Comprehensive Review: Wireless Communication Protocols for IoT Systems

This report provides an overview of wireless communication protocols used in the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins by defining IoT as a network of interconnected smart devices capable of sharing information and communicating without human intervention. The report then delves into specific wireless communication technologies, including Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4), RF Links and Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11). Each technology is discussed in terms of its range, data rate, and typical applications, such as home automation, medical devices, smart energy, and smartphone payment systems. The report also briefly mentions other technologies like WiMAX and Z-wave, highlighting their data speeds and applications in home automation. The document concludes with a list of references, citing various research papers and articles related to IoT and wireless communication technologies.

Wireless Communication Protocols
for Internet of Things (IoT)

• It stands for Internet of Things.
• It is one of the revolution technologies of
this decade which will transform the
standard of living of the society.
• In this technology smart devices are
connected with each other so that they
can share information and communicate
without human involvement.
What is IoT

 Communication is achieved through
electromagnetic waves.
 Air is used as channel.
 There is one transmitter and a receiver.
Both uses antenna to change electrical
signals to electromagnetic waves and vice
versa.
Wireless Communication

 It follows IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
 Range is 10-100 metres.
 Data rate is 250 kilobits per second.
 Zigbee has low data rate, hence it is mostly
used in home automation, collecting data
for medical devices, smart energy devices
and other application which require low
power and low bandwidth
Zigbee

 It uses radio frequencies for identification
(RFID).
 Two main components are tag and reader.
 Range depends on the transmission power.
 Near field Communication (NFC) also uses
radio frequencies.
 NFC is used in range of 4cm.
 Used in smartphone payment systems.
RF Links and NFC

 It follows IEEE 802.15.1
 Developed by Jaap Haarsten in 1994
working for Ericson.
 Typical range is within 10 metres.
 BLE stands for Bluetooth Low Energy.
 Upgraded version of bluetooth with low
energy consumption with same
communication rate.
Bluetooth and BLE

 It follows IEEE 802.11 standard.
 It stands for Wireless Fidelity.
 Most widely used for IoT.
 It uses two frequency bands which are,
2.4GHz UHF and 5.8GHz SHF ISM bands.
 Range depends up on the power of
transmitter and receiver.
 Security is less as compared to wired
networks.
Wifi

 WiMAX: It stands for Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access. It has
a high data speed of 40 megabits per
second which was upgraded to 1 gigabit per
second.
 Z-wave: It was developed by Zensys in
2001. It is widely used in home automation.
Range is up to 100 meters and is uses 800-
900MHz radio frequency range for
communication.
Other technologies for IoT

 J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, M. Palaniswami, "Internet of Things (IoT): A vision
architectural elements and future directions", Future Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 29,
no. 7, pp. 1645-1660, 2013.
 W. H. Chin, Z. Fan, R. J. Haines, "Emerging technologies and research challenges for
5G wireless networks", IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 106-112, Apr.
2014.
 M. R. Palattella et al., "Internet of Things in the 5G era: Enablers architecture and
business models", IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 34, pp. 510-527, Mar. 2016.
 E. Borgia, "The Internet of Things vision: Key features applications and open
issues", Comput. Commun., vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 1-31, 2014.
 R. Want, B. N. Schilit, S. Jenson, "Enabling the Internet of Things", Computer, vol. 48,
no. 1, pp. 28-35, 2015.
 L. Atzori, A. Iera, G. Morabito, "The Internet of Things: A survey", Comput. Netw., vol.
54, no. 15, pp. 2787-2805, Oct. 2010.
 A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, M. Ayyash, "Internet of Things:
A survey on enabling technologies protocols and applications", IEEE Commun.
Surveys Tuts., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347-2376, 4th Quart., 2015.
References

 M. B. Yassein, W. Mardini, A. Khalil, "Smart homes automation using Z-wave
protocol", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Eng. MIS (ICEMIS), pp. 1-6, Sep. 2016.
 P. P. Gaikwad, J. P. Gabhane, S. S. Golait, "A survey based on smart homes system
using Internet-of-Things", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Power Energy Inf. Commun.
(ICCPEIC), pp. 330-335, Apr. 2015.
 LTE evolution for IoT connectivity, Espoo, Finland:, pp. 1-18, 2017.
 T. J. Myers et al., "Light monitoring system using a random phase multiple access
system", Jul. 2013.
 "IEEE Standard 802.15.1", Bluetooth.
 T. Adame, A. Bel, B. Bellalta, J. Barcelo, M. Oliver, "IEEE 802.11AH: The WiFi approach
for M2M communications", IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 144-152, Dec.
2014.
References Continued