are smarter
as well as all the devices which are connected. Smart homes have changed the way people are
living to a great extent. Several devices of smart home ranges from anything like all the smart
refrigerators, dryers as well as air conditioners and also a huge range of several devices of both
safety as well as security like the alarming system and the security cameras of the circuit
(Strohbach et al. 2015). Both ease as well as convenience are making all the IoT applied smart
homes very much appealing and as it has been noticed that there are all together connected to
each other, it has become very much easier for managing a number of operations. With the use of
all the devices of IoT smart homes, it has become very much easier for the reduction of both

12IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
costs as well as energy and all the while a lot of time is being secured. But it can be said that the
integration of the devices of smart home can have either positive or rather a negative effect as
well upon the technology of smart home. The future is not at all going to be possessing any kind
of misunderstandings with all the appliances which are seen to be powered by artificial
intelligence. All the homes which are smart must be able to know when the light is to be turned
off the very moment anyone leave the room, deactivation of the lock with the recognition of face
and others. It can be thought that in the year 2019 as well as beyond, there will be much more
integration towards the support of smart home for all the owners of home. The utilization of all
the cameras of security is seen to be on the rise and several people are utilizing it for having an
eye upon their particular property. Due to the integration IoT, it has become possible for getting
a number of alerts of threats in an automatic way and in some cases when there is something
wrong, it will be proactively alerting all people for taking control of the entire situation. From the
specific perspective of the owner of house, all the consumers will be becoming very much
excited for having a several new ways for controlling their home.
.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the IoT has been delivering with a huge number of applications
in a number of areas and also delivering a huge step change in the quality of life of all the
individuals and also in the productivity of the enterprise. With the help of a broadly distributed
as well as a localized network mainly an intelligent one, IoT possess with the potential of
enabling a number of enhancements as well as extensions towards a number of fundamental
services in security, education, health care, transportation and so on while offering with a full

13IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
new ecosystem for the development of application. A particular effort mainly a concerted one is
very much needed for moving the industry far beyond the older stages of the development of
market towards much higher maturity which will be highly driven by a same understanding of
the opportunity’s distinct nature. This particular market is seen to possessing with a separate
distinct feature in a number of areas of the distribution of service, models of business as well as
charging and also a number of capabilities which are needed for the delivering all the services of
IoT and also all the differing demands for all of these services will be placing upon the networks
of mobile. It has also been observed that connecting all those devices which are smart to the web
has also started to be happening but at a quite slower rate. There are a number of applications of
IoT which have been noticed. It can also be thought that any model of the system of E-
Advertisement based upon IoT for several shopping malls can be implemented which can be
replacing all the system of advertising for a number of applications of several shopping malls.

14IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
References
Aloi, G., Caliciuri, G., Fortino, G., Gravina, R., Pace, P., Russo, W. and Savaglio, C., 2017.
Enabling IoT interoperability through opportunistic smartphone-based mobile
gateways. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 81, pp.74-84.
Deshpande, A., Pitale, P. and Sanap, S., 2016. Industrial automation using Internet of Things
(IOT). International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering &
Technology (IJARCET), 5(2), pp.266-269.
Elanthiraiyan, P. and Babu, D.S., 2015. Smart medicine and physical health system using
IoT. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 4(3), pp.333-
338.
Fan, Y.J., Yin, Y.H., Da Xu, L., Zeng, Y. and Wu, F., 2014. IoT-based smart rehabilitation
system. IEEE transactions on industrial informatics, 10(2), pp.1568-1577.
Gaur, A., Scotney, B., Parr, G. and McClean, S., 2015. Smart city architecture and its
applications based on IoT. Procedia computer science, 52, pp.1089-1094.
Gondchawar, N. and Kawitkar, R.S., 2016. IoT based smart agriculture. International Journal of
advanced research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 5(6), pp.2278-1021.
Khanna, A. and Anand, R., 2016, January. IoT based smart parking system. In 2016
International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA) (pp. 266-270).
IEEE.

15IOT AND SMART APPLICATIONS
Pavithra, D. and Balakrishnan, R., 2015, April. IoT based monitoring and control system for
home automation. In 2015 global conference on communication technologies (GCCT)
(pp. 169-173). IEEE.
Shahzad, A., Kim, Y.G. and Elgamoudi, A., 2017, February. Secure IoT platform for industrial
control systems. In 2017 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service
(PlatCon) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Somov, A., Baranov, A. and Spirjakin, D., 2014. A wireless sensor–actuator system for
hazardous gases detection and control. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 210, pp.157-
164.
Strohbach, M., Ziekow, H., Gazis, V. and Akiva, N., 2015. Towards a big data analytics
framework for IoT and smart city applications. In Modeling and processing for next-
generation big-data technologies (pp. 257-282). Springer, Cham.
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L. and Zorzi, M., 2014. Internet of things for
smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(1), pp.22-32.