Analysis of IoT Enabled Infrastructure in Smart Cities: Report

This report examines the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology within smart cities, focusing on the constraints and advancements in various sectors. It explores the application of IoT in areas such as smart lighting, smart healthcare, and smart transportation, highlighting the benefits of these technologies in enhancing urban environments. The report delves into the use of Big Data and cloud computing for data management and security, essential components for the successful implementation of smart city initiatives. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges related to data privacy and traffic control systems, offering insights into how IoT can provide solutions to these issues. Through a literature review and discussion, the report provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of IoT-enabled infrastructure in smart cities.

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IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
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1IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
Abstract
The main aspect of this report deals with the analysis of the significant constraints associated
with the significant development of the smart cities along with the IoT technology taken into
consideration. The different sectors will be focused with in an environment of smart city thus
enhancing the sectors like healthcare, transportation, smart lights as well as the significant
privacy if the data that are associated for the successful implementation of the technologies
like Big Data and Cloud computing. The report will provide a clear review in respect to the
overall improvement procedure of the smart city considering the IoT technology.

2IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................3
2.0 Literature Review.................................................................................................................3
3.0 Methodology........................................................................................................................9
4.0 Discussion and Implication of Research............................................................................10
5.0 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................11
6.0 References..........................................................................................................................13

3IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
1.0 Introduction
The Internet of Things is depicted to be an engineering platform that mainly performs
with many systems to ease the usage by its end users. The significant sectors that are
identified to be facilitated with the usage of the IoT technology are identified to be the
vehicles, electric meters, security systems, traffic control systems and even in the innovation
for the smart cities. This report will be dealing with the various constraints associated with
the innovative measures that are to be adhered while developing a smart city in respect to the
usage of the various IoT technologies. The emergence of significant digital technologies will
help the cities to be smart enough thus reducing the security breaches as well as enhancing
the overall devices and methods to be effective for smart cities. The significant constraints
that will be dealt with in this report is identified as the privacy issues within the environment
of the smart city, the significant traffic control systems using the IoT based technology and
the other constraints that are required to provide solution with the help of the IoT technology
(Mehmood et al., 2017). The next part of the report will put a critical assessment in respect to
the usage of IoT technology, which will be effective for the increased growth of the smart
cities.
2.0 Literature Review
According to Latif and Zafar (2017), it can be depicted that the usage of IoT
technology helps in sensing the small objects present within the environment that probably
provides a great response within a connected network environment. The concept of smart
cities are depicted to be an integration of the smart and interactive nodes, which are
associated with each other for maintaining the communication among the other nodes present
within the network. The smart cities are stated to be a collection of the smart offices, home,
waste management, buildings as well as transportation systems (Khatoun and Zeadally,

4IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
2017). The prime methodology that is used in respect to the progress of the smart cities are
depicted to be the usage of the cloud computing methodologies, that tends to connect the
overall nodes present within the network architecture framework of the smart city. This
methodology is identified to be significantly efficient in respect to the formation of the smart
grid for the implementation as well as provides affordable, robust as well as secure power
supply systems. The significant article tends to put a significant reflection on both of the
smart grid systems as well as cloud methodologies that are engaged with the advancement of
the smart cities. The flaws as well as the benefits of the advancement of smart cities are well
stated within the article (Jaloudi, 2015). Moreover, the intelligence of the hardware systems
are depicted to be assured with the collaboration of the IoT as well as smart objects engaged
with the significant advancement of smart cities. The smart environment that will be adhered
within the smart cities are significantly achieved with the association of the technology in
specific fields such as appliances, traffic systems, security of the data associated with
different equipment (Sallabi and Shuaib, 2016). The mobile devices within the environment
of the smart cities are to be enhanced in respect to the fact that the evaluation of the overall
technical systems associated within the environment of the smart cities. The IoT technology
based smart cities are identified to proceed with the innovation with the help of the strong
emphasis on the confidentiality of data, authentication of data, controlling the overall data,
maintaining an effective communication as well as the flexibility in the overall infrastructure.
There are significant security issues associated with in respect to the development of smart
cities that are to be adhered in respect to the implementation of the various technologies in
the environment of smart cities. For the development of the smart cities the technology of IoT
is to be implemented in a centralized manner thus adhering the fact of the distributed
architecture systems that will enhance the overall functioning of the network in a distributed
form which will further tend to amplify the infrastructure of the smart cities (Petrolo, Loscri

5IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
and Mitton, 2017). The authors within this article has identified the Advanced Mete
Infrastructure as a significant methodology that adheres the usage of utility services in a
convenient manner thus effectively maintaining the overall communication of the monitoring
devices as well as maintaining the overall flow of the information in the relevant nodes
present within the network.
According to Sikder et al., (2018), the primary identified factor, which is required to
build a city that will be effectively smart, is depicted as the smart lightings in the overall
smart cities. The authors provides a clear reflection of the networked based ICT technologies
that will help the effective lighting systems on the overall smart cities (Amendola et al.,
2014). The article provides a clear overview of the smart lighting systems that are to be used
in the enhancement of the cities. The autonomous behaviour of overall smart lighting systems
are depicted to be the well described in the figure provided below.
(Image: Smart Lighting Systems)
(Source: Sikder et al., 2018)
The overall architecture in respect to the smart lighting systems are depicted to adhere
the constraints as mentioned in the figure. The first section of the IoT enabled smart lighting

6IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
systems are depicted to be the fact of the Lamp Unit. The Lamp Unit that is used to develop
the smart lighting systems are said to be of LED. This are stated to be more efficient in the
field of energy consumption (Stantchev et al., 2015). Moreover, the monitoring of these
lights are depicted to be significant in leading the smart city concept. The motion sensors as
well as light sensor technology is significantly used in respect to the overall monitoring of
these lights. The smart lights also use the temperature sensor in order to depict the
deployment of the power lines. The next section that is used for the development of the smart
lighting systems are stated to be the fact of the Local Control Unit. These units are associated
for collecting the overall data from the light units thus transferring them to the Control Centre
(Mohanty, Choppali and Kougianos, 2016). The Control Centre is the next important segment
associated with the overall deployment of the smart lighting systems. This centre is
associated with the collection of the overall data that is provided by the individual control
centres. On the basis of the importance of the data, the overall administration is carried out
(Salahuddin et al., 2018). Thus the usage of the smart lighting systems are depicted to be one
of the useful methodologies used in the environment of the smart cities for carrying out better
administration of the smart cities. Moreover, the usage of the smart lighting systems can be
used in accordance to the user that is it can be used in both the outdoor as well as indoor
ambiences. The communication methodologies that are used in respect to the smart lighting
systems within the environment of the smart cities are stated to be the long-range
communication as well as short-range communication (Mandula et al., 2015). The long-range
communication potentially refers to the overall communication of data in respect to the
section of local control unit and the control unit whereas the communication of short-range
refers to the significant communication of data within the devices that are present within the
sight. The significant usage of the various wireless protocols that are depicted to be used are
stated to be the fact of ZigBee, 6LoWPAN as well as the JenNET-IP. Moreover, there are

7IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
some wired technologies too that are used in various smart cities to maintain the
communication of the overall smart city (Gade, Gade and Reddy, 2016). The significant
methodology associated with the wired communication are depicted to be the power line
communication. The impact of the smart lights within the environment of the smart cities are
depicted to be the facts of lower consumption of electrical energies as well as usage of the
sunlight as a mode of electrical power is said to be the most important effect on the smart city
technology. There are many future aspects related with the innovation of smart cities in
respect to the smart lighting systems.
According to Dok and Rawat (2019), smart cities are depicted to be one of the popular
technological improvements in the modern day world. Many specific innovations are related
with the progress of the cities to make them efficiently smart. This significant article
identifies the usage of the Big Data technology within the environment of the smart cities.
The most important sector of any smart city is depicted to be effective with the collection and
the enhanced analysis of the data present within the environment of smart cities. These cities
must be effective in terms of securing the overall data that is connected with the environment
of smart city (Sarin, 2016). This is to be done with the usage of the Big Data Technology
within the environment of the smart city. The article significantly emphasises on the smart
healthcare systems that are associated within the environment of the smart cities. The manual
healthcare systems possesses many flaws in respect to the cost as well as service quality that
is provided by the healthcare systems. The smart healthcare systems are very necessary in
respect to the patients that tends to visit the hospitals frequently (Lea and Blackstock, 2014).
The advanced models that are associated with the employment of the big-data analytics for
the improvement of the healthcare systems within the hospitals associated within the
environment of smart cities. The usage of the Big Data technology in order to monitor an
individual’s health systems are depicted to be very useful for the maintenance of the data.

8IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
There is a possibility of huge data allocation within the environment of the healthcare
systems that are associated with the smart cities (Yuehong et al., 2016). These data are also
necessary to be secured as these data are said to be very important for the future references of
the organizations associated with the smart healthcare systems. The potential block diagram
that is associated with the overall security of the healthcare systems are provided in the
diagram below.
(Image: Security of Healthcare Systems)
(Source: Doku and Rawat, 2019)
According to Manogaran et al., (2018), there is a significant reflection of the smart
transportation systems that are associated in the environment of smart cities. Thus, it can be
realised that the smart cities will tend to move forward with the implementation of the smart
transportation systems. The significant smart transportation will be associated to maintain the
traffic of the overall vehicles [resent within the smart city as well as tend to collect data in
respect to the traffic systems thus maintaining them in an overall database of the smart
transportation systems. The potential usage of the automated traffic systems will be assured
with the smart computing as well as storage of the data thus maintaining a connected
environment within the smart city (Skouby and Lynggaard, 2014). This will also assure that

9IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
the overall communication charge will be less in respect to the manual systems. The usage of
drones will also enhance the preventions of the accidents as well as take an enhanced
measure to overcome the accidents happening within the city. This will amplify the smart
communication system as well as security of the vehicles are also maintained. Moreover, the
security of the smart transportation system is also an added feature that is required for the
smooth functioning of the transportation system (Ji et al., 2014). The provided figure will
provide a brief idea in respect to the various components that will be necessary for the
enlargement of the smart transportation systems.
(Image: Security of Transportation Systems)
(Source: Doku and Rawat, 2019)
3.0 Methodology
The significant methodology that is being used in respect to the advancement of theis
type of cities is depicted to be the collection of the secondary data in respect to the qualitative
research aspects. The significant implications of the above stated literature reviews are stated
to be linked with the potential embracement of smart cities. The important mechanisms as
well as the sectors that are potentially identified with the analysis of the articles tend to assure
the proper development of the smart cities emphasizing on the healthcare systems, the smart

10IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
transportation systems and the security of data collected via the usage of the smart intelligent
systems (Jabbar et al., 2017). In addition to this, there are significant sectors associated with
the smart lighting systems that will enhance the power consumption within the environment
of the smart cities. The qualitative methods has introduced many new innovations that can be
adhered in respect to the development of these smart cities. Moreover, the smart system of
transportation is one of the important sector that tends to provide an enhanced simplification
of the overall traffic modules within the smart cities (Burange and Misalkar, 2015). The smart
lighting system tends to decrease the consumption of electricity that further tends to be put a
great emphasis on the society. Thus, it can be depicted that the usage of the different research
articles via the qualitative research methodology is an important approach that has led to face
the new innovations which further leads to the development of the smart cities.
Moreover, this research methodology is used in this case as the research papers are
significant to describe the various needs that are to be implied for the potential building of
these type of cities. The significant emphasis of the smart household articles is also depicted
to be a significant step associated with the innovation as well as development of the smart
cities (Islam et al., 2015). The literatures that are reviewed in the prior parts of the report
signifies that the development of the smart cities are easier in respect to the fact of the actual
implication. There might be certain risks which are identified in respect to this type of
development and those must be adhered in respect to the development of the constraints
associated within a smart city.
4.0 Discussion and Implication of Research
The significant research that is carried out in respect to the significant evolution of the
cities are depicted to be very successful. The important information that are provided within
the research articles are signified to be very useful as well as to be maintained for the

11IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
evolution of smart cities. The sectors on which the prime emphasis are provided in the
literature review section of the paper puts a clear and critical reflection of the important
sections such as transport, lighting, data collection from different data sources as well as the
deployment of the smart intelligent systems for the enhancement of smart cities. The addition
of the important IoT technologies like the concepts of big data concept, cloud computing
methodology and many more are depicted to amplify the intelligence associated with smart
cities. These intends to cope with the development of the effective and smart bounds of a city.
The crowd sensing mechanism adhered in the significant research paper is also
depicted to be significant in respect to the evolution of the city. The mobile crowd sensing
technology is used within this framework for the enhancement of sensing in respect to the
overall evolution of the smart cities. The significant emphasis of the technology in
association with the building infrastructure of this type of city on the healthcare systems are
depicted to be useful in respect to the people residing within the smart cities. The prime usage
of the machine-to-machine communication methodology tends to enhance the overall
communication of data within the environment of the smart cities. Moreover, the significant
usage of the cloud computing methodology tends to increase the flow of data within the
different nodes of the smart city environment. In association to this, the Big Data technology
helps to provide a great emphasis on the significant saving of the data that flows within the
overall network architecture present within the smart city environment.
5.0 Conclusion
Thus, the overall paper provides a critical assessment in respect to the association of
the IoT within the infrastructure of the city for the significant evolution of smart city. The
significant paper emphasis on the smart healthcare systems, the smart lighting systems, the
smart transportation systems as well as the privacy of the overall data that flows within the

12IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
different nodes present in respect to the environment of smart cities. Moreover, the usage of
the significant technologies such as Big Data as well as cloud computing also tends to
analyse as well as improvise the data collection and execution methodologies in respect to
these type of cities. The environment of smart city tends to emphasize the ease of the access
to the different sectors to the people of the city. The smart transportation system will help the
smooth running of the traffic within the overall environment of the smart city. The smart
healthcare systems will help the people associated within this field to get extensive support as
well as emphasize on the data collection and tracking the data saved within the database of
the system. Thus, it can be concluded that the overall implications within the field of the
smart technology the development of the smart city will be enhanced thus providing effective
solutions in various fields.

13IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
6.0 References
Amendola, S., Lodato, R., Manzari, S., Occhiuzzi, C. and Marrocco, G., 2014. RFID
technology for IoT-based personal healthcare in smart spaces. IEEE Internet of things
journal, 1(2), pp.144-152.
Burange, A.W. and Misalkar, H.D., 2015, March. Review of Internet of Things in
development of smart cities with data management & privacy. In 2015 International
Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications (pp. 189-195). IEEE.
Doku, R. and Rawat, D.B., 2019. Big Data in Cybersecurity for Smart City Applications. In
Smart Cities Cybersecurity and Privacy (pp. 103-112). Elsevier.
Gade, N.R., Gade, N.R. and Reddy, G.U., 2016. Internet of things (IoT) for smart cities-The
future technology revolution. Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology.
Islam, S.R., Kwak, D., Kabir, M.H., Hossain, M. and Kwak, K.S., 2015. The internet of
things for health care: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 3, pp.678-708.
Jabbar, S., Ullah, F., Khalid, S., Khan, M. and Han, K., 2017. Semantic interoperability in
heterogeneous IoT infrastructure for healthcare. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing, 2017.
Jaloudi, S., 2015, September. Open source software of smart city protocols current status and
challenges. In 2015 International Conference on Open Source Software Computing
(OSSCOM) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Ji, Z., Ganchev, I., O'Droma, M., Zhao, L. and Zhang, X., 2014. A cloud-based car parking
middleware for IoT-based smart cities: Design and implementation. Sensors, 14(12),
pp.22372-22393.

14IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
Khatoun, R. and Zeadally, S., 2017. Cybersecurity and privacy solutions in smart
cities. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(3), pp.51-59.
Latif, S. and Zafar, N.A., 2017, November. A survey of security and privacy issues in IoT for
smart cities. In 2017 Fifth International Conference on Aerospace Science & Engineering
(ICASE) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Lea, R. and Blackstock, M., 2014, December. City hub: A cloud-based iot platform for smart
cities. In 2014 IEEE 6th international conference on cloud computing technology and
science (pp. 799-804). IEEE.
Mandula, K., Parupalli, R., Murty, C.A., Magesh, E. and Lunagariya, R., 2015, December.
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Manogaran, G., Varatharajan, R., Lopez, D., Kumar, P.M., Sundarasekar, R. and Thota, C.,
2018. A new architecture of Internet of Things and big data ecosystem for secured smart
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Mehmood, Y., Ahmad, F., Yaqoob, I., Adnane, A., Imran, M. and Guizani, S., 2017. Internet-
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Mohanty, S.P., Choppali, U. and Kougianos, E., 2016. Everything you wanted to know about
smart cities: The internet of things is the backbone. IEEE Consumer Electronics
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15IOT ENABLED INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART CITIES
Petrolo, R., Loscri, V. and Mitton, N., 2017. Towards a smart city based on cloud of things, a
survey on the smart city vision and paradigms. Transactions on Emerging
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Salahuddin, M.A., Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Shuaib, K. and Sallabi, F., 2018.
Softwarization of internet of things infrastructure for secure and smart healthcare. arXiv
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Sallabi, F. and Shuaib, K., 2016, July. Internet of things network management system
architecture for smart healthcare. In 2016 Sixth International Conference on Digital
Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP) (pp. 165-170).
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Sarin, G., 2016, March. Developing smart cities using Internet of Things: An empirical study.
In 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development
(INDIACom) (pp. 315-320). IEEE.
Sikder, A.K., Acar, A., Aksu, H., Uluagac, A.S., Akkaya, K. and Conti, M., 2018, January.
IoT-enabled smart lighting systems for smart cities. In 2018 IEEE 8th Annual Computing and
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Skouby, K.E. and Lynggaard, P., 2014, November. Smart home and smart city solutions
enabled by 5G, IoT, AAI and CoT services. In 2014 International Conference on
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