IoT Based Solid Waste Management Solutions: A Survey - MITS5002

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MITS5002
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
METHODOLOGY ASSIGNMENT 2
Paper: IOT Based Solid Waste Management Solutions - A Survey
Author: Kellow Pardini
Student Name:
Student ID:

Table of Contents
List of Figures............................................................................................................................1
Introduction................................................................................................................................1
Research.....................................................................................................................................1
Waste Disposal Methods............................................................................................................3
Application of IOT in Waste Management................................................................................4
Future of Waste Management with IOT....................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................6
References..................................................................................................................................6
List of Figures
Figure 1: Smart Waste Management..........................................................................................2
Figure 2: Various types of waste................................................................................................3

Introduction
As the population is increasing with time and people have also started to migrate from rural
areas to the urban areas. This migration and the increasing population impact the overall
problem of waste generation at a huge level. It’s a very big challenge for all the large urban
cities globally as the waste generation is increasing. IOT offers an automation possibility
through cyber-physical enabled systems that will change the way solid waste management is
performed. The waste management system is basically a way of collecting the waste by using
transportation, recycling or disposal. Human activities produce waste and this should be
controlled to make sure that there are no adverse effects for the health of other beings and the
environment too. In light of the IOT requirements & its use, this paper provides a thorough
review of the models of waste management that are available in the literature.

Research
The overall urban cities population globally is
predicted to increase to 65% by the end of 2050 as
compared to that of the prediction done in 2014 with
an overall increase to 50%, hence this will result in
increasing of the total waste generation in the cities.
According to the World Bank Group, waste
production tends to increase at a faster rate. The
estimated waste production in the coming year 2025
is around 2 billion tons. According to an article, all
the cities globally produced around 1.2 billion tons
of the waste in the year 2012 and it was calculated that on an average each person produced
around 1 Kg of solid waste per day. The continued use of recycling techniques, the
technological cycle of innovation, the application of advanced technologies for waste
collection and the use of technologies based on information technology and big data are other
drivers of application growth designed for effective waste management worldwide.
Governmental and public authorities ' initiatives to efficiently improve the collection and
smart disposal of waste produced by a town are on the rise with regard to waste management.
The accelerated rate of urbanization worldwide and the expansion of the industry sector,
which can already be treated efficiently and produced by intelligent management are already
being considered. The IOT started with an increased number of interrelated physical objects
that provide interactions.
As a key facilitator of the integration of diverse application and communication technologies,
the IOT model has the main role. A research conducted by the IBSG estimated that around
fifty billion electronic devices will be on the internet connect to it by the year 2020.
Currently, cities in the developing markets are heavily investing in smart goods and services
to promote economic growth, while developing countries have to improve existing city
infrastructure so that they can continue to compete. A wide variety of programs such as waste
management based on IOT application can be included among developments. While a
relatively new phenomenon has become the subject of smart cities, sustainable development
has already become synonymous with global sustainability debates.
Figure 1: Smart Waste Management

Waste Disposal Methods
Different sections of society can classify waste as per their formation and purpose. This is
essential as it promotes the specific collection, reusing and the definition with the most
suitable objective. The specific collection is presently the basis for the proper planning of
waste and is the world's leading method when recycling is to be achieved. It is important that
categorization is previously done for the waste disposal system that relies on IOT, thus taking
into account specific waste & recycling bins for each kind of waste.
Figure 2: Various types of waste

Application of IOT in Waste Management
Waste disposal is an important part of community management, in particular in which urban
sustainable development has become essential to replenish. Sustainable means must be
sought for the management, decrease and recycling of Waste Mountains produced daily in
urban centres. The innovation would be a good step in that direction in daily area
management activities. IOT's business aspects have successfully penetrated. It tracks whole
industry terrains from education, retail, health, and automobile to enjoyment.
A variety of daily objects have always been connected to the web to interactively share
information as sensor technology advances. The performance of any IOT compatible
application is that a large amount of information is collected, mostly in real-time, and these
data are distilled into insights that can be used by users. Currently, the most popular IOT
application for waste handling is automatically generated waste collection truck optimization.
Generally, they follow a special route for the collection of trash on a daily basis. The drivers
do not usually know how full a waste bin is until they find it in sanitation departments that
have yet to use IOT connectivity. This leads to a lot of lost time, fuel and thus money. This
scenario is enhanced by IOT applications in waste management, providing health workers
with an explanation into the level of actual filling of various waste management units, which
loads can differ by day, year and season.
Discharge containers connected to sensors and Internet can collect information on fill level,
temp, area, or any relevant information that sensors collect and hygiene is useful. By a
functionality that shows the locations and filling standards of all containers, disposal
collectors can schedule for an automatically generated route that emphasizes areas that
urgently need cleaning and prevents space to be disposed of.
Bin-e, a Polish company, has developed "Automated Waste Bins” which can recognise and
sort waste in up to four subgroups: glass, paper, plastic and metal. The waste is then
composed and the filling level for each waste classification is notified by the garbage
collectors. Smart classification and separation are a trend to come. For larger deployments, it
is still refined.
The purpose of IOT waste management applications is to generate fitter operations and to
provide better services to people. An increasing group of interconnected autonomous systems

manage urban functions every day and improve both the experiences of people and the
carbon footprint.
Future of Waste Management with IOT
The intelligent waste disposal market is expected to increase by 2021, from over a billion
US$ to 2 billion, at an annual compound growth rate of 17 %. This is because of the various
developed cities projects as well as to the stringent rules imposed by environmental and
disposal regulators. In developing these IOT waste management systems Australian
enterprises have played an important role in developing sensors, technologies, navigation
systems and communication development in Sydney and in other countries as well. With the
Web of Bins the society, containers, vehicles, and waste industries have new opportunities for
connecting themselves, to offer personalized and optimized collection programs at a minimal
cost. Although waste management technologies are emerging, IOT solutions and companies
have emerged. Major companies are using robust waste management systems in line with
their need for timely waste management approach. Increasing efficiency, increasing
productivity and more intelligent sustainable models is the result when manufacturers think
over and consider the power of internet of things as a platform that encourages them to build
smarter applications. This can be employed for several high-value product categories, such as
electronics, equipment, long-lasting products, furnishings, hardware and other products
where the customer flags items to be recycled and where the manufacturer recycles products
to produce new units instead of mining more precious metals, producing more plastic or
manufactured goods.

Conclusion
Waste management is an important element for achieving the transformation of standard
cities into intelligent cities for sustainable management, effectiveness in public spending,
enhancing urban mobility and maintaining renewable resources. As IOT infrastructure
deployment can offer many possibilities, the main reasons for the search were recognized in
the first place and some useful application models were described for waste management.
With IOT, the location of waste container can be tracked, waste level can be controlled, high
demand sites can be identified, the quickest route for the optimisation of collections is
suggested, or even a user interface for the people to encourage disposal once the container
can receive waste, which promotes nationality and prevents major problems.

References
[1] K. Pardini et al., “IoT-Based Solid Waste Management Solutions: A Survey,” J. Sens.
Actuator Networks, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 5, Jan. 2019.
[2] T. M. (Trevor M. . Letcher and D. A. Vallero, Waste : a handbook for management. .
[3] M. Al-Jabi and M. Diab, “IoT-enabled citizen attractive waste management system,” in
2017 2nd International Conference on the Applications of Information Technology in
Developing Renewable Energy Processes & Systems (IT-DREPS), 2017, pp. 1–5.
[4] T. Anagnostopoulos, A. Zaslavsky, and A. Medvedev, “Robust waste collection
exploiting cost efficiency of IoT potentiality in Smart Cities,” in 2015 International
Conference on Recent Advances in Internet of Things (RIoT), 2015, pp. 1–6.
[5] E. Al-Masri, I. Diabate, R. Jain, M. H. Lam, and S. Reddy Nathala, “Recycle.io: An IoT-
Enabled Framework for Urban Waste Management,” in 2018 IEEE International Conference
on Big Data (Big Data), 2018, pp. 5285–5287.
[6] A. Medvedev, P. Fedchenkov, A. Zaslavsky, T. Anagnostopoulos, and S. Khoruzhnikov,
“Waste Management as an IoT-Enabled Service in Smart Cities,” Springer, Cham, 2015, pp.
104–115.
[7] T. Anagnostopoulos et al., “Challenges and Opportunities of Waste Management in IoT-
Enabled Smart Cities: A Survey,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Comput., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 275–289,
Jul. 2017.
[8] C. Perera, A. Zaslavsky, P. Christen, and D. Georgakopoulos, “Sensing as a service model
for smart cities supported by Internet of Things,” Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., vol.
25, no. 1, pp. 81–93, Jan. 2014.